Eruvin 177

לא שנו אלא שלא עירבו אבל עירבו מותרין

This<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ruling in our Mishnah under discussion.');">¹</span> was learnt only in the case where no joint 'erub was prepared, but if a joint 'erub was prepared they are permitted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The unrestricted use of the trough.');">²</span> But why are they not permitted where they did not prepare a joint 'erub? - R'Ashi replied: As a preventive measure against the possibility of their carrying out water<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. MS.M., and Rashi a.l.');">³</span>

וכי לא עירבו מאי טעמא לא אמר רב אשי גזירה דילמא אתי לאפוקי ממאני דבתים להתם:

in utensils from their houses to the trough.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there'. An act which in the absence of a joint 'erub is forbidden.');">⁴</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>ALL THE ROOFS OF A TOWN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though the houses beneath are occupied by different tenants and constitute different domains.');">⁵</span> CONSTITUTE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since they are only infrequently used.');">⁶</span>

<br><br><big><strong>הדרן עלך כיצד משתתפין</strong></big><br><br>

A SINGLE DOMAIN,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And it is permitted to carry objects from one roof into another on the Sabbath.');">⁷</span> PROVIDED NO ROOF IS TEN HANDBREADTHS HIGHER OR LOWER THAN THE NEIGHBOURING ROOF;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. MS.M. The last four words are wanting from cur. edd. If one roof was higher or lower than the one adjoining it no objects may be moved on the Sabbath from the one into the other.');">⁸</span> SO R'MEIR'THE SAGES, HOWEVER, RULED: EACH ONE IS A SEPARATE DOMAIN.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'before itself', so that where the tenants did not join in one 'erub the movement of objects from one roof to the other is forbidden.');">⁹</span>

מתני׳ <big><strong>כל</strong></big> גגות העיר רשות אחת ובלבד שלא יהא גג גבוה י' או נמוך י' דברי ר"מ וחכ"א כל אחד ואחד רשות בפני עצמו

R'SIMEON RULED: ROOFS, COURTYARDS AND KARPAFS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the area of the last mentioned was not bigger than two beth se'ah.');">¹⁰</span> ARE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since they are only irregularly and infrequently made use of.');">¹¹</span> EQUALLY REGARDED AS ONE DOMAIN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even though the owners did not join in one 'erub.');">¹²</span>

רבי שמעון אומר אחד גגות ואחד חצירות ואחד קרפיפות רשות אחת הן לכלים ששבתו לתוכן ולא לכלים ששבתו בתוך הבית:

IN RESPECT OF CARRYING FROM ONE INTO THE OTHER OBJECTS THAT WERE KEPT WITHIN THEM WHEN THE SABBATH BEGAN, BUT NOT IN RESPECT OF OBJECTS THAT WERE IN THE HOUSE WHEN THE SABBATH BEGAN.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These, though they may be carried into the same courtyard, for instance, by virtue of an 'erub the tenants of that courtyard had jointly prepared, they may not be carried into a neighbouring courtyard unless the two courtyards too had been joined in one 'erub.');">¹³</span> <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Abaye B'Abin and R'Hanina<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' MS. M. 'Hanania'.');">¹⁴</span> B'Abin sat at their studies while Abaye was sitting beside them, and in the course of the session they remarked: One can well justify the view of the Rabbis<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The SAGES who ruled that EACH ONE IS A SEPARATE DOMAIN.');">¹⁵</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> יתיב אביי בר אבין ורבי חנינא בר אבין ויתיב אביי גבייהו ויתבי וקאמרי בשלמא רבנן סברי כשם שדיורין חלוקין למטה כך דיורין חלוקין למעלה

since they may hold the view that as the tenants are divided below<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In their houses.');">¹⁶</span> so are they divided above;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On their roofs.');">¹⁷</span> but as to R'Meir, what could his view be?

אלא רבי מאיר מאי קסבר אי קסבר כשם שדיורין חלוקין למטה כך דיורין חלוקין למעלה אמאי רשות אחת הן ואי קסבר אין חלוקין דכל למעלה מי' רשות אחת היא אפילו גג גבוה עשרה ונמוך י' נמי

If he holds that the tenants are divided above<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On their roofs.');">¹⁸</span> as they are divided below,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In their houses.');">¹⁹</span> why should the roofs CONSTITUTE A SINGLE DOMAIN?

אמר להו אביי לא שמיע לכו הא דאמר רב יצחק בר אבדימי אומר היה רבי מאיר כל מקום שאתה מוצא שתי רשויות והן רשות אחת כגון עמוד ברה"י גבוה עשרה ורחב ד' אסור לכתף עליו גזירה משום תל ברה"ר ה"נ גזירה משום תל ברה"ר

And if he holds that they are not divided above<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On their roofs.');">¹⁸</span> because all places above ten handbreadths<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the ground.');">²⁰</span> are regarded as a single domain, why<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since all roofs are no less than ten handbreadths higher than the ground level.');">²¹</span>

סבור מינה אפילו מכתשת ואפילו גיגית

should not this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Meir's ruling.');">²²</span> also apply to a roof that was TEN HAND BREADTHS HIGHER OR LOWER? 'You have not heard', Abaye said to them, 'the following statement made by R'Isaac B'Abdimi: R'Meir always maintained that wherever you find two domains of the same character<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and they are one domain'.');">²³</span> [one within the other] as, for instance, a column ten handbreadths high and four handbreadths wide<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which has the status of an independent private domain.');">²⁴</span>

