Eruvin 202

אלא אם כן עשה מחיצה גבוהה עשרה טפחים דברי רבי מאיר אמרו לו מעשה בשוק של פטמים שהיה בירושלים שהיו נועלין ומניחין את המפתח בחלון שעל גבי הפתח רבי יוסי אומר שוק של צמרים היה:

UNLESS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the latter case.');">¹</span> HE HAS MADE A PARTITION TEN HANDBREADTHS HIGH;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To separate his position from the rest of the karmelith.');">²</span> SO R'MEIR'THEY SAID TO HIM: IT ONCE HAPPENED AT THE BUTCHERS'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. relevant notes on our Mishnah supra.');">³</span>

תנו רבנן פתחי שערי גינה בזמן שיש להן בית שער מבפנים פותח ונועל מבפנים מבחוץ פותח ונועל מבחוץ מכאן ומכאן פותח ונועל כאן וכאן אין להן לא לכאן ולא לכאן אסורין כאן וכאן

MARKET IN JERUSALEM THAT THEY USED TO LOCK THEIR SHOPS AND LEFT THE KEY IN A WINDOW ABOVE A SHOP DOOR'R'JOSE SAID: IT WAS THE WOOL-DEALERS' MARKET. Our Rabbis taught: The doors of garden<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 701, n. 17.');">⁴</span> gateways, whenever they have a gate-house<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Such a house having the status of a private domain.');">⁵</span>

וכן חנויות הפתוחות לרה"ר בזמן שהמנעול למטה מעשרה מביא מפתח מערב שבת ומניחו באיסקופה למחר פותח ונועל ומחזירו לאיסקופה

on their inner side, may be opened and closed from within;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the lock which is four handbreadths wide and ten handbreadths from the ground has the same status of a private domain as the gate house.');">⁶</span> if they have it on their outer side;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That faces the public domain.');">⁷</span> they may be opened and shut from without;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra n. 11.');">⁸</span>

ובזמן שהמנעול למעלה מעשרה מביא מפתח מערב שבת ומניחו במנעול למחר פותח ונועל ומחזירו למקומו דברי רבי מאיר

if they have one on either side they may be opened and shut from either side;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra n. 11.');">⁸</span> if they have none on either side they may be neither opened nor shut from either side.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even though the key was within the lock. They may not be opened from within as a preventive measure against the possibility of taking the key from the private domain (the lock) into a karmelith (the garden) add they may not be opened from without as a preventive measure against the possibility of taking the key from the private domain into the public domain.');">⁹</span> The same law applies also to shops that open into a public domain:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is discussed infra.');">¹⁰</span>

וחכמים אומרים אף בזמן שהמנעול למעלה מעשרה טפחים מביא מפתח מערב שבת ומניחו באיסקופה למחר פותח ונועל ומחזירו למקומו או בחלון שעל גבי הפתח

Whenever the lock is below ten handbreadths from the ground<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that it has the status of a karmelith.');">¹¹</span> the key may be brought on the Sabbath eve and placed on the threshold,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is also a karmelith.');">¹²</span> and on the following day the door may be opened and duly closed when the key may again be placed on the threshold;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is permitted, since the man, though standing in the public domain (cf. Bah a.I.) only moves the key from one karmelith into another.');">¹³</span>

אם יש בחלון ארבעה על ארבעה אסור מפני שהוא כמוציא מרשות לרשות

and whenever the lock is above ten handbreadths from the ground.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In consequence of which, since it is also four handbreadths wide, it has the status of a private domain.');">¹⁴</span> the key must be brought on the Sabbath eve and inserted in the lock, and on the following day It may be opened and shut and returned to its place;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the top of the lock which is also a private domain. It may not be placed on the threshold Since its removal from the lock to it would be tantamount to a transfer from a private domain into a karmelith.');">¹⁵</span> so R'Meir.

מדקאמר וכן חנויות מכלל דבאיסקופת כרמלית עסקינן האי מנעול היכי דמי אי דלית ביה ארבעה מקום פטור הוא

The Sages, however, ruled: Even when the lock is above ten handbreadths from the ground the key may be brought on the Sabbath eve and placed on the threshold, and on the following day the door may be opened and shut and the key may be returned to its place<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the threshold. The reason is discussed infra.');">¹⁶</span> or it may be put on a window<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whose sin is less than four handbreadths wide and which is, therefore, regarded as a free domain though it is ten handbreadths high.');">¹⁷</span> above the door.

ואי אית ביה ארבעה בהא לימא רבנן אף בזמן שהמנעול למעלה מי' מביא מפתח מע"ש ומניחו באיסקופה למחר פותח ונועל בו ומחזירו לאיסקופה או לחלון שעל גבי הפתח והא קא מטלטל מכרמלית לרה"י

If the window, however, had an area of four handbreadths by four this is forbidden, since the transfer of the key would constitute a transfer from one domain into another.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the threshold which is a karmelith to the window which is a' private domain. Such transfer is forbidden despite the intervening free domain of the lock through which the key had passed on Its way between the other two domains.');">¹⁸</span> Since it was stated: 'And the same law applies also to shops It may be concluded that we are dealing with a threshold<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Belonging to the shops.');">¹⁹</span> that had the status of a karmelith;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If it had not been a karmelith hut a public domain it would have been forbidden to transfer the key from it into the lock.');">²⁰</span>

