Eruvin 203

בשאינו ניטל באיגדו דמר סבר כיון דיש בראשו גלוסטרא תורת כלי עליו ומר סבר כיון דאינו ניטל באיגדו לא:

where it cannot be lifted up by the cord to which it was tied in which case one Master<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 1-. Jose.');">¹</span> holds that, since there was a knob at one end,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that it can be used as a pestle.');">²</span> it has the status of a vessel,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which may be moved on the Sabbath.');">³</span> while the other Master<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Eliezer');">⁴</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> נגר הנגרר נועלין בו במקדש אבל לא במדינה

holds that, since it cannot be lifted up by the cord to which it was tied,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In consequence of which it must be regarded as disconnected from the door.');">⁵</span> it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Like a bolt that dragged along the ground (v. following Mishnah) .');">⁶</span> may not [be moved].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since its insertion in the sockets has the appearance of 'building' of the Sabbath.');">⁷</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>WITH A BOLT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which had no knob.');">⁸</span>

והמונח כאן וכאן אסור ר' יהודה אומר המונח מותר במקדש והנגרר במדינה:

THAT DRAGS ALONG THE GROUND<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. one that was not suspended from the door but was tied to a cord long enough to enable it to drag on the floor.');">⁹</span> IT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the prohibition to move it is only Rabbinical. Pentateuchally, as the cord forms a connecting link with the door, it is regarded as belonging to the door's equipment.');">¹⁰</span> IS PERMITTED TO SHUT UP [A DOOR] IN THE TEMPLE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where Rabbinical Sabbath restrictions do not apply.');">¹¹</span> BUT NOT IN THE COUNTRY;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Anywhere outside the Temple where Rabbinical restrictions are in force. A bolt that drags on the ground seems to have no connection with the door, and its insertion in the threshold sockets would have the appearance of 'building' on the Sabbath.');">¹²</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנו רבנן איזהו נגר הנגרר שנועלין במקדש אבל לא במדינה כל שקשור ותלוי וראשו אחד מגיע לארץ רבי יהודה אומר זה אף במדינה מותר אלא איזהו נגר שנועלין במקדש אבל לא במדינה כל שאינו לא קשור ולא תלוי ושומטו ומניחו בקרן זוית

BUT WITH ONE THAT RESTS ON THE GROUND<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. one that is completely detached from the door.');">¹³</span> THIS IS FORBIDDEN EVERYWHERE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'here and here', since its insertion in the sockets of the threshold may be regarded as actual 'building'.');">¹⁴</span> R'JUDAH RULED: WITH ONE THAT RESTS ON THE GROUND<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since elsewhere, in his opinion, its insertion in the threshold socket is regarded as building according to Rabbinical law only.');">¹⁵</span> THIS IS PERMITTED, IN THE TEMPLE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where Rabbinical Sabbath restrictions do not apply.');">¹⁶</span>

אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל הלכה כרבי יהודה בנגרר

BUT WITH ONE THAT DRAGS ON THE GROUND THIS IS ALSO PERMITTED, IN THE COUNTRY.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the cord by which it is fastened to the door provides sufficient indication that it forms part of the door's equipment and the question of building does not, therefore, arise.');">¹⁷</span> <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Our Rabbis taught: What is the definition of 'a bolt that drags' wherewith it is permitted to shut up [a door] in the Temple but not in the country? One<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'all'.');">¹⁸</span> that is fastened<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To the door, by a cord.');">¹⁹</span>

אמר רבא והוא שקשור בדלת איני והא רבי טבלא איקלע למחוזא וחזא לההוא דהוה תלי בעיברא דדשא ולא אמר להו ולא מידי ההוא ניטל באיגדו הוה

and suspended and whose one end touches the ground. R'Judah ruled: With such a bolt<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it is fastened to the door, though not actually suspended from it.');">²⁰</span> it is permitted [to shut up a door] even in the country; but what kind of bolt is it wherewith it is permitted [to shut up] in the Temple and not in the country? One that is neither fastened<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To the door, by a cord.');">¹⁹</span>

רב אויא איקלע לנהרדעא חזייה לההוא גברא דהוה קא קטיר בגמי אמר דין לא נטרוק

nor suspended<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the door.');">²¹</span> but which is removed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the sockets.');">²²</span> and put away in a corner. Rab Judah citing Samuel ruled: The halachah is in agreement with R'Judah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That it is permitted to shut up a door even in the country.');">²³</span>

