Eruvin 178

רשות לעצמו בשלמא לשמואל ניחא אלא לרב קשיא

IS A SEPARATE DOMAIN.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is now assumed to mean that each householder is allowed the free movement of objects throughout the area of his roof.');">¹</span> This ruling,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. prev. n.');">²</span> according to Samuel, is quite satisfactory, but does it not, according to Rab,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who forbids movement beyond four cubits.');">³</span>

אמרי בי רב משמיה דרב שלא יטלטל ב' אמות בגג זה וב' אמות בגג זה

present a difficulty?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. prev. n.');">²</span> - The school of Rab explained in the name of Rab:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The meaning of the ruling of the Sages.');">⁴</span> That one must not move an object along two cubits on one roof and along another two cubits on an adjacent roof.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Within the same roof, however, it is permitted to move an object within four cubits, but no further.');">⁵</span>

והא א"ר אלעזר כי הוינן בבבל הוה אמרינן בי רב משמיה דרב אמרו אין מטלטלין בו אלא בד' אמות והני דבי שמואל תנו אין להן אלא גגן

But, surely, R'Eleazar related, 'when we were in Babylon we used to teach as follows:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'we were saying'.');">⁶</span> The School of Rab in the name of Rab ruled: Objects on a roof<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., in it .');">⁷</span> may be moved only within four cubits, whereas those of the school of Samuel learned,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A Baraitha.');">⁸</span>

מאי אין להן אלא גגן לאו דשרו לטלטולי בכוליה ומי אלימא ממתני' דאוקימנא שלא יטלטל שתי אמות בגג זה ושתי אמות בגג זה ה"נ ב' אמות בגג זה וב' אמות בגג זה

Householders have only the use of their roofs'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'they have only their roof'.');">⁹</span> Now what could be the meaning of the expression ,'have only the use of their roofs'? Is it not that they are permitted to move objects about throughout its area?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' How then is Rab's view to be reconciled with the implication of this Baraitha?');">¹⁰</span>

אמר רב יוסף לא שמיע לי הא שמעתא א"ל אביי את אמרת ניהלן ואהא אמרת ניהלן גג גדול הסמוך לקטן הגדול מותר והקטן אסור

- Has this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Baraitha cited by the school of Samuel.');">¹¹</span> then more force than our Mishnah? As we have explained this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Our MISHNAH:');">¹²</span>

ואמרת לן עלה אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל לא שנו אלא שיש דיורין על זה ודיורין על זה דהויא לה הא דקטן מחיצה נדרסת

to mean, 'that one must not move an object along two cubits on one roof and along another two cubits on an adjacent roof', so we might also explain this:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Baraitha cited by the school of Samuel.');">¹¹</span> Two cubits on one roof and two cubits on the other.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Within the same roof, however, it is permitted to move an object within four cubits, but no further.');">¹³</span> R'Joseph<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who after a serious illness had lost his memory.');">¹⁴</span>

אבל אין דיורין על זה ועל זה שניהן מותרין

observed: I have not heard of this ruling.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of Samuel, that though the walls cannot be seen from the roof the principle of upward extension is nevertheless upheld.');">¹⁵</span> Said Abaye to him, 'You yourself told it to us, and it was in connection with the following that you told it to us: If a big roof was adjacent to a smaller one,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The bigger roof projecting on both sides of the smaller.');">¹⁶</span> the use of the bigger one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the movement of objects by the occupiers of the house below.');">¹⁷</span>

א"ל אנא הכי אמרי לכו ל"ש אלא שיש מחיצה על זה ומחיצה על זה דגדול מישתרי בגיפופי וקטן נפרץ במלואו אבל אין מחיצה לא על זה ולא על זה שניהן אסורין

is<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even according to Rab's view.');">¹⁸</span> permitted,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since three of its sides (cf. Supra n. 16) are detached and defined and the principle of upward extension may well be applied to them, while, on its fourth side, the part which is joined to the smaller roof may be regarded as a doorway and the two sections projecting on either side may be deemed to be extending upwards and forming a kind of railings or side-posts to the two sides of the doorway. The two roofs thus assume the character of two courtyards with a door between them where the smaller one imposes no restrictions on the bigger.');">¹⁹</span> and the use of the smaller one is forbidden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Being exposed to the extent of the entire length of one of its sides to the bigger roof that side cannot be regarded as a door but as a breach, on account of which the people of the bigger roof (as in the case of a similar breach between a bigger, and smaller courtyard) impose restrictions on its use.');">²⁰</span>

