Eruvin 32

אתאן לרבן שמעון בן גמליאל דאמר פחות מארבעה לבוד דאי רבנן משלשה ועד ארבעה שלשה וארבעה חד הוא

Does not this represent the view of<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'we came to'.');">¹</span> R'Simeon B'Gamaliel who laid down that the law of labud is applied [to a gap that is] less than four handbreadths?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By making a distinction between four and less than four, in which latter case where the gap exceeds the standing part it is forbidden to sow even over against the standing part, whereas in the former it is permitted - the Mishnah presumably follows R. Simeon b. Gamaliel (Rashi) .');">²</span> For if [it represents the view of] the Rabbis [how could it be said], 'from three to four' where three and four are subject to the same law?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'is one'.');">³</span>

אמר אביי מדרישא רבנן סיפא נמי רבנן ומודו רבנן דכל למישרא כנגדו אי איכא מקום ארבעה חשיב ואי לא לא חשיב

Abaye replied: Since the first clause [is the view of] the Rabbis the final clause also [must be that of] the Rabbis, but<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As to the objection raised.');">⁴</span> the Rabbis admit that wherever [it is a question of] permitting [to sow corn] over against [a standing part], if it is four handbreadths wide it is deemed [a partition],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Against which corn may be sown.');">⁵</span> but not otherwise.

רבא אמר מדסיפא רבן שמעון בן גמליאל רישא נמי רבן שמעון בן גמליאל וכי אמר רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אמרי' לבוד הנ"מ למעלה אבל למטה הוה ליה כמחיצה שהגדיים בוקעין בה לא אמרי' לבוד

Raba replied: As the final clause is the view of R'Simeon B'Gamaliel the first clause also must be that of R'Simeon B'Gamaliel, but<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As to the objection raised.');">⁴</span> it is only to [ gap] above<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As in the case of a cross-beam,.');">⁶</span> that he applied the rule of labud but in the case of one below it is like a fence which kids can break through [to which the rule of] labud is not applied.

תא שמע דפנות הללו שרובן פתחים וחלונות מותר ובלבד שיהא עומד מרובה על הפרוץ

Come and hear: [The space enclosed by] such walls as consist mostly of floors and windows is permitted, provided the standing parts exceed the gaps.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 11a. icura');">⁷</span> Now, is it possible to imagine [that the reading was] 'mostly'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' , lit., 'most of which'; obviously not, since the standing parts of such walls cannot possibly exceed the gaps. vchra');">⁸</span> [The reading] then [must obviously be] '[The space enclosed by walls] in which many<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' , lit., 'that he made many'.');">⁹</span>

שרובן סלקא דעתך אלא שריבה בהן פתחים וחלונות מותר ובלבד שיהא עומד מרובה על הפרוץ

doors and windows were made is permitted, provided the standing parts exceed the gaps'. Thus it follows [that if the standing parts] equal the gaps it is forbidden. [Is not this then] an objection against R'Papa? - This is indeed an objection.

הא כפרוץ אסור תיובתא דרב פפא תיובתא והילכתא כוותיה דרב פפא

The law, however, is in agreement with R'Papa.' An objection' and 'the law'!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Can the law be in agreement with the view of R. Papa when an objection has been raised against it?');">¹⁰</span> - Yes.

תיובתא והילכתא אין משום דדייקא מתני' כוותיה דתנן לא יהיו פרצות יתירות על הבנין הא כבנין מותר:

Because the inference from our Mishnah is in agreement with his view. For we learned: THE GAPS DO NOT EXCEED THE BUILT-UP PARTS, from which it follows [that if they are] equal to the built-up parts it is permitted. <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>[A CARAVAN IN CAMP]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Mishnah supra 15b of which this is a continuation.');">¹¹</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> מקיפין שלשה חבלים זה למעלה מזה וזה למעלה מזה ובלבד שלא יהו בין חבל לחבירו שלשה טפחים

MAY<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In order that it may be permitted to move objects within it on the Sabbath.');">¹²</span> BE SURROUNDED BY THREE ROPES,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Attached to reeds, or any stakes.');">¹³</span> THE ONE ABOVE THE OTHER, PROVIDED [THE SPACE] BETWEEN THE ONE ROPE AND THE OTHER<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And between the lowest one and the ground.');">¹⁴</span>