בעי רבי זירא נקמז מהו אמר רב יוסף מאי תיבעי ליה לא שמיע ליה הא דתניא נשמט אסור נקמז מותר ורבי יהודה אמר נקמז אף על פי שאינו נשמט אסור

in the case of a bolt that drags along the ground.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not in the case of one that is completely detached from the door which R. Judah permitted to use in the Temple. The insertion of a detached bolt in the sockets is regarded as actual building which, however small in extent, is Pentateuchally forbidden.');">²⁴</span> Raba observed: This applies only where it is fastened<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By a cord.');">²⁵</span> to the door.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the connection between the door and the bolt is evident; but not where it was only tied to a door-post.');">²⁶</span> But could this be right, seeing that R'Tabla, when he visited Mahuza, saw a bolt that was suspended from the side of a doorway and yet made no remark whatsoever on the matter? - That was one that could be lifted up by the cord to which it was tied.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'by its binding', sc. the cord was a strong one and the connection between the bolt and the door was unmistakable. The question of building did not, therefore, arise.');">²⁷</span>

ואמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל הלכה כרבי יהודה בנקמז וטעמא מאי אמר אביי משום דמיחזי כבונה

R'Iwya once visited Nehardea and observed that a certain man was fastening a bolt<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To a door.');">²⁸</span> with a piece of reed grass.' This', he remarked: 'must not shut up'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath. As reed grass is too frail to sustain the weight of a bolt it is regarded as non-existent, and the bolt must be deemed to be completely detached from the door.');">²⁹</span> R'Zera enquired: What is the ruling where the bolt was pressed into the ground?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. it did not merely rest in a socket in the threshold but passed through it down into the ground under it. Is the insertion of the bolt in such a manner, it is asked, regarded as building?');">³⁰</span>

בעא מיניה רב נחומי בר זכריה מאביי עשה לו בית יד מהו אמר ליה בוכנא קאמרת איתמר אמר רב נחומי בר אדא עשה לו בית יד מותר

- What question is this, retorted R'Joseph, has he not heard what was taught: 'If it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The door bolt.');">³¹</span> was detached<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the door, sc. if the cord whereby it was fastened to it was broken and the bolt, when not in use, now rests in a corner of the room.');">³²</span> it is forbidden<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To secure the door with it.');">³³</span> but if it was pressed into the ground it is permitted; and R'Judah ruled: If it was pressed into the ground, even though it was not detached, it is forbidden', and in connection with this 'Rab Judah citing Samuel ruled: The halachah is in agreement with R'Judah in the case where it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The door bolt.');">³¹</span>

ההוא שריתא דהוה בי רבי פדת דהוה מדלו לה בי עשרה ושדו לה אדשא ולא אמר להו ולא מידי אמר תורת כלי עליה

was pressed into the ground?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Anyone who heard of this could not, of course, have asked R. Zera's question which is here clearly solved.');">³⁴</span> But what is the reason?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For Rab Judah's ruling.');">³⁵</span> - Abaye replied: Because it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Insertion of a bolt through a socket in a threshold right into the ground.');">³⁶</span> has the appearance of building.

ההיא אסיתא דהות בי מר שמואל דהוה מחזקת אדריבא שרא מר שמואל למישדייה אדשא אמר תורת כלי עליה:

R'Nehumai B'Zechariah enquired of Abaye: What is the ruling where a handle was attached to the bolt?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'he made for it a house of the hand', at one of its ends; so that it assumed the shape of a mallet or club and, therefore, the character of a vessel. May such a bolt, it is asked, be moved on the Sabbath even where it was completely detached from the door?');">³⁷</span> - You, the other replied, speak now of a club.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which, being suitable as a pestle for crushing grain and spices, has undoubtedly the character of a vessel which may well be handled on the Sabbath.');">³⁸</span> It was stated: R'Nehumai B'Adda ruled: If a handle was attached to it the handling of the bolt] is permitted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. prev. n.');">³⁹</span> At the house of R'Pedath they had<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there was'.');">⁴⁰</span>

שלח ליה רמי בר יחזקאל לרב עמרם נימא לן מר מהלין מילי מעלייתא דאמרת לן משמיה דרב אסי בכיפי דארבא שלח ליה הכי אמר רב אסי הני כיפי דארבא בזמן שיש בהן טפח אי נמי אין בהן טפח ואין בין זה לזה שלשה למחר מביא מחצלת ופורס עליהן

a beam which ten men had to lift to fix it in position<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and they thrust it'.');">⁴¹</span> at the door, but he told them no word against this.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For fixing it in position on Sabbath.');">⁴²</span> it has,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Despite its huge size.');">⁴³</span> he observed.