והא דיורין אמרת לן אי אמרי לכו דיורין הכי אמרי לכו ל"ש אלא שיש מחיצה ראויה לדירה על זה ומחיצה ראויה לדירה על זה דגדול מישתרי בגיפופי וקטן נפרץ במלואו

And it was in connection with this that you told us: Rab Judah in the name of Samuel stated: They learned this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the movement of objects is forbidden on the smaller roof.');">²¹</span> only in the case where there were dwellers on the one as well as on the other<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And these freely walked across from their own roof to that of their neighbours.');">²²</span> so that the imaginary partition of the smaller roof<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The presumed upward extension of the wall supporting it.');">²³</span>

אבל יש מחיצה ראויה לדירה על הגדול ואין ראויה לדירה על הקטן אפילו קטן שרי לבני גדול מאי טעמא כיון דלא עבוד מחיצה סלוקי סליקו נפשייהו מהכא

is one that is trodden upon,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And is consequently invalid.');">²⁴</span> but if there were no dwellers on the one as well as on the other the use of both roofs is permitted'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the walls, though indistinguishable to one standing on the roofs, are nevertheless deemed to extend upwards which is in fact the ruling of Samuel Supra.');">²⁵</span> 'I', the other replied: 'told you this: They learned this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the movement of objects is forbidden on the smaller roof.');">²¹</span>

כהא דאמר רב נחמן עשה סולם קבוע לגגו הותר בכל הגגין כולן

only were there was a partition<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All round the roofs except where they adjoin one another.');">²⁶</span> on the one as well as on the other, since the use of the bigger roof is rendered permissible by the railings,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or 'side-posts', sc. the imaginary upward extensions of its projections on either side of the smaller roof (cf. Supra p. 622, n. 19) .');">²⁷</span> while [the use of the smaller one is forbidden since] it has a breach extending along its entire length, but if there was no partition either on the one or on the other, the use of both is forbidden'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The imaginary railings or side-posts being of no avail where no partitions exist with which to form a doorway.');">²⁸</span>

אמר אביי בנה עלייה על גבי ביתו ועשה לפניה דקה ארבע הותר בכל הגגין כולן

'But did you not speak to us of dwellers? ' - 'If I spoke to you of dwellers I must have said this: They learned this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the movement of objects is forbidden on the smaller roof.');">²¹</span> only where there was a partition that was suitable for a dwelling-place both on the one as well as on the other,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that both groups evidently intended to use their respective roofs as dwelling-places.');">²⁹</span> since the use of the bigger roof is rendered permissible by the railings<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra p. 622, n. 19 mut. mut.');">³⁰</span>

אמר רבא פעמים שהדקה לאיסור היכי דמי דעבידא להדי תרביצא דביתיה דאמר

while [the smaller one is forbidden, since] it has a breach along its full side, but if there was a partition suitable for a dwelling-place on the bigger roof and none that was fit for a dwelling-place on the smaller one, even the use of the smaller one is permitted to the people of the bigger. What is the reason? As they made no partition<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And thus indicated that they have no intention of living on their roof.');">³¹</span> they have entirely withdrawn themselves from it, [the principle here being the same] as that enunciated by R'Nahman: If a person fixed a permanent ladder to his roof, he is permitted to use all the roofs'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even according to the SAGES. Since the other residents who fixed no ladders have evidently decided to make no use of their roofs the man who did fix one has all their roofs at his disposal and they are, therefore, deemed to form one single domain with his own roof.');">³²</span> Abaye ruled: If a man built an upper storey on his house,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By surrounding all his roof with walls.');">³³</span> and constructed in front of it a small door of four handbreadths<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That opened towards the other roofs (Rashi) . Cf. however, Tosaf. a.l.');">³⁴</span> he is thereby permitted to use all the roofs<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. supra n. 2 mut. mut.');">³⁵</span> Raba observed: The small door is sometimes a cause of restrictions<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the other roofs may not be used even according to R. Meir who holds that ALL THE ROOFS OF A TOWN CONSTITUTE A SINGLE DOMAIN.');">³⁶</span> How is this to be imagined? When he made it to open towards his house garden,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' While the wall facing the roofs remained closed.');">³⁷</span> since it might well be presumed