Gittin 169

דברי הכל כשר ומתני' דקתני כתבו ואוקימנא בחוץ אבל ע"מ לא פסיל איבעית אימא לפני התורף ורבנן ואיבע"א לאחר התורף ודברי הכל

, both sides agree that [the Get is still] valid. As for the Mishnah which says. IF HE HAS WRITTEN IT, and which we have explained as referring to 'except', so that 'on condition' would not invalidate [the Get], if you like I can say that it is assuming it [to be inserted] before the substantive part [has been written], so that it concurs with the Rabbis, or if you like I can say that it is assuming it [to be inserted] after the substantive part [has been written], so that it concurs with both authorities. Raba, however, said that they [Rabbi and the Rabbis] disagree in the case where [the reservation is inserted] after the substantive part has been written, Rabbi holding that we disallow the insertion in this case in virtue of having disallowed it before the substantive part [has been written], while the Rabbis considered that we need not disallow one in virtue of the other; but if [it is inserted] before the writing of the substantive part, both sides agree that [the Get is] invalid. As for the Mishnah which says. IF HE HAS WRITTEN IT. and which we have explained as referring to 'except', so that 'on condition' would not invalidate [the Get], it is assuming it to be inserted after [the writing] of the substantive part, and it follows the Rabbis.

ורבא אמר מחלוקת לאחר התורף דרבי סבר גזרינן אטו לפני התורף ורבנן סברי לא גזרינן אטו לפני התורף אבל לפני התורף דברי הכל פסול

The father of R. Abin recited before R. Zera: 'If he wrote the Get with [the insertion of] a condition, the unanimous ruling is that it is invalid,' [He said to him:] The unanimous ruling is that it is invalid? [How can this be] seeing that there is a dispute on the subject? What you must say is, The unanimous ruling is that it is valid. And in what circumstances? If the words are inserted after the writing of the substantive part. Why did not R. Zera say to him, [Say,] This is invalid, [the ruling then being] according to Rabbi? — [R. Zera reasoned] that the tanna<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The father of R. Abin. ');">¹</span>

ומתני' דקתני כתבו ואוקימנא בחוץ אבל על מנת לא פסיל אחר התורף ורבנן היא

had been taught to say 'The unanimous ruling is', and that he might confuse 'valid' and 'invalid', but that he would not confuse 'this is' with 'the unanimous ruling is'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence he emended the word 'invalid' into 'valid', but not 'the unanimous ruling is' into 'this is', although the latter in itself would have been preferable. ');">²</span>

תני אבוה דרבי אבין קמיה דרבי זירא כתב גט על תנאי דברי הכל פסול דברי הכל פסול והא מיפלג פליגי

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. [IF HE SAID,] YOU ARE HEREBY PERMITTED TO ANY MAN BUT MY FATHER AND YOUR FATHER, MY BROTHER AND YOUR BROTHER, A SLAVE. A HEATHEN, OR ANYONE TO WHOM SHE IS INCAPABLE OF BEING BETROTHED, THE GET IS VALID.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the expression 'you are permitted to any man' still covers all possible cases and there is no reservation. ');">³</span>

אלא אימא לדברי הכל כשר והיכי דמי לאחר התורף

[IF HE SAYS.] YOU ARE HEREBY PERMITTED TO ANYONE BUT A HIGH PRIEST (SUPPOSING SHE WAS A WIDOW) OR, (SUPPOSING SHE WAS A DIVORCEE OR A <i>HALUZAH</i>),<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. ');">⁴</span>

ולימא הרי זה פסול ורבי תנא דברי הכל אתנייה כשר בפסול מיחלף ליה הרי זה בדברי הכל לא מיחלף ליה:

AN ORDINARY PRIEST, OR, (SUPPOSING SHE WAS A BASTARD OR A NETHINAH),<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Fem. of Nathin. A descendant of the Gibeonites who were accepted into the community of Joshua, but who were forbidden to intermarry with the Israelites. V. Josh. X, and Sanh. (Sonc. ed.) p. 340. n. 12. ');">⁵</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> הרי את מותרת לכל אדם אלא לאבא ולאביך לאחי ולאחיך לעבד ולעובד כוכבים ולכל מי שאין לה עליו קדושין כשר

