Eruvin 6

Chapter 6

א חלל סוכה תנן חלל מבוי תנן
1 for what we learned [in respect of height<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Suk. 2a and supra 2a.');"><sup>1</sup></span> refers to the] interior<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'hollow'.');"><sup>2</sup></span> of the sukkah and to the empty space<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'hollow'.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב א"ל רב פפא לרבא תניא דמסייע לך מבוי שהוא גבוה מעשרים אמה יותר מפתחו של היכל ימעט והיכל גופו חללו עשרים
2 of the entrance.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But does not include the roof of the former or the cross-beam of the latter.');"><sup>3</sup></span> Said R'Papa to Raba: A Baraitha was taught which provides support for your view: '[A cross-beam over] an entrance [to a blind alley] that is higher than twenty cubits [and is thus] higher than the entrance to the Hekal<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra p. 2, n. 7.');"><sup>4</sup></span> should be lowered'.
ג איתיביה רב שימי בר רב אשי לרב פפא כיצד היה עושה מניח קורה משפת עשרים ולמטה
3 Now in the Hekal itself<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From which the law relating to the entrance to a blind alley is derived.');"><sup>5</sup></span> the [height of the] hollow space of [the entrance thereto was twenty cubits. R'Shimi B'Ashi raised an objection against R'Papa: 'How does one construct [the prescribed entrance]?
ד אימא ולמעלה והא למטה קתני
4 One places the cross-beam, below the limit of twenty [cubits of its altitude]'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosef. 'Er. 1; from which it follows, contrary to the view of R. Papa, that the prescribed altitude of twenty cubits for an entrance includes also the cross-beam.');"><sup>6</sup></span> Read: 'Above'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Instead of 'below', the cross-beam being excluded from the prescribed altitude.');"><sup>7</sup></span> But surely it is stated: 'below'? - It was this that we are informed:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By the mention of 'below'. vynks');"><sup>8</sup></span>
ה הא קמ"ל דלמטה כלמעלה מה למעלה חללה עשרים אף למטה חללה עשרה:
5 That the lowest<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' , lit., 'that which is below'. vynk');"><sup>9</sup></span> [permitted altitude is to be measured on the same principle] as the highest. As in the case of the highest [altitude permitted] the hollow space [of the entrance must not exceed] twenty cubits, so also in the case of the lowest [altitude permitted], the hollow space [of the entrance must not be lower than] ten cubits.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The expression ('below') in the Baraitha does not at all refer to a crossbeam that lies over an entrance twenty cubits in height, but to one of ten cubits only, the entire passage being in the nature of an elliptical note.');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ו אמר אביי משמיה דרב נחמן אמת סוכה ואמת מבוי באמה בת חמשה אמת כלאים באמה בת ששה
6 Abaye stated in the name of R'Nahman: The cubit [applicable to the measurements] of a sukkah and that applicable to<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and the cubit of'.');"><sup>11</sup></span> an 'entrance' is one of five [handbreadths]. The cubit [applicable to the laws] of kil'ayim<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ז אמת מבוי באמה בת חמשה למאי הלכתא לגובהו ולפירצת מבוי
7 is one of six [handbreadths].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Adopting in each case the standard which makes for the more rigorous application of the law.');"><sup>13</sup></span> In respect of what legal [restriction has it been ruled that] the cubit [applicabl to the measurements] of an entrance is [only] one of five?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And not six as is the case with that of kil'ayim.');"><sup>14</sup></span> [If it be suggested] in respect of its height<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. that the cross-beam must not be higher than twenty cubits of the lower standard on the side of rigor.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
ח והא איכא משך מבוי בארבע אמות דלקולא
8 and [of the size of] a breach in the alley,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the breach in one of the walls of the alley is wider than ten cubits, the arrangements in connection with the Sabbath are invalid on the side of rigor; v. infra 5a.');"><sup>16</sup></span> surely [it could be retorted] is there [not also the law on] the depth o an alley, that<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In order to render the Sabbath arrangements valid.');"><sup>17</sup></span> [must be no less than] four cubits,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 5a.');"><sup>18</sup></span>
ט כמאן דאמר בארבעה טפחים
9 in which case [the adoption of the smaller cubit results in] a relaxation [of the law]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since a depth of four cubits of the lower standard would be sufficient to render the arrangements valid.');"><sup>19</sup></span> - [He<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Nahman in whose name Abaye laid down the respective standards of the cubit.');"><sup>20</sup></span> holds the same view] as does he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Joseph (v. infra 5a) .');"><sup>21</sup></span>
י ואיבעית אימא בארבע אמות ורוב אמות קאמר
