Eruvin 84

Chapter 84

א היה מודד ובא וכלתה מדתו בחצי העיר מותר לטלטל בכל העיר כולה ובלבד שלא יעבור את התחום ברגליו במאי מטלטל לאו על ידי זריקה

1 If a man was measuring [the distance from his 'erub] and advancing [towards another town], and his measuring [of the permitted two thousand cubits] terminated in the middle of the town, he is allowed to move objects throughout the town1 provided only that he does not pass his Sabbath limit.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the distance of two thousand cubits from his 'erub. Only for a man who has been in a town at the time the Sabbath commenced is its entire area regarded as four cubits.');">2

ב אמר רב הונא לא על ידי משיכה

2 Now, in what manner could he move the objects?3 Obviously4

ג אמר רב הונא היה מודד ובא וכלתה מדתו בחצי חצר אין לו אלא חצי חצר

3 by throwing.5 And6

ד פשיטא אימא יש לו חצי חצר

4 R'Huna?7 - He can answer you: No; by pulling.8

ה האי נמי פשיטא מהו דתימא ליחוש דלמא אתי לטלטולי בכולה קמ"ל

5 R'Huna ruled: If a man was measuring [the distance from his 'erub] and his measuring [of the permitted two thousand cubits] terminated in the middle of a courtyard he has only a half of the courtyard [in which to move]. Is not this obvious?9

ו אמר רב נחמן מודה לי הונא היה מודד ובא וכלתה מדתו על שפת תקרה מותר לטלטל בכל הבית

6 - Read: He has a half of the courtyard [in which to move].10 Is not this also obvious?11

ז מאי טעמא הואיל ותקרת הבית חובטת

7 - It might have been presumed that12 there was cause to fear that one might carry objects about all the courtyard,13

ח אמר רב הונא בריה דרב נתן כתנאי הוליכוהו לעיר אחרת ונתנוהו בדיר או בסהר רבן גמליאל ורבי אלעזר בן עזריה אומרים מהלך את כולה ורבי יהושע ורבי עקיבא אומרים אין לו אלא ארבע אמות

8 hence we were informed [that no such possibility need be considered]. R'Nahman stated: Huna14

ט מאי לאו רבן גמליאל ורבי אלעזר בן עזריה דאמרו מהלך את כולה דלא גזרי הילוך דיר וסהר אטו הילוך בבקעה

9 agrees with me that if a man was measuring [the distance from his 'erub] and was thus advancing [towards another town], and his measurement [of the two thousand cubits] terminated at [a line corresponding to] the edge of a roof<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of a house, that stood just outside the two thousand cubits, whose wall on that side was broken down, and that thus opened out into a courtyard in which the carrying of objects was permitted.');">15 he is allowed to move objects16

י ומדהילוך אטו הילוך לא גזרי טלטול אטו הילוך לא גזרי

10 in any part of the house. What is the reason?

יא ור' יהושע ור' עקיבא דאומרים אין לו אלא ארבע אמות דגזרי הילוך דיר וסהר אטו הילוך דבקעה ומדהילוך אטו הילוך גזרי טלטול אטו הילוך נמי גזרי

11 Because [the projection of] the roof of the house would strike him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., ' (is deemed to) press down', cf. supra 9a. One could not mistake the area of the house beyond the edge of the roof to be permitted and thus to be drawn after one's object as might be the case where no such distinguishing mark existed.');">17 R'Huna son of R'Nathan said: [The divergence of opinion here18

יב ממאי דילמא כי לא גזרי רבן גמליאל ורבי אלעזר בן עזריה הילוך סהר ודיר אטו הילוך בקעה הני מילי התם דשני מקומות הן

12 is] like that between the following Tannas: IF HE WAS TAKEN TO ANOTHER TOWN, OR IF HE WAS PUT IN A CATTLEPEN OR IN A CATTLE-FOLD, HE MAY, RULED R'GAMALIEL AND R'ELEAZAR B. AZARIAH, MOVE THROUGH THE WHOLE OF ITS AREA; BUT R'JOSHUA AND R'AKIBA RULED: HE HAS ONLY FOUR CUBITS. Now did not R'Gamaliel and R'Eleazar B'Azariah rule that the man may MOVE THROUGH THE WHOLE OF ITS AREA, because they do not forbid walking in a cattle-pen Or in a cattle-fold19