אמר להו אביי הכי אמר מר לא אמר ר"מ אלא עמוד ואמת הריחים הואיל ואדם קובע להן מקום

in a private domain,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of larger dimensions.');">²⁵</span> it is forbidden<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To the people in the private domain in which the column stood, though the former legally reaches up to the sky.');">²⁶</span> to re-arrange loads on the former,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'on it'.');">²⁷</span>

והרי כותל שבין ב' חצירות דקבוע ואמר רב יהודה כשתימצי לומר לדברי ר"מ גגין רשות לעצמן חצירות רשות לעצמן קרפיפות רשות לעצמן

as a preventive measure against a similar act in the case of a mound<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tell handbreadths high which has the status of a private domain.');">²⁸</span> in a public domain.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shah. 9a. If the use of the column in the private domain had been allowed people would also have used a similar column in a public domain for the same purpose.');">²⁹</span> Here,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The prohibition of movement in the case of a roof that was ten handbreadths higher or lower than all adjoining one.');">³⁰</span>

מאי לאו דשרי לטלטולי דרך כותל

too, it may be explained, a preventive measure was enacted against a similar act<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Carrying objects from one domain into the other.');">³¹</span> in the case of a mound<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tell handbreadths high which has the status of a private domain.');">²⁸</span> in a public domain'.

אמר רב הונא בר יהודה אמר רב ששת לא להכניס ולהוציא דרך פתחים:

They understood him to imply that the same restriction<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Carrying objects from one domain into the other.');">³¹</span> applies also to a mortar or a tank,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That was turned upside down and formed an elevation of ten handbreadths.');">³²</span> but Abaye said to them, 'Thus said the Master: R'Meir spoke only of a column and an enclosure of millstones, since their owner assigns for them a permanent Position,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and a man fixes for them a place'.');">³³</span>

וחכ"א כל אחד ואחד רשות בפני עצמו: איתמר רב אמר אין מטלטלין בו אלא בד' אמות ושמואל אמר מותר לטלטל בכולו

But is there not the case of<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and behold'.');">³⁴</span> a wall between two courtyards, which is a permanent fixture, and yet Rab Judah stated: 'A careful study would show that,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since he regards all roofs as one domain and yet forbids the movement of objects between two roofs one of which was ten handbreadths higher or lower than the other.');">³⁵</span> according to the view of It.

במחיצות הניכרות דכולי עלמא לא פליגי כי פליגי במחיצות שאינן ניכרות

Meir, roofs<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the Same altitude.');">³⁶</span> are regarded as a separate domain,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not roofs and courtyards, for instance, since the former are more than ten handbreadths higher than the latter.');">³⁷</span> courtyards as a separate domain,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 620, n. 20.');">³⁸</span>

רב אמר אין מטלטלין בו אלא בד' אמו' לא אמר גוד אסיק מחיצתא ושמואל אמר מותר לטלטל בכולו דאמר גוד אסיק מחיצתא

and karpafs as a separate domain'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 90b; i.e., it is only permissible to move objects from place to place in the same class but it is forbidden to move objects from one of these classes into any of the other.');">³⁹</span> which<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since no restrictions are imposed on the movement of objects between any number of courtyards.');">⁴⁰</span> implies, does it not,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'what, not?'');">⁴¹</span>

תנן וחכמים אומרים כל אחד ואחד

that it is permissible to move objects across a wall?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Between two courtyards. Now, since here no preventive measure was enacted against a similar act in the case of a mound in a public domain is it likely, as Abaye maintained, that the provision against such a possibility was R. Meir's reason for his ruling in our MISHNAH:');">⁴²</span> - R'Huna B'Judah citing R'Shesheth replied: No, the implication<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That 'it is permissible to move objects' from courtyard to courtyard.');">⁴³</span> is that it is permitted to carry objects in and to carry them out by way of the doors.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not across a wall.');">⁴⁴</span> THE SAGES, HOWEVER, RULED: EACH ONE IS A SEPARATE DOMAIN. It was stated: Rab ruled: Objects in it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A roof adjoining another roof of the same level.');">⁴⁵</span> may be moved only within four cubits,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Each roof being A SEPARATE DOMAIN, fully exposed to the adjacent roof that is of a similar status, the two, since it is forbidden to move any objects between them, impose restrictions upon each other.');">⁴⁶</span> and Samuel ruled: It is permitted to move objects throughout its area.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The walls of the houses, he maintains, are deemed to extend upwards and to form virtual partitions around the roofs.');">⁴⁷</span> Where the partitions are distinguish able<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the houses are detached from each other so that their walls can be seen from the roofs.');">⁴⁸</span> there is no divergence of opinion;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'all the world does not dispute', that the walls are deemed to be extending upwards and to form partitions around the roofs in agreement with Samuel's view.');">⁴⁹</span> the dispute is limited to the case of partitions that are indistinguishable.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., where the roofs are joined to one another.');">⁵⁰</span> Rab maintains that, 'Objects in it may be moved only within four cubits' because [in such circumstances]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., where the roofs are joined to one another.');">⁵⁰</span> he does not uphold the principle of the upward extension of the walls; while Samuel ruled: 'It is permitted to move objects throughout its area', because [even in such circumstances] he upholds the principle of the upward extension of the walls. We learned: THE SAGES, HOWEVER, RULED: EACH ONE [