10 who limits the depth<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'who said'.');"><sup>22</sup></span> to four handbreadths.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The question of the size of the respective cubits does not, therefore, arise.');"><sup>23</sup></span> If you prefer<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The answer just given is not very satisfactory since Abaye himself who reported R. Nahman's ruling differs from R. Joseph's view (cf. Supra n. 15) .');"><sup>24</sup></span>
יא אמת סוכה באמה בת חמשה למאי הלכתא לגובהה ולדופן עקומה
11 I might reply [that the depth of an alley must indeed be] four cubits, but he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 13, n. 14.');"><sup>25</sup></span> spoke of the majority of cubit measurements.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In connection with an 'entrance'. In respect of depth, however, he may well hold the size of the cubit to be six handbreadths.');"><sup>26</sup></span> In respect of what legal [restriction has R'Nahman ruled that] the cubit [applicable to the measurements] of a sukkah is one of five?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And not six as is the case with that of kil'ayim.');"><sup>27</sup></span>
יב והא איכא משך סוכה בארבע אמות דלקולא דתניא רבי אומר אומר אני כל סוכה שאין בה ד' אמות על ד' אמות פסולה
12 [If it be suggested,] in respect of its height<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That its interior must not be higher than twenty of the smaller cubits. vnueg ipus');"><sup>28</sup></span> and [the permitted size of] a crooked wall,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' ; if a portion of the roof of a sukkah consists of materials that are legally unfit for the purpose, the sukkah may nevertheless be valid if that portion is adjacent to any of its walls and terminates within a distance of four cubits from that wall. That portion of the roof together with the wall it adjoins are regarded as one crooked wall; and the space under the remainder of the roof, consisting of suitable materials, may be used as a proper sukkah. (V. Suk. 17a) . In both suggested cases, the cubit of the lower standard is on the side of rigor.');"><sup>29</sup></span> surely [it might be objected is there [not also the law requiring] the area of the sukkah [to be four cubits] by four cubits, in which case [the adoption of the smaller cubit results in] a relaxation [of the law]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since even all area measured by the smaller cubit would render the sukkah valid.');"><sup>30</sup></span>
יג כרבנן דאמרי אפי' אינה מחזקת אלא ראשו ורובו ושולחנו
13 For was it not taught: Rabbi<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Judah I, the Patriarch, compiler of the MISHNAH:');"><sup>31</sup></span> said: 'I maintain that any sukkah which does not contain [an area of] four cubits by four cubits is legally unfit'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Suk. 3a.');"><sup>32</sup></span> [R'Nahman is of the same opinion] as the Rabbis who ruled [that a sukkah is valid] even if it accommodates no more than one's head, the greater part of one's body and a table.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Supra p. 13, n. 17.');"><sup>33</sup></span>
יד ואיבעית אימא לעולם רבי היא ורוב אמות קאמר
14 And if you prefer I might reply: It<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The ruling reported in R. Nahman's name.');"><sup>34</sup></span> may, in fact, [be in agreement with the view of] Rabbi,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Judah I, the Patriarch, compiler of the MISHNAH:');"><sup>31</sup></span> but he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Nahman in whose name Abaye laid down the respective standards of the cubit.');"><sup>35</sup></span>
טו אמת כלאים באמה בת ששה למאי הילכתא לקרחת הכרם ולמחול הכרם
15 spoke of the majority of cubit measurements.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In connection with the sukkah, which belong to the lower standard. In the case of the area of a sukkah, however, he may well maintain, the cubit applicable is the one of the higher standard on the side of rigor. ,jre');"><sup>36</sup></span> In respect of what legal [restrictions has R'Nahman ruled that] 'the cubit [applicable to the laws] of kil'ayim is one of six'? - In respect of a patch<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' ., 'baldness'. This is further explained infra. kujn kuj');"><sup>37</sup></span> in a vineyard and the [uncultivated] border<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' (rt. 'to go round') a circle, circumference.');"><sup>38</sup></span>
טז דתנן קרחת הכרם ב"ש אומרים עשרים וארבע אמות וב"ה אומרים שש עשרה אמות ומחול הכרם בית שמאי אומרים שש עשרה אמות ובית הלל אומרים שתים עשרה אמות
16 of a vineyard; for we have learnt: [Each side of] a patch<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 14, n. 13.');"><sup>39</sup></span> in a vineyard, Beth Shammai ruled, must measure no less than twenty-four cubits,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If it is desired to grow in it wheat or other kinds of grain which under the laws of kil'ayim are forbidden to be grown among vines.');"><sup>40</sup></span> and Beth Hillel ruled: Sixteen cubits; and [the width of] an [uncultivated] border<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' (rt. 'to go round') a circle, circumference.');"><sup>38</sup></span>
יז איזו היא קרחת הכרם כרם שחרב אמצעיתו אין שם שש עשרה אמות לא יביא זרע לשם היו שם שש עשרה אמה נותן לו כדי עבודתו וזורע את המותר
17 of a vineyard, Beth Shammai ruled, [must] measure no less than sixteen cubits,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If it is desired to grow in it wheat or other kinds of grain which under the laws of kil'ayim are forbidden to be grown among vines.');"><sup>40</sup></span> and Beth Hillel ruled: Twelve cubits. What is meant by a patch in a vineyard?
