Gittin 68

והלכתא כנחמני:

follows Nahmani.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Abaye, so called because he was brought up by Rabbah b. Nahmani, who called him by the name of his father (Rashi). [According to Aruch, Abaye's real name was Nahmani after his grandfather. but he was nicknamed Abaye ('Little father') by his uncle Rabbah b. Nahmani, who had adopted him at an early age, in order to avoid confusion with his grandfather.] ');">¹</span> <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. ORIGINALLY THE HUSBAND WAS ALLOWED TO GIVE [IN THE GET] AN ADOPTED NAME<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'he used to change'. ');">²</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> בראשונה היה משנה שמו ושמה שם עירו ושם עירה התקין ר"ג הזקן שיהא כותב איש פלוני וכל שום שיש לו אשה פלונית וכל שום שיש לה מפני תיקון העולם:

OF HIMSELF OR OF HIS WIFE, OR AN ADOPTED TOWN OF HIMSELF OR OF HIS WIFE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supposing he had changed his residence temporarily and assumed another name. ');">³</span> RABBAN GAMALIEL THE ELDER MADE A REGULATION THAT HE SHOULD WRITE, 'THE MAN SO-AND-SO OR BY WHAT EVER NAMES HE IS KNOWN,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to Tosaf., this means that all his other names should be specifically mentioned. V. Infra ');">⁴</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל שלחו ליה בני מדינת הים לרבן גמליאל בני אדם הבאים משם לכאן שמו יוסף וקוראין לו יוחנן יוחנן וקוראין לו יוסף היאך מגרשין נשותיהן עמד ר"ג והתקין שיהו כותבין איש פלוני וכל שום שיש לו אשה פלונית וכל שום שיש לה מפני תיקון העולם אמר רב אשי והוא דאתחזק בתרי שמי אמר ליה רבי אבא לרב אשי רבי מרי ורבי אלעזר קיימי כוותך

'THE WOMAN SO-AND-SO OR BY WHATEVER NAMES SHE IS KNOWN,' TO PREVENT ABUSES.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'for the better ordering of society.' ');">⁵</span> <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Rab Judah said in the name of Samuel: The Jews from overseas sent to Rabban Gamaliel the following inquiry: If a man comes here from Eretz Yisrael whose name is Joseph but who is known here as Johanan, or whose name is Johanan but who is known here as Joseph, how is he to divorce his wife? Rabban Gamaliel thereupon made a regulation that they should write in the Get, The man So-and-so or by whatever names he is known, the woman So-and-so or by whatever names she is known, to prevent abuses.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., to prevent people in case she remarries, from saving that the first husband never divorced her. ');">⁶</span>

תניא כוותיה דרב אשי היו לו שתי נשים אחת ביהודה ואחת בגליל ולו שני שמות אחד ביהודה ואחד בגליל וגרש את אשתו שביהודה בשמו שביהודה ואת אשתו שבגליל בשמו שבגליל אינה מגורשת עד שיגרש את אשתו שביהודה בשמו שביהודה ושם דגליל עמו ואת אשתו שבגליל בשמו שבגליל ושם דיהודה עמו יצא למקום אחר וגרש באחד מהן מגורשת

R. Ashi said: This is necessary only if the man is known to have two [or more] names. Said R. Abba to R. Ashi: R. Mari and R. Eleazar concur with you in this. It has been taught in agreement with R. Ashi: If a man has two wives, one in Judea and the other in Galilee, and he has two names by one of which he is known in Judea and by the other in Galilee, and if he divorces his wife in Judea under the name which he bears in Judea and his wife in Galilee under the name which he bears in Galilee, the divorce is not effective: it does not become so until he divorces his wife in Judea under the name he bears in Judea with the addition of the name he bears in Galilee, and his wife in Galilee under the name he bears in Galilee with the addition of the name he bears in Judea.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This seems to confirm the opinion of Tosaf., that all the names must be written in the Get. ');">⁷</span> If, however, he goes away to another place<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Neither in Judea nor Galilee. ');">⁸</span>

והאמרת שם דגליל עמו אלא שמע מינה הא דאתחזק הא דלא אתחזק שמע מינה

and gives a divorce under one of the names only, the divorce is effective. But did you not just say, 'with the addition of the name he bears in Galilee'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which shows that his other names must be included. ');">⁹</span> This shows that the one rule<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That his other name must be included. ');">¹⁰</span>

ההיא דהוו קרו לה מרים ופורתא שרה אמרי נהרדעי מרים וכל שום שיש לה ולא שרה וכל שום שיש לה:

applies where he is known [to have more than one name], and the other rule<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That one name is sufficient. ');">¹¹</span> applies where he is not known [to have more than one name].

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> אין אלמנה נפרעת מנכסי יתומים אלא בשבועה נמנעו מלהשביעה התקין ר"ג הזקן שתהא נודרת ליתומים כל מה שירצו וגובה כתובתה

There was a woman who was known to most people as Miriam but to a few as Sarah, and the Nehardeans ruled that [in a Get she should be referred to as] 'Miriam or any other name by which she may be called' and not 'Sarah or any other name by which she may be called.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This would seem to show that the Mishnah is to be taken in its literal sense and not as interpreted by Tosaf. ');">¹²</span> <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. A WIDOW HAS [BY RIGHTS] NO POWER TO RECOVER [HER <i>KETHUBAH</i>]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. ');">¹³</span>

העדים חותמין על הגט מפני תיקון העולם והלל התקין פרוזבול מפני תיקון העולם:

FROM THE PROPERTY OF ORPHANS SAVE ON TAKING AN OATH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That she had not received any part of the kethubah. ');">¹⁴</span> BUT THEY [THE RABBIS] REFRAINED FROM IMPOSING AN OATH ON HER.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra. ');">¹⁵</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מאי איריא אלמנה אפילו כולי עלמא נמי דהא קיימא לן הבא ליפרע מנכסי יתומין לא יפרע אלא בשבועה אלמנה אצטריכא ליה סד"א

RABBAN GAMALIEL THE ELDER THEREUPON MADE A REGULATION THAT SHE SHOULD TAKE ANY VOW<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., a vow to abstain from certain kinds of food if it should be found that she had already received any part of the kethubah. ');">¹⁶</span> WHICH THE ORPHANS CHOSE TO IMPOSE ON HER AND SO RECOVER HER <i>KETHUBAH</i>. AND [SIMILARLY] WITNESSES SIGN THEIR NAMES TO A GET TO PREVENT ABUSES.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra. Lit., 'for the better ordering of society.' ');">¹⁷</span> HILLEL THE ELDER ALSO INSTITUTED THE <i>PROSBUL</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. and infra. ');">¹⁸</span> TO PREVENT ABUSES. <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Why is this rule [about an oath] laid down with reference to a widow, seeing that it applies to everybody, since it is an established rule that 'one who seeks to recover payment from the property of orphans<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For a debt incurred by their father. ');">¹⁹</span> cannot recover save on taking an oath'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' B.B. 5b; Keth. 872. ');">²⁰</span> — There is a special reason for the mention of a widow. For it might occur to you to say that