שיעור חבלים ועוביין יתר על טפח כדי שיהא הכל עשרה טפחים

IS LESS THAN THREE HANDBREADTHS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A gap of less than three handbreadths being regarded by the rule of labud (v. Glos.) as non-existent, the height of the rope barrier is thus virtually nine handbreadths minus three small fractions (v. following two notes and text) .');">¹⁵</span> THE SIZE OF THE ROPES [MUST BE SUCH] THAT THEIR [TOTAL] THICKNESS SHALL BE MORE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By the three fractions mentioned in the previous note ad fin.');">¹⁶</span> THAN A HANDBREADTH, SO THAT THE TOTAL HEIGHT<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the rope barrier.');">¹⁷</span>

מקיפין בקנים ובלבד שלא יהא בין קנה לחבירו שלשה טפחים

SHALL BE TEN HANDBREADTHS. [THE CAMP]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra note 1.');">¹⁸</span> MAY ALSO BE SURROUNDED<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra note 2.');">¹⁹</span>

בשיירא דברו דברי ר' יהודה וחכמים אומרים לא דברו בשיירא אלא בהווה

BY REEDS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Driven in the ground in a vertical position.');">²⁰</span> PROVIDED THERE IS NO [GAP OF] THREE HANDBREADTHS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the rule of labud can be applied.');">²¹</span> BETWEEN ANY TWO REEDS.

כל מחיצה שאינה של שתי ושל ערב אינה מחיצה דברי רבי יוסי בר' יהודה וחכמים אומרים אחד משני דברים:

[IN LAYING DOWN THESE RULINGS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That a barrier of ropes drawn horizontally or a fence of reeds driven in the ground vertically is a valid enclosure in respect of the Sabbath laws.');">²²</span> THE RABBIS] SPOKE ONLY OF A CARAVAN.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In whose case the Rabbis relaxed the law, but not of an individual whose barrier or fence must be provided with both horizontal and vertical');">²³</span> THIS IS THE VIEW OF R'JUDAH; BUT THE SAGES MAINTAIN THAT THEY SPOKE OF A CARAVAN ONLY BECAUSE [IN ITS CASE THIS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The putting up of a barrier round the camp.');">²⁴</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אמר רב המנונא אמר רב הרי אמרו עומד מרובה על הפרוץ בשתי הוי עומד בעי רב המנונא בערב מאי

IS] A USUAL OCCURRENCE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But the same laws apply also to camps of individuals.');">²⁵</span> ANY PARTITION THAT IS NOT [MADE UP OF] BOTH VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'warp and woof'.');">²⁶</span> [STAKES] IS NO VALID PARTITION;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even in the case of a caravan.');">²⁷</span>

אמר אביי תא שמע שיעור חבלים ועוביין יתר על טפח שיהו הכל עשרה טפחים ואי איתא למה לי יתר על טפח

SO R'JOSE SON OF R'JUDAH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who differs from his father's view supra.');">²⁸</span> BUT THE SAGES RULED: ONE OF THE TWO<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Either vertical or horizontal stakes or poles and the like.');">²⁹</span> [IS ENOUGH].

ליעביד פחות משלשה וחבל משהו פחות משלשה וחבל משהו פחות מארבעה וחבל משהו

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Said R'Hamnuna in the name of Rab: Behold the Rabbis have laid down<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Mishnah supra 15b.');">³⁰</span> that if the standing parts [of a partition made up] of vertical [stakes]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the like. The trappings of cattle (v. previous note) are usually arranged in a vertical position.');">³¹</span> exceed the gaps [the fence] is valid.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'a standing'.');">³²</span>

ותיסברא האי פחות מארבעה היכא מוקים ליה אי מוקים ליה תתאי הוה ליה כמחיצה שהגדיים בוקעין בה

What, however, asked R'Hamnuna, is the ruling in respect of horizontally [drawn ropes]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Is such a barrier valid where it contains gaps wider than three handbreadths to which, unlike the rope barrier spoken of in our Mishnah, the rule of labud cannot be applied?');">³³</span> - Abaye replied: Come and hear: THE SIZE OF THE ROPES [MUST BE SUCH] THAT THEIR TOTAL THICKNESS SHALL BE MORE THAN A HANDBREADTH, SO THAT THE TOTAL HEIGHT SHALL BE TEN HANDBREADTHS. Now if [such a barrier]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. previous note.');">³⁴</span>

אי מוקים ליה עילאי אתי אוירא דהאי גיסא ודהאי גיסא ומבטל ליה

were valid<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there is'.');">³⁵</span> what need was there<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'wherefore to me'.');">³⁶</span> [for the TOTAL THICKNESS to be] MORE THAN A HANDBREADTH seeing that one could leave<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'let him make'.');">³⁷</span>

אי מוקים ליה במיצעי הוה ליה עומד מרובה על הפרוץ משתי רוחות שמעת מינה עומד מרובה על הפרוץ משתי רוחות הוי עומד