מאי טעמא מוסיף על אהל עראי הוא ושפיר דמי

the character of a vessel,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it call be used as a bench.');">⁴⁴</span> At the house of Mar Samuel they had<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there was'.');">⁴⁰</span> a mortar of the capacity of an artaba,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A Persian and an Egyptian dry measure (Jast.) one containing fifteen se'ah (Rashi) .');">⁴⁵</span> and Mar Samuel allowed it to be fixed behind the door.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On Sabbath.');">⁴⁶</span>

הנהו דכרי דהוו ליה לרב הונא דביממא בעו טולא ובליליא בעו אוירא אתא לקמיה דרב

It has,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Despite its huge size.');">⁴³</span> he observed, the character of a vessel. Rami B'Ezekiel sent to R'Amram the following message: ' Win the Master tell us some of those excellent sayings that you once told us in the name of R'Assi in respect of the arches of a boat'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which serve as a framework for the canvas or other material used as a shelter against the sun or rain.');">⁴⁷</span> He sent word in reply: Thus said R'Assi, 'With reference to the arches of a boat, whenever they are a handbreadth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or more. Such a width constitutes an occasional tent.');">⁴⁸</span>

א"ל זיל כרוך בודייא ושייר בה טפח למחר פשטה ומוסיף על אהל עראי הוא ושפיר דמי

wide or, even when they are less than<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'or also, there is not in them'.');">⁴⁹</span> a handbreadth in width, provided there was no space of three handbreadths intervening between the one and the other,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the rule of labud may be applied.');">⁵⁰</span> it is permissible to bring a that on the morrow<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., on the Sabbath.');">⁵¹</span> and to Spread it over them -<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though the canvas, or whatever the material, constitutes a tent the construction of which on the Sabbath is forbidden.');">⁵²</span>

אמר רב משום רבי חייא וילון מותר לנטותו ומותר לפורקו בשבת

What is the reason? One is thereby merely adding to an occasional tent<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The arches.');">⁵³</span> which is perfectly legitimate.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'it is considered well or right'.');">⁵⁴</span> R'Huna possessed some rams that needed the shade in the daytime and the open air at night.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On a weekday this was easily arranged by spreading a mat on the top of the shed in the morning and by rolling it up in the evening; but on the Sabbath the question of tent building arose.');">⁵⁵</span>

כילת חתנים מותר לפורקה ולנטותה בשבת אמר רב ששת בריה דרב אידי לא אמרן אלא שאין בגגה טפח אבל יש בגגה טפח אסור

When he came to Rab<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To consult him on the procedure to be adopted on the Sabbath.');">⁵⁶</span> the latter told him, 'Go and roll up the reed mat<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which was unrolled during the Sabbath eve as on all other weekdays.');">⁵⁷</span> but leave one handbreadth rolled,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' so that an occasional tent remains.');">⁵⁸</span> and on the morrow<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., on the Sabbath.');">⁵¹</span>

וכי אין בגגה טפח לא אמרן אלא שאין בפחות משלשה סמוך לגג טפח אבל יש בפחות משלשה סמוך לגג טפח אסור

spread it all out and you will be merely adding to all occasional tent,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. prev. n.');">⁵⁹</span> and that is perfectly legitimate. Rab citing R'Hiyya ruled: It is permissible to draw, and to withdraw a certain on the Sabbath.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Such an act is regarded neither as the building nor as the demolishing of a 'tent', since the curtain does not serve the purpose of a permanent wall but merely that of a door which may well be opened and closed On the Sabbath.');">⁶⁰</span> It is also permissible to take down or to put up a bridal<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'bridegrooms'.');">⁶¹</span>

וכי אין בפחות משלשה סמוך לגג טפח נמי לא אמרן אלא שאין

canopy<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A sort of curtain hung up above the bed in a slanting position.');">⁶²</span> on the Sabbath.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reason follows.');">⁶³</span> Said R'Shesheth the son of R'Idi: This<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The permissibility.');">⁶⁴</span> applies only where the top was less than a handbreadth in width<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In which case (cf. prev. n.) the canopy cannot be regarded as a tent.');">⁶⁵</span> but where the top was one handbreadth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or more.');">⁶⁶</span> wide this is forbidden;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it is regarded as a valid tent the construction and demolition of which on the Sabbath is forbidden.');">⁶⁷</span> and even when the top was less than one handbreadth wide this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The permissibility.');">⁶⁴</span> is applicable only if its width<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the horizontal distance between the slope of the curtain and its perpendicular height at the given point.');">⁶⁸</span> within<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'within less than three near the roof.');">⁶⁹</span> three handbreadths from the top<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'within less than three near the roof.');">⁶⁹</span> was less that<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there is not'.');">⁷⁰</span> a handbreadth but if within<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'within less than three near the roof.');">⁶⁹</span> three handbreadths from the top it was one handbreadth wide this is forbidden;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it is regarded as a valid tent the construction and demolition of which on the Sabbath is forbidden.');">⁶⁷</span> and, even where it was less than<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there is not'.');">⁷⁰</span> a handbreadth wide within three handbreadths from the top.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'within less than three near the roof.');">⁶⁹</span> this applies only where