A LAY ISRAELITE, OR, (SUPPOSING SHE WAS OF ISRAELITISH BIRTH). A BASTARD OR A NATHIN, OR ANYONE WHO IS CAPABLE OF BETROTHING HER ALBEIT IN TRANSGRESSION OF THE LAW,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [The act of betrothal, that is to say, is valid, though they are not allowed to marry. Whereas with those enumerated in the first part of the Mishnah the betrothal is of no effect and no divorce is necessary to separate them.] ');">⁶</span>

הרי את מותרת לכל אדם אלא אלמנה לכהן גדול גרושה וחלוצה לכהן הדיוט ממזרת ונתינה לישראל בת ישראל לממזר ולנתין וכל מי שיש לה עליו קדושין אפילו בעבירה פסול:

THE GET IS INVALID.

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> כללא דרישא לאתויי שאר חייבי כריתות כללא דסיפא לאתויי שאר חייבי לאוין (כגון עמוני ומואבי נתיני מצרי ואדומי)

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. The general statement in the first clause brings under the rule all other persons who become liable to <i>kareth</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., those mentioned in Lev. XX. For kareth, v. Glos. ');">⁷</span>

בעא מיניה רבא מרב נחמן חוץ מקדושי קטן מהו מי אמרינן השתא מיהא לאו בר הויה הוא או דלמא אתי לכלל הויה

[by having intercourse with her]; the general statement in the second clause brings under the rule all other persons who are forbidden [to marry her] only in virtue of a negative command,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which carries with it only flogging but no death penalty nor kareth. ');">⁸</span>

א"ל תניתוה קטנה מתגרשת בקידושי אביה

(such as, for instance, an Ammonite, a Moabite,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Deut. XXIII, 4. ');">⁹</span>

אמאי והא בעינן ויצאה והיתה אלא אתיא לכלל הויה הכא נמי אתיא לכלל הויה

a Nathin, an Egyptian and an Edomite).<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid, 8. The words in brackets are omitted in some texts. ');">¹⁰</span>

חוץ מן הנולדים מהו השתא מיהא לא איתיליד או דלמא עתידי דמתיילדי

Raba inquired of R. Nahman: [If he says, you may marry anyone] except [that you may not] be betrothed to a minor, what is the law?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., does this constitute a reservation invalidating the Get or not. ');">¹¹</span>

א"ל תניתוה לעבד ולעובד כוכבים אם איתא עבד ועובד כוכבים נמי עבידי דמיגיירי

Do we emphasise the fact that at the present at any rate he is not capable of betrothing her<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore that it is no reservation. ');">¹²</span>

הנך לאו לאיגיורי קיימי הני לאיתילודי קיימי

or rather the fact that he will one day be capable? — He replied: [We have a teaching:] 'A girl under age can be divorced [after her father's death] even though her betrothal was contracted by her father.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., even though her marriage was a binding one. ');">¹³</span>

חוץ מבעל אחותה מהו השתא מיהא לא חזיא ליה או דלמא זמנין דמתה אחותה וחזיא ליה

Now why should this be, seeing that we require that her separation should be on the same footing as her union?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., '[the rule of] she shall go forth and be'. And therefore only her father should have power to receive her Get for her. ');">¹⁴</span>

אמר ליה תניתוה לעבד ולעובד כוכבים עבד ועובד כוכבים נמי עבידי דמיגיירי גירות לא שכיחא מיתה שכיחא

The reason must be, because she will one day be capable of betrothal; so here we say that he will one day be capable of betrothal.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the Get is invalid, owing to the reservation it contains. ');">¹⁵</span>

חוץ מזנותיך מהו בנשואין הא לא שייר או דלמא שייר בביאה

[Suppose he says, You may marry anyone] except those still to be born, what is the law? Do we lay stress on the fact that as yet at any rate they are not born, or on the fact that one day they will be born? — He replied: We have the answer in our Mishnah: [IF HE SAID, ANY MAN BUT] A SLAVE, A HEATHEN, [IT IS VALID]. Now if we suppose [that this constitutes a reservation in the Get], then [the excepting of] a slave and a heathen also [should constitute a reservation in the Get], since it is possible for them to become proselytes? — [To this Raba rejoined:] Those are not bound to become proselytes in the ordinary course of things, these will be born in the ordinary course of things.