אמר אביי לעולם דאין בו ארבעה ויש בו לחוק ולהשלימו לד'

but, then, how are we to imagine the conditions of the lock? if it is one that was less than four handbreadths in width it would surely be a free domain;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And R. Meir would not have regarded it as a private domain even where it was above ten handbreadths from the ground.');">²¹</span> and if It was four handbreadths wide, would the Rabbis in such a case<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The lock being a private domain.');">²²</span>

ובהא פליגי דר"מ סבר חוקקין להשלים ורבנן סברי אין חוקקין להשלים

have ruled: 'Even when the lock is above ten handbreadths from the ground the key may be brought on the Sabbath eve and placed on the threshold and on the following day the door may be opened and shut and the key may be returned to its place<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So in the original Supra. Cur. edd. a.l. 'to the threshold'.');">²³</span> or it may be put on a window above the door', seeing that thereby one is moving an object iron a karmelith into a private domain?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of course not.');">²⁴</span> - Abaye replied: The fact is that the lock was less than four handbreadths but there was sufficient space [in the door]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On a level with the top of the lock.');">²⁵</span>

אמר רב ביבי בר אביי ש"מ מהא מתניתא תלת ש"מ חוקקין להשלים וש"מ הדר ביה ר"מ משערי גינה

in which to cut and make it up to four handbreadths; and it is this principle on which they<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Meir and the Rabbis.');">²⁶</span> differ: R'Meir holds the opinion that the door is regarded as virtually cut for the purpose o completing the prescribed width,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'cut to complete'; v. supra 11b and notes.');">²⁷</span> while the Rabbis maintain that it is not regarded as cut for the purpose of completing the prescribed width.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The lock, therefore, has the status of a free domain.');">²⁸</span>

ושמעת מינה מדרבנן איתא לדרב דימי דכי אתא רב דימי א"ר יוחנן מקום שאין בו ארבעה על ארבעה מותר לבני רשות הרבים ולבני רשות היחיד לכתף עליו ובלבד שלא יחליפו:

Said R'Bibi B'Abaye: From this Baraitha you may deduce three things: You may deduce that virtual cutting for the purpose of completing a prescribed width may be assumed; you may deduce that R'Meir<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who permitted a man standing on a threshold which was a karmelith to take a key from a level above ten handbreadths to a lock of a similar level; and did not provide against the possibility of the man's taking the key into the karmelith in which he stood.');">²⁹</span> withdrew from his view on the gates of a garden;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 101a where, according to Raba's explanation, R. Meir forbade a man who stood in a karmelith to open a door in a private domain as a preventive measure against the possibility of his taking the key into the karmelith.');">³⁰</span> and from the ruling of the Rabbis<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to which, if the window-sill had an area of four handbreadths by four, it is forbidden to take a key from the threshold (a karmelith) to the lock (a free domain) and from the lock to the window (a private domain) because the transfer from one domain to another is forbidden even via a free domain.');">³¹</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> נגר שיש בראשו גלוסטרא רבי אליעזר אוסר ורבי יוסי מתיר

you may also deduce that R'Dimi's view is tenable.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there is'.');">³²</span> For when R'Dimi came<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From Palestine to Babylon.');">³³</span> he reported in the name of R'Johanan: In a place whose area is less than four handbreadths by four<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. a free domain.');">³⁴</span>

אמר רבי אליעזר מעשה בכנסת שבטבריא שהיו נוהגין בו היתר עד שבא רבן גמליאל והזקנים ואסרו להן ר' יוסי אומר איסור נהגו בו ובא רבן גמליאל והזקנים והתירו להן:

it is permissible for both the people of the public domain and those of the private domain to re-arrange their burdens, provided only that they do not exchange them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because it is forbidden to transfer an object from a public domain into a private one or vice versa even via a free domain (cf. supra n. 7) .');">³⁵</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>IF A BOLT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Used for securing a door.');">³⁶</span> HAD A KNOB AT ONE END,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'at whose head there was'.');">³⁷</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> בניטל באגדו כ"ע לא פליגי כי פליגי

R'ELIEZER FORBIDS IT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though it can be used as a pestle for crushing spices.');">³⁸</span> [TO BE MOVED]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath; unless it was tied to a cord and suspended from the door (v. Gemara infra) .');">³⁹</span> BUT R'JOSE PERMITS IT.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because (cf. .supra n. 1) it may be treated as a vessel which may well be moved about on the Sabbath.');">⁴⁰</span> SAID R'ELIEZER: IN A SYNAGOGUE AT TIBERIAS THE COMMON PRACTICE, IN FACT, WAS TO TREAT IT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The movement of the bolt with the knob.');">⁴¹</span> AS PERMITTED, UNTIL R'GAMALIEL AND THE ELDERS CAME AND FORBADE IT TO THEM. R'JOSE RETORTED: THEY TREATED IT AS FORBIDDEN, BUT R'GAMALIEL AND THE ELDERS CAME AND PERMITTED IT TO THEM. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Where it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The BOLT.');">⁴²</span> can be lifted up by the cord to which It was tied,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'by its binding', sc. the cord by which it is fastened to the door is strong enough to hold it even when it is lifted by it.');">⁴³</span> no one disputes that it is permissible to move it].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it is obvious to all that the bolt formed a part of the door's equipment and its insertion into its socket constitutes no 'building'.');">⁴⁴</span> They only differ