Eruvin 57

ההוא בבשיל ולא בשיל

- That<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Hisda's disparagement of the beet or tomatoes.');">¹</span> [refers to beet] that was only partially cooked.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'when cooked and not cooked'.');">²</span> There are [others] who read: R'Hamnuna ruled: No "erub may be prepared from raw beet, for R'Hisda stated: 'Raw beet kills a healthy man'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra nn. 12ff.');">³</span> Do we not see, however, that people do eat [such beet] and yet do not die? - There<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Hamnuna's ruling according to the second version.');">⁴</span>

איכא דאמרי אמר רב המנונא אין מערבין בתרדין חיין דאמר רב חסדא סילקא חייא קטיל גברא חייא והא קא חזינן דקא אכלי ולא מייתי התם בבשיל ולא בשיל

[it is 'case of beet] that was only partly cooked.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'when cooked and not cooked'.');">²</span> R'Hisda stated: A dish of beet is beneficial for the heart and good for the eyes and even more so for the bowels. Abaye added: This applies only [to such beet] that remained<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'that sat'.');">⁵</span> on the stove until it was thoroughly cooked.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and makes tuk tuk'; onomatopoeia, the noise that ensues from a boiling dish.');">⁶</span>

אמר רב חסדא תבשיל של תרדין יפה ללב וטוב לעינים וכל שכן לבני מעיים אמר אביי והוא דיתיב אבי תפי ועביד תוך תוך

Raba [once] said: 'I am [to-day] in the condition of Ben Azzai in the markets of Tiberias'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ben Azzai was the most prominent dialectician of his day and his discourses were usually delivered in the market place of Tiberias (cf. Bek. 58a) . Raba felt so elated on the day this remark was made that he was prepared to accept any dialectical challenge.');">⁷</span> Sand one of the younger Rabbis to him, 'With what quantity of apples [may an 'erub be prepared]? ' - 'Is it permissible', the other replied: 'to prepare an erub from apples? ' - 'Is it not [permitted]? Have we not in fact learnt: All kinds of food<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That were levitically unclean.');">⁸</span> may be combined<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though each one by itself is less than the prescribed quantity. xrp hmj');">⁹</span>

אמר רבא הריני כבן עזאי בשוקי טבריא אמר ליה ההוא מרבנן לרבא תפוחים בכמה אמר ליה וכי מערבין בתפוחים

[to make up the prescribed quantity] of half of a half loaf<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' . The peras is equal to the size of four eggs (cf. Rashi a.l.) .');">¹⁰</span> in respect of rendering the body<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of a priest.');">¹¹</span> unfit,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To eat terumah, although, since no foodstuffs can impart uncleanness to a human being by means of touch, he does not thereby become unclean.');">¹²</span> or [to make up the quantity of] food for two meals required for an 'erub, or the size of an egg in respect of imparting food defilement? '<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Me'il IV, 5, Ker. 13a.');">¹³</span>

ולא והתנן כל האוכלין מצטרפין לפסול את הגוויה בחצי פרס ובמזון שתי סעודות לעירוב וכביצה לטמא טומאת אוכלים

- Rut what objection is this? If it be contended: Because it was stated: 'all kinds of food' and these'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Apples.');">¹⁴</span> also are eatable, surely [it could be retorted] did not R Johanan lay down that no inference may be drawn from general rulings even where an exception was been specified?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 27a, Kid. 34a.');">¹⁵</span> - [The objection] rather is because it was stated: 'or [to make up the quantity of] food for two meals required for an 'erub or the size of an egg in respect of imparting food defilement',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since 'erub' and 'food defilement' appear in juxtaposition they are apparently to be compared to one another so that any foodstuffs that are fit for the one are also suitable for the other.');">¹⁶</span>

והאי מאי תיובתא אילימא משום דקתני כל האוכלין והני בני אכילה נינהו והאמר רבי יוחנן אין למדין מן הכללות ואפילו במקום שנאמר בו חוץ

and these<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Apples.');">¹⁴</span> also are subject to food defilement.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And consequently (v. previous note) must also be suitable for an 'erub.');">¹⁷</span> Now with what quantity?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' May an 'erub of apples be prepared.');">¹⁸</span> - R'Nahman replied: In the case of apples it must be a kab.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A measure of capacity, v. Glos.');">¹⁹</span>

אלא משום דקתני ובמזון שתי סעודות לעירוב וכביצה לטמא טומאת אוכלין והני נמי בני טמויי טומאת אוכלין נינהו

An objection was raised: R'Simeon B'Eliezer ruled: [The poor man's tithe<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Distributed in the threshing floor.');">²⁰</span> must be<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For each applicant.');">²¹</span> of no less a quantity than] an 'ukla<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A measure of capacity, v. Glos.');">²²</span> of spices, a pound of vegetables, ten nuts, five peaches, two pomegranates or one ethrog;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A species of citron used on Tabernacles with the festive wreath,.');">²³</span>