א"ל תניתוה לאבא ולאביך ובמאי אילימא בנשואין אבא ואביך בני נשואין נינהו אלא לאו בזנות ולאבא ולאביך הוא דלא שייר הא לאחר שייר

[If he said she may marry anyone] except the husband of her sister, what is the law? Do we lay stress on the fact that now at any rate she is not eligible for him, or rather perhaps on the fact that possibly her sister will die and she will become eligible for him? — He replied: We have [the answer] in our Mishnah: [ANY MAN BUT] A SLAVE, A HEATHEN. Now [the excepting] of a slave and heathen also [should constitute a reservation] since they can become proselytes? — [He rejoined]: Conversion is not a usual occurrence, death is.

דלמא בנשואין דעבר ואינסיב

[If he said, you may marry] excepting you commit fornication, what is the law? Do we lay stress on the fact that he left no reservation in the sphere of marriage, or on the fact that he did leave a reservation in the sphere of intercourse? — He replied: We have [the answer] in our Mishnah: [ANY MAN BUT] MY FATHER AND YOUR FATHER. Now to what [does the exception apply]? Shall I say to marriage? But are his father and her father capable of marrying her? It must be then to fornication, and when he excepts his father and her father this is no reservation,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since she is in any case forbidden to them. ');">¹⁶</span>

חוץ משלא כדרכה מהו בכדרכה הא לא שייר או דלמא (ויקרא כ, יג) משכבי אשה כתיב

which shows that when he excepts anyone else, it is counted as a reservation? — [He rejoined:] perhaps the exception refers after all to marriage, since he may transgress the law and marry her.

חוץ מהפרת נדריך מהו בנשואין הא לא שייר או דלמא (במדבר ל, יד) אישה יקימנו ואישה יפירנו כתיב

[If he says], Excepting unnatural intercourse, what is the law? Do we lay stress on the fact that he made no reservation in the sphere of natural intercourse, or on the fact that the text says, as with a woman?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XX, 13. The Hebrew is [H], lit., 'lyings', the plural form being taken to indicate both natural and unnatural intercourse. ');">¹⁷</span>

חוץ מתרומתיך מהו בנשואין הא לא שייר או דלמא (ויקרא כב, יא) קנין כספו כתיב

[If he says], Except [that I reserve to myself] the right of annulling your vows, what is the law? Do we lay stress on the fact that he has left no reservation in the sphere of marriage, or rather perhaps on the text, her husband may establish it or her husband may make it void?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXX, 13. ');">¹⁸</span>

חוץ מירושתיך מהו בנשואין הא לא שייר או דלמא (במדבר כז, יא) לשארו וירש אותה כתיב

[If he says], Except that you may not eat <i>terumah</i>,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If she marries a priest. V. Glos. ');">¹⁹</span>

חוץ מקידושיך בשטר מהו מי אמרינן אפשר דמקדש לה בכסף ובביאה או דלמא ויצאה והיתה איתקוש הוויות להדדי

what is the law? Do we lay stress on the fact that he has left no reservation in the sphere of marriage, or on the fact that it is written the purchase of his money [shall eat of it]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev, XXII, 11. And since she may not eat of it she is not the 'purchase of his money', and therefore is not fully permitted to marry 'any man'. ');">²⁰</span>

תיקו:

Suppose he said, Excepting that I shall inherit you, what is the law? Do we lay stress on the fact that he has left no reservation in the sphere of marriage or that the text says, to his kinsman and he shall inherit it?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXVII, 11. Since he is to inherit her, she thus remains in a sense his wife. ');">²¹</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> גופו של גט הרי את מותרת לכל אדם

[If he says,] Except for your being betrothed by a document, what is the law? Do we say that it is possible for one to betroth her by a money present or by intercourse,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Kid. 2a. ');">²²</span> or rather perhaps do we go by the text and she shall depart and marry,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXIV, 2. ');">²³</span> which indicates that all kinds of marrying are on the same footing? — These questions are left undecided. <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. THE ESSENCE OF THE GET IS THE WORDS, BEHOLD YOU ARE HEREBY PERMITTED TO ANY MAN.