יג אבל טלטול אטו הילוך דמקום אחד הוא ה"נ דגזרי גזירה שמא ימשך אחר חפצו

13 as a preventive measure against the possibility of walking in a valley,20 and since evidently they have not forbidden walking [in the former] as a preventive measure against walking [in the latter] they, likewise, did not forbid the moving of objects [by throwing them beyond the Sabbath limit] as a preventive measure against the possibility of walking21

יד ורבי יהושע ור' עקיבא נמי ממאי דמשום דגזרי הוא דילמא משום דקא סברי כי אמרינן כל הבית כולו כארבע אמות דמי הני מילי היכא דשבת באויר מחיצות מבעוד יום

14 [beyond that limit]; while R'Joshua and R'Akiba ruled: HE HAS ONLY FOUR CUBITS because they forbid walking in a cattle-pen or in a cattle-fold as a preventive measure against walking in a valley; and since evidently they have forbidden walking [in the former] as a preventive measure against walking [in the latter] they also forbid the moving of objects [by throwing them beyond the Sabbath limit] as a preventive measure against the possibility of walking [beyond that limit]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As the answer is apparently in the affirmative it follows that the Tannas in our Mishnah differ on the same question as the Amoras here (cf. supra p. 294, n. 8) .');">22 - Whence [could this23

טו אבל היכא דלא שבת באויר מחיצות מבעו"י לא

15 be proved]? It is in fact possible that R'Gamaliel and R'Eleazar B'Azariah did not forbid walking in a cattle-pen or in a cattle-fold as a preventive measure against the possibility of walking in a valley for the sole reason that24

טז אמר רב הלכתא כרבן גמליאל בדיר וסהר וספינה ושמואל אמר הלכתא כרבן גמליאל בספינה אבל בדיר וסהר לא

16 two different places are there involved,25 but [as regards forbidding the] movement of objects [as a preventive measure] against the possibility of walking which involves one and the same place they may well have enacted a prohibition as a preventive measure against the possibility of being drawn after one's object.

יז דכולי עלמא מיהת הלכה כרבן גמליאל בספינה מאי טעמא

17 As to R'Joshua and R'Akiba also, whence [could it be proved that they restricted the walking26 to four cubits] because they have enacted a preventive measure?27

יח אמר רבה הואיל ושבת באויר מחיצות מבעוד יום

18 - It is in fact possible that [t reason for their restriction is] that they hold the view that all the house is regarded as four cubits only whil a man occupied a place within its walls while it was yet day28 but not where he did not occupy the place while it was yet day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As the man was not in the cattle-pen or cattle-fold before the Sabbath commenced he cannot be allowed to walk beyond four cubits. Throwing, however, may well be permitted throughout the pen or the fold, since the possibility of the man's being drawn after his object is disregarded.');">29

יט ר' זירא אמר הואיל וספינה נוטלתו מתחילת ארבע ומנחתו בסוף ארבע

19 Rab laid down: The law is in agreement with R'Gamaliel in respect of a cattle-pen, a cattle-fold and a ship; and Samuel laid down: The law is in agreement with R'Gamaliel in respect of a ship but not in respect of a cattle-pen or a cattle-fold. Both30

כ מאי בינייהו איכא בינייהו שנפחתו דופני ספינה אי נמי בקופץ מספינה לספינה

20 at any rate agree that the law is in agreement with R'Gamaliel in respect of a ship; what is the reason? - Rabbah replied: Because the man has occupied a place within its walls while it was yet day.31 R'Zera replied: Because the ship32

כא ורבי זירא מאי טעמא לא אמר כרבה אמר לך מחיצות

21 continually takes him from the beginning of four cubits and puts him down at the end of the four cubits.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that he did not rest for one moment in any particular spot. Not having acquired any four cubits as his Sabbath abode, all the ship is regarded as his home. Aliter: Whenever the man lifts up his foot the ship carries him a distance of four cubits before he can put it down, and he is, therefore, in the position of a man whom gentiles have forcibly taken out from his four cubits and put in another four cubits and who is always u,kyub entitled to the last four cubits in which he finds himself (cf. Rashi s.v. a.l.) .');">33 What is the practical difference between them?34 - The practical difference between them is the case where the sides of the ship were broken down,35 or where one leaps from one ship into another.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the Sabbath. Since the man did not occupy a place in the latter ship while it was yet day he is not allowed, according to Rabbah, more than four cubits. According to R. Zera he may walk all through the ship.');">36 But why does not R'Zera give the same reason as Rabbah? - He can answer you: The sides37

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