וכמה אמר ר"נ תפוחים בקב

and Gursak B'Dari stated in the name of R'Menashia B'Shegobli who had it from Rab that [the same quantities were] also [applicable] to an 'erub.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because for both 'erub and the poor man's tithe a quantity of two meals has been prescribed.');">²⁴</span> Why then should not apples<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'these'.');">²⁵</span> also be compared to peaches?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And five of them should be enough for an 'erub. An objection against It. Nahman who prescribed a kab.');">²⁶</span> - The others<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'these'.');">²⁵</span>

מיתיבי ר"ש בן אלעזר אומר עוכלא תבלין וליטרא ירק ועשרה אגוזין וחמשה אפרסקין ושני רמונים ואתרוג אחד ואמר גורסק בר דרי משמיה דרב מנשיא בר שגובלי משמיה דרב וכן לעירוב והני נמי ליהוו כי אפרסקין

are valuable but these are not so valuable.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The more valuable an article of food the less the quantity consumed in the course of a meal. The food prescribed for two meals was not meant to imply so much food as would provide two fully satisfying meals but only the quantity of any particular kind of food that is usually consumed in the course of two meals. While of peaches which are expensive no more than five would be consumed in the course of two meals, as much as a kab of apples would be consumed in the course of two such meals.');">²⁷</span> 'May the Lord', exclaimed R'Joseph, 'pardon R'Menashia B'Shegobli [this oversight; for] I made that statement<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the name of Rab; that 'the same quantities were also applicable to an 'erub' (supra) .');">²⁸</span> in connection with a Mishnah and he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When teaching it to Gursak b. Dari.');">²⁹</span> applied it to a Baraitha! For we learned: Any poor man [applying] at the threshing floor [must be given]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the poor man's tithe.');">³⁰</span>

הני חשיבי והני לא חשיבי

no less than half a kab of wheat, a kab of barley (R'Meir said: Half a kab of barley) , a kab and a half of spelt, a kab of dried figs or a maneh<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">³¹</span> of pressed figs (R'Akiba said: A half) ,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of a maneh.');">³²</span> half a log of wine (R'Akiba said: One quarter)<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of a log.');">³³</span> or a quarter<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of a log.');">³³</span>

אמר רב יוסף שרא ליה מריה לרב מנשיא בר שגובלי אנא אמריתא ניהליה אמתני' והוא אמרה אברייתא דתנן אין פוחתין לעני בגורן מחצי קב חטין וקב שעורין רבי מאיר אומר חצי קב שעורין וקב וחצי כוסמין וקב גרוגרות או מנה דבילה רבי עקיבא אומר פרס וחצי לוג יין ר"ע אומר רביעית ורביעית שמן ר"ע אומר שמינית ושאר כל הפירות אמר אבא שאול כדי שימכרם ויקח בהן מזון שתי סעודות ואמר רב וכן לעירוב

of oil (R'Akiba said: One eighth) ;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of a log.');">³³</span> and [in respect of] all other kinds of produce, Abba Saul ruled, [The quantities given must consist] of so much [food] as [would enable the recipient to] sell them and buy with their proceeds<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'with them'.');">³⁴</span> food for two meals.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Pe'ah VIII, 5.');">³⁵</span> And [it was in connection with this Mishnah that] Rab stated that '[the same quantities were] also [applicable in the case] of an 'erub'.

ומאי אולמיה דהאי מהך אילימא משום דקא תני בהך תבלין ותבלין לאו בני אכילה נינהו אטו הכא מי לא קתני חטין ושעורין ולאו בני אכילה נינהו

On what ground, however, is preference given<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and what is its strength'.');">³⁶</span> to the one rather than to the other?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., since the Baraitha contains no law that is contradictory to the Mishnah, is it not possible that Rab's statement applied to the former as much as to the latter?');">³⁷</span> If it be suggested: Because in the Baraitha<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'in that'.');">³⁸</span> spices were mentioned, and spices are not eatables,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence they arc unsuitable for an 'erub, and the statement, 'the same quantities were also applicable to an 'erub' could not, therefore, be applied to them.');">³⁹</span>

אלא משום דקתני חצי לוג יין ואמר רב מערבין בשתי רביעיות של יין מדבעינן כולי האי ש"מ כי אמר רב וכן לעירוב אהא מתני' קאמר ש"מ

[it might be retorted:] Are not wheat and barley mentioned in the Mishnah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'here'.');">⁴⁰</span> though they also<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In their natural state.');">⁴¹</span> are not eatables?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And since tab's statement is applicable to these, why not also to spices?');">⁴²</span> - [The ground]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For R. Joseph's assertion.');">⁴³</span>

אמר מר ובמזון שתי סעודות לעירוב סבר רב יוסף למימר עד דאיכא סעודה מהאי וסעודה מהאי אמר ליה רבה אפילו למחצה לשליש ולרביע

rather is this:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'but'.');">⁴⁴</span> Because [in the Mishnah] 'half a log of wine was mentioned and Rab has land down that an 'erub may be prepared with two quarters [of a log] of wine'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., half a log. V. Bah a.l. cur. edd. add, since we require so much'.');">⁴⁵</span> it may be concluded<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since no known ruling' of Rab is embodied in the Baraitha.');">⁴⁶</span> that when Rab said: 'And the same quantities were also applicable to an 'erub' he must have been referring to this<big><b>MISHNAH:</b></big>