יח ואיזהו מחול הכרם בין כרם לגדר אין שם שתים עשרה אמה לא יביא זרע לשם היו שם שתים עשרה אמה נותן לו כדי עבודתו וזורע את השאר
18 The barren portion of the interior of the vineyard.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'a vineyard the middle of which was destroyed'.');"><sup>41</sup></span> [If it sides] do not measure<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there is not there'.');"><sup>42</sup></span> sixteen cubits, no seed may be sown<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'he shall not bring'.');"><sup>43</sup></span>
יט והא איכא רצופים בארבע אמות דלקולא דתנן כרם הנטוע על פחות מארבע אמות רבי שמעון אומר אינו כרם וחכמים אומרים כרם ורואין את האמצעיים כאילו אינם
19 there, but if they do measure<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'they were there'.');"><sup>44</sup></span> sixteen cubits, sufficient space for the tillage of the vineyard<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Four cubits on each side.');"><sup>45</sup></span> is allowed and the remaining space may be sown.
כ כרבנן דאמרי הוי כרם ואיבעי' אימא לעולם ר' שמעון ורוב אמות קאמר
20 And what is meant by the border of a vineyard? [The space] between the [actual] vineyard<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the vines.');"><sup>46</sup></span> and the surrounding fence.
כא ורבא משמיה דר"נ אמר כל אמות באמה בת ששה אלא הללו שוחקות והללו עצבות
21 [If the width] is less than<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'there is not there'.');"><sup>42</sup></span> twelve cubits no seed may be sown<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'he shall not bring'.');"><sup>43</sup></span> there, but if it measures<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'they were there'.');"><sup>44</sup></span>
כב מיתיבי כל אמות שאמרו חכמים באמה בת ששה ובלבד
22 twelve cubits, sufficient space for the tillage of the vineyard<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Four cubits on each side.');"><sup>45</sup></span> is allowed and the remaining area may be sown.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Kil. IV, 1; infra 93a. These regulations - by adopting the cubit of the higher standard, are on the side of rigor.');"><sup>47</sup></span> But, surely, there is [the case of vines planted] closely within four cubits [distance from one another] where [the adoption of the higher standard<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Six handbreadths per cubit.');"><sup>48</sup></span> would result] in a relaxation [of the law]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra note 16, second clause.');"><sup>49</sup></span> For have we not learnt:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Kil. V, 2.');"><sup>50</sup></span> A vineyard [the rows of which are] planted at [distances of] less than four cubits [from one another] is not regarded, R'Simeon ruled, as a proper vineyard,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And wheat or other corn may be sown there.');"><sup>51</sup></span> and the Sages ruled, [It is regarded as] a proper vineyard, the intervening vines<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Those planted in the space of the four cubits that should intervene between each two rows.');"><sup>52</sup></span> being treated as if they were non-existent?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the prescribed space between the remaining vines is obtained and the plantation constitutes a proper vineyard in which, in accordance with the laws of kil'ayim, no kind of grain may be sown. Now, since it is the existence of distances of four cubits between the rows of vines that determines whether a group of vines may be regarded as a vineyard in the legal sense, it follows that if the lower standard of the cubit is adopted distances of no more than (5 X 4) twenty handbreadths between the rows would subject the vineyard to the laws of kil'ayim, while if the higher standard is adopted, so that distances of (6 X 4 =) twenty-four handbreadths are required, the same plantation would constitute no proper vineyard and the plantation would thus be exempt from the laws of kil'ayim.');"><sup>53</sup></span> - [R'Nahman is of the same opinion] as the Rabbis who ruled that [whatever the distances the plantation] constitutes a proper vineyard.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The standard of the cubit does not consequently affect the prohibition to sow any kinds of grain between the vines.');"><sup>54</sup></span> If you prefer I might reply: [He<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Nahman.');"><sup>55</sup></span> may,] in fact, [hold the view of] R'Simeon, but<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In adopting the higher standard of the cubit.');"><sup>56</sup></span> he was referring to the majority of cubit measurements.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In connection with kil'ayim, while in respect of distances between vines he also adopts the lower standard, on the side of rigor.');"><sup>57</sup></span> Raba, however,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Contrary to Abaye's statement supra.');"><sup>58</sup></span> stated in the name of R'Nahman: All cubits [prescribed for legal measurements are] of<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'by a cubit'.');"><sup>59</sup></span> the size of six [handbreadths], but the latter<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'those (relating to kil'ayim) .' ,uejua eja');"><sup>60</sup></span> are expanded<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' (rt. 'to laugh') . In measuring the cubit in handbreadths, the fingers are kept apart as are the lips of a laughing person (Aruk) ; 'wide spread' (Jast.) .');"><sup>61</sup></span> while the former<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Those of sukkah and 'entrance'. ,ucmg cmg');"><sup>62</sup></span> are compact.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' (rt. 'to be sad') , the fingers are kept close to one another as are the lips of a man in sadness (Aruk) ; 'pressed together' (Jast.) .');"><sup>63</sup></span> An objection was raised: All cubits of which the Sages spoke are of the standard<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'in a cubit'.');"><sup>64</sup></span> of six [handbreadths] except