[a distance slightly] less than three handbreadths and [stretch] a rope of any [thickness, and again leave a distance slightly] less than three handbreadths, and [stretch] a rope of any [thickness, and then again leave a distance slightly] less than four handbreadths and [stretch] a rope of any thickness?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Two of the gaps, each being less than three handbreadths, would by the law of labud be deemed closed and this would, together with the ropes, provide a 'standing part' of six handbreadths that exceeds the third gap of four handbreadths. As this, however, was not permitted it may be concluded that in the case of horizontally drawn ropes, the barrier is invalid even where the standing parts exceed the gaps.');">³⁸</span> - But how do you understand this: Where could one leave<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'set', 'place'.');">³⁹</span> less than four [handbreadths of distance]?

אלא רב המנונא הכי קא מיבעיא ליה כגון דאייתי מחצלת דהוי ז' ומשהו וחקק בה ג' ושבק בה ד' ומשהו ואוקמיה בפחות מג'

Were it to be left<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'set', 'place'.');">³⁹</span> below,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Between the lowest rope and the ground.');">⁴⁰</span> [the barrier] would be like a partition which kids can break through;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which, as a suspended partition, is invalid even if its properly standing parts are ten handbreadths high.');">⁴¹</span>

רב אשי אמר מחיצה תלויה איבעיא ליה כדבעא מיניה רבי טבלא מרב מחיצה תלויה מהו שתתיר בחורבה א"ל אין מחיצה תלויה מתרת אלא במים קל הוא שהקלו חכמים במים:

were it to be left<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'set', 'place'.');">⁴²</span> above,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The other gaps; i.e., between the second rope from the ground and the topmost one.');">⁴³</span> the [unlimited] air space on the one side [of the rope]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Its upper side.');">⁴⁴</span>

מקיפין בקנים וכו': בשירא אין ביחיד לא והתניא ר' יהודה אומר כל מחיצות שבת לא התירו ליחיד יותר מבית סאתים

and that on the other<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The space between this rope and the middle one.');">⁴⁵</span> would join<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'come'.');">⁴⁶</span> to annul its validity; and if one were to leave it in the middle,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Above the lowest, and under the middle rope.');">⁴⁷</span>

כדאמר רב נחמן ואיתימא רב ביבי בר אביי לא נצרכא אלא ליתן להן כל צרכן ה"נ ליתן להן כל צרכן

the [virtually] standing parts<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the spaces of three handbreadths each below it and above it to which the rule of labud is applied.');">⁴⁸</span> would be exceeding the gaps [only by combining the parts]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the spaces of three handbreadths each below it and above it to which the rule of labud is applied.');">⁴⁸</span> on its two sides;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which, is not admissible.');">⁴⁹</span>

היכא איתמר דרב נחמן ואיתימא רב ביבי בר אביי אהא דתנן כל מחיצה שאינה של שתי וערב אינה מחיצה דברי ר' יוסי בר' יהודה

or would you infer from this that where the standing parts [of a partition or barrier] exceed a gap in it [only by combining those] on its two sides they are nevertheless valid?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'is a standing', but this is contrary to the law.');">⁵⁰</span> But<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The question in the present form being untenable.');">⁵¹</span> it is this that R'Hamnuna asked: [What is the ruling where one] brought for instance a mat that measured seven handbreadths and a fraction, and cut out in it [a hole of] three handbreadths leaving [untouched the remaining] four handbreadths<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On one side of the gap.');">⁵²</span>

ומי א"ר יוסי בר' יהודה הכי והתניא אחד יחיד ואחד שיירא לחבלים ומה בין יחיד לשיירא יחיד נותנין לו בית סאתים שנים נותנין להם בית סאתים ג' נעשו שיירא ונותנין להן בית שש דברי ר' יוסי ברבי יהודה

and fraction,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On its other side.');">⁵³</span> and put it up within [a distance of] less than three handbreadths [from the ground]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With the fractional section below the gap in the mat and the four handbreadths one above it. In such a case the lowest gap (the distance between the ground and the fractional section of the mat) is regarded as labud (v. Glos.) while the three handbreadths gap in the mat is exceeded by the remaining four handbreadths of the mat all of which are on one side of the gap. The air spaces on the two sides of this section cannot annul its validity since it exceeds at least the air space on the one side below it.');">⁵⁴</span> R'Ashi said: His<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Hamnuna's.');">⁵⁵</span>