גופא אמר רב מערבין בשתי רביעיות של יין ומי בעינן כולי האי והתניא רבי שמעון בן אלעזר אומר יין כדי לאכול בו חומץ כדי לטבל בו זיתים ובצלים כדי לאכול בהן שתי סעודות

This is conclusive. The Master said: 'Or [to make up the quantity of] food for two meals required for an 'erub'. R'Joseph intended to lay down that [no 'erub may be prepared] unless there is sufficient food of each kind to provide for a complete meal,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'until there is a meal from this and a meal from this', sc. that only two kinds of food may be used so that each kind suffices for One full meal of the two meals prescribed. Were more than two kinds of food to be allowed, each would represent less than the quantity required for one full meal.');">⁴⁷</span> but Rabbah said to him: Even [if each kind of food consisted only] of a half, a third or a quarter [of a meal].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' May an 'erub be prepared.');">⁴⁸</span>

התם בחמרא מבשלא

[To revert to] the main text: 'Rab has land down that an 'erub may be prepared with two quarters [of a log] of wine'. But do we require so much? Was it not in fact taught: R'Simeon B'Eleazar ruled: Wine [for an 'erub must] suffice for soaking in it the bread,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Rashi. Lit., 'to cat with it'.');">⁴⁹</span> vinegar must suffice to dip in it [the meat], and olives and onions must suffice to provide a relish for the bread for two meals?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The quantity of wine prescribed here is much less than two quarters of a log. How then could Rab prescribe the latter quantity?');">⁵⁰</span>

אמר מר חומץ כדי לטבל בו אמר רב גידל אמר רב כדי לטבל בו מזון שתי סעודות של ירק איכא דאמרי אמר רב גידל אמר רב ירק הנאכל בשתי סעודות

- There<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Baraitha cited.');">⁵¹</span> [the reference is] to boiled wine.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In which bread is usually dipped. A smaller quantity is, therefore, sufficient. Of ordinary wine, however, which is used as a drink only, no less than two quarters of a log are required.');">⁵²</span> The Master said: 'Vinegar must suffice to dip in it [the meat]'. Sand R'Giddal in the name of Rab, [It must suffice to dip in it the food of two meals of vegetables.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The entire meal consisting of vegetables only.');">⁵³</span>

אמר מר זיתים ובצלים כדי לאכול בהן מזון שתי סעודות ובבצלים מי מערבין והתניא אמר ר' שמעון בן אלעזר פעם אחת שבת רבי מאיר בערדיסקא ובא אדם אחד לפניו אמר לו ר' עירבתי בבצלים לטיבעין והושיבו ר' מאיר בארבע אמות שלו

Others read: R'Giddal said in the name of Rab, [It must suffice to dip in it a quantity of) vegetables consumed in the course of two meals.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' in addition to the bread.');">⁵⁴</span> The Master said: 'Olives and onions must suffice to provide a relish for bread for two meals'. Is it, however, permitted to prepare all erub from onions? Was it not in fact taught: R'Simeon B'Eleazar stated: R'Meir once spent the Sabbath<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec., 'We were sitting before R. Meir'.');">⁵⁵</span>

לא קשיא הא בעלים הא באימהות דתניא אכל בצל והשכים ומת אין אומרין ממה מת ואמר שמואל לא שנו אלא בעלים אבל באימהות לית לן בה ובעלין נמי לא אמרן אלא

a' Ardaska<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' MS.M., Ardaskis. Artaxata the capital ',1 Armenia (Wiesner) , Damascus (Kohat and Jast.) .');">⁵⁶</span> when a certain man appeared before him and said to him, 'Master, I have prepared an 'erub' from onions [to enable me to walk] to Tibe'in',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tibe'in was within two thousand cubits (the prescribed Sabbath limit) from the spot where the man's erub was laid down, and Ardaska was on the way between the 'erub and Tibe'in.');">⁵⁷</span> and R'Meir ordered him to remain within his four cubits?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosef.. 'Er. VI; from which, however, the phrase 'to Tibe'in' is absent. Now since R. Meir did not allow the man to move beyond his four cubits (cf. infra 41a) it is obvious that he regarded, an 'erub of onions as ineffective. An objection against R. Simeon R. Eleazar.');">⁵⁸</span> - This is no difficulty, since one ruling deals<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'that', R. Meir's.');">⁵⁹</span> with the leaves while the other refers to the bulbs.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'while the former are unfit for human consumption the latter are quite fit and consequently admissible as an 'erub.');">⁶⁰</span> For it was taught: 'If a man ate an onion and [was found] dead early [on the following morning] there is no need to ask what was the cause of his death', and in connection with this Samuel stated: This was taught in respect of the leaves only but against [the eating of] the bulbs there call be no objection;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'we have not (any objection) against it',');">⁶¹</span> and even regarding the leaves this has been said only