וחכמים אומרים אחד יחיד ואחד שיירא נותנין להן כל צרכן ובלבד שלא יהא בית סאתים פנוי

enquiry related to a suspended partition,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A mat measuring ten handbreadths, for instance, that was suspended at a distance of more than three, and less than ten handbreadths from the ground. Does the 'standing part' (the mat) , R. Hamnuna asked, annul the distance between it and the ground because it exceeds it or not?');">⁵⁶</span> as did that which R'Tabla addressed to Rab: Does a suspended partition convert a ruin into a permitted domain? And the other replied: A suspended partition can effect permissibility only in the case of water<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., as regards the permissibility of drawing water from a river or a lake on the Sabbath (cf. infra 87b) .');">⁵⁷</span>

אמר רב נחמן ואיתימא רב ביבי בר אביי לא נצרכא אלא ליתן להן כל צרכן:

because only in respect of water did the Sages relax the law. [THE CAMP] MAY ALSO BE SURROUNDED BY REEDS etc. Only in the case of A CARAVAN but not in that of all individual? But was it not taught: R'Judah stated: All [defective] partitions<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That were with difficulty allowed where a number of people were concerned.');">⁵⁸</span>

דרש רב נחמן משום רבינו שמואל יחיד נותנין לו בית סאתים ב' נותנין להן בית סאתים ג' נעשו שיירא ונותנין להן בית שש

in connection with the Sabbath [laws] were not permitted to an individual [if the space enclosed]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though the enclosure was put up for the purpose of using its interior as a dwelling.');">⁵⁹</span> exceeded two beth se'ah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos., but if it did not exceed this measurement such defective partitions were permitted to an individual also. How then is R. Judah's statement in the Baraitha to be reconciled with his statement in our MISHNAH:');">⁶⁰</span> - As R'Nahman (or [as] some say: R'Bibi B'Abaye) replied [elsewhere that the ruling] was only required [in respect] of allowing them all [the space] they required, [so may one] here also [explain that the statement<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of R. Judah, that the Rabbis in our Mishnah SPOKE ONLY OF CARAVAN.');">⁶¹</span>

שבקת רבנן ועבדת כר' יוסי ברבי יהודה

referred to the permissibility] of allowing them all [the space] they required.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though it exceeded two beth se'ah. Where, however, such an area is not exceeded the same privilege is extended to an individual also.');">⁶²</span> Where was [the reply] of R'Nahman (or [as] some say, [that of] R'Bibi B'Abaye) stated? - In connection with what we learned: ANY PARTITION THAT IS NOT [MADE UP OF] BOTH VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL [STAKES] IS NO VALID PARTITION; SO R'JOSE SON OF R'JUDAH. Now [it was objected] could R'Jose son of R'Judah have given such a ruling seeing that it was taught: 'An individual and a caravan are subject to the same law as regards [a barrier] of ropes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is permissible in either case though no vertical stakes were put up.');">⁶³</span>

הדר אוקים רב נחמן אמורא עליה ודרש דברים שאמרתי לפניכם טעות הן בידי ברם כך אמרו יחיד נותנין לו בית סאתים שנים נותנין להן בית סאתים שלשה נעשו שיירא ונותנין להן כל צרכן

But [then] what is the difference [in thi respect]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where a barrier is defective as in this case (v. previous note) .');">⁶⁴</span> between an individual and a caravan? One individual is allowed two beth se'ah, so are two individuals also allowed two beth se'ah, but three become a caravan and are allowed six both se'ah,' so R'Jose son of R'Judah. But the Sages ruled: Both an individual and a caravan are allowed all [the space] they require provided no area of two beth se'ah remains unoccupied'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. exceeded actual requirements. Now since R. Jose distinctly recognized here the validity of a barrier made of ropes without stakes how could he rule in our Mishnah to the contrary?');">⁶⁵</span> [To this] R'Nahman (or some say: R'Bibi B'Abaye) replied: [This ruling]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of R. Jose in our Mishnah, according to which a barrier of ropes is not admissible.');">⁶⁶</span> was only required in respect of allowing them all [the space] they required.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The respective areas specified in the Baraitha however, are allowed even where the barrier was made only of horizontally drawn ropes.');">⁶⁷</span> R'Nahman in the name of our Master Samuel gave the following exposition: One individual is allowed two beth se'ah, two individuals are also allowed two beth se'ah, but three become a caravan and are allowed six beth se'ah. Do you leave the Rabbis<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who represent a majority.');">⁶⁸</span> [he was asked] and act in agreement with R'Jose son of R'Judah? Thereupon R'Nahman appointed an Amora on the subject<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To expound to the public R. Nahman's discourse.');">⁶⁹</span> and gave the following exposition: The statement I made to you was an error on my part; it is this indeed that the Rabbis have said: 'An individual is allowed two beth se'ah, two also are allowed two beth se'ah, but three become a caravan and are allowed all [the space] they require.