Keritot 11

Chapter 11

א בבואה לבבואה דבבואה נידע דאתי לביתיה ולאו מילתא היא דילמא חלשא דעתיה ומתרע מזליה
1 the reflection of his shadow, he will know that he will return home. But it is not the proper thing [to make these tests], for one might be discouraged and mar his fortune.
ב אמר אביי השתא דאמרת סימנא מילתא היא יהא רגיל איניש למיכל ריש שתא קרא ורוביא כרתי סילקא ותמרי
2 Said Abaye: Since you hold that symbols are meaningful, every man should make it a habit to eat on New Year pumpkin, fenugreek, leek, beet and dates.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These are regarded as symbols of fertility, abundance and quick growth.');"><sup>1</sup></span> R'Mesharsheya said to his sons: 'When you wish to come before your teacher to learn, revise at first your Mishnah and then go to your teacher; and when you are sitting before your teacher look at the mouth of your teacher, as it is written: But thine eyes shall see thy teacher;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. XXX, 20.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ג א"ל רב משרשיא לבניה כי בעיתו למיזל למגמר קמיה רבכון גרוסו מעיקרא מתני' והדר עולו קמי רבכון וכי יתביתו קמי רבכון חזו לפומיה דרבכון שנאמר (ישעיהו ל, כ) והיו עיניך רואות את מוריך וכי גריסיתו שמעתא גרוסו על מיא דכי היכי דמשכי מיא תמשוך שמעתכון
3 and when you study any teaching, do so by the side of water, for as the water is drawn out, so your learning may be prolonged. Be on the dustheaps of Matha Mehasia rather than in the palaces of Pumpeditha.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A town which was reputed for violence and dishonesty; v. Hor. ');"><sup>3</sup></span> Eat a stinking fish rather than cutha<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cutha is a dish containing milk, breadcrumbs and salt. It is described in Pes. ');"><sup>4</sup></span> that breaks rocks. And Hannah prayed and said: my heart exulteth in the Lord, my horn is exalted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Sam. II, 1. lan');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ד אקילקי דמתא מחסיא ולא אפדני דפומבדיתא טב גילדנא סריא למיכל מכותחא דרמי כיפי
4 It says, 'my horn is exalted', but not 'my jar is exalted'. David and Solomon were anointed from a horn,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. ibid. XVI, 13 and I Kings 1, 39. 'to blow', used with the 'horn' connotes at the same time to prolong.');"><sup>6</sup></span>
ה (שמואל א ב, א) ותתפלל חנה ותאמר עלץ לבי בה' רמה קרני רמה קרני ולא רמה פכי דוד ושלמה שנמשחו בקרן נמשכה מלכותם שאול ויהוא שנמשחו מן הפך לא נמשכה מלכותם:
5 and therefore their rule was prolonged; Saul and Jehu, however, were anointed from a jar,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. I Sam. X, 1 and II Kings IX, 1, 3.');"><sup>7</sup></span> and their rule<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., their dynasty.');"><sup>8</sup></span> was not prolonged.
ו המפטם את הקטרת: ת"ר המפטם את הקטרת ללמד בה או למוסרה לציבור פטור להריח בה חייב והמריח בה פטור אלא שמעל
6 WHEN ONE COMPOUNDS INCENSE. Our Rabbis have taught: 'When one compounds incense for experimenting or in order to hand it over to the community, he is culpable; if in order to smell of it, he is guilty. He who smells it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the incense of the community.');"><sup>9</sup></span> is not culpable,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e.,is not subject to kareth. Kareth is only prescribed for the manufacture of incense with the purpose to smell of it.');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ז ומי איכא מעילה והאמר ר"ש בן פזי א"ר יהושע ב"ל משום בר קפרא קול ומראה וריח אין בהן משום מעילה
7 but he is guilty of sacrilege.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosef. Mak. III, 1.');"><sup>11</sup></span> But is smelling subject to the law of sacrilege? Has not R'Simeon son of Pazzi stated in the name of R'Joshua son of Levi on behalf of Bar Kappara: Hearing, seeing and smelling<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., of things belonging to Temple property, e.g., the smelling of incense.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ח ריח אחר שתעלה תמרתו אין בו משום מעילה [שהרי] אין לך דבר אחר שנעשה מצותו ומועלין בו
8 are not subject to the law of sacrilege?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because these are considered immaterial forms of use. V. pes. 26a.');"><sup>13</sup></span>
ט אלמה לא והרי תרומת הדשן דנעשית מצותה ומועלין בה
9 - The reference to smelling means, after the pillar of the [incense] smoke has ascended,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., after it had been burnt.');"><sup>14</sup></span> in which case it is not subject to the law of sacrilege, for nothing is subject to the law of sacrilege, after the prescribed command has been performed therewith.
י משום דהוי תרומת הדשן ובגדי כהונה שני כתובים הבאים כאחד וכל שני כתובין הבאין כאחד אין מלמדים
10 Is this indeed so?
יא הניחא לרבנן אלא לר' דוסא מאי איכא למימר דתניא (ויקרא טז, כג) והניחם שם מלמד שטעונין גניזה
11 Behold the separation of the ashes<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the ashes separated from the altar and placed by the side of it. Cf. Lev. VI, 3 and Me'il. 11b.');"><sup>15</sup></span> is subject to the law of sacrilege, although the prescribed, command has been performed therewith. - The law concerning the separation of the ashes and that of the garments of the High Priest<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Used on the Day of Atonement, cf. Lev. XVI, 23f.');"><sup>16</sup></span>
יב רבי דוסא אומר כשירין הן לכהן הדיוט ומה תלמוד לומר והניחם שם שלא ישתמש בהן ביום הכפורים אחר
12 are two texts teaching the same thing, and where two texts teach the same thing no inference may be made [from them].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or rather, the fact that the same law is applied in the text to two instances is taken to exclude its application to others.');"><sup>17</sup></span> This is right according to the Rabbis, but what is to be said according to R'Dosa?
יג משום דהוי תרומת הדשן ועגלה ערופה שני כתובין הבאין כאחד וכל שני כתובין הבאין כאחד אין מלמדין תרומת הדשן מאי היא דתניא (ויקרא ו, ג) ושמו אצל המזבח מלמד שטעונין גניזה עגלה ערופה מאי היא דתניא (דברים כא, ד) וערפו שם את העגלה בנחל מלמד שטעונין גניזה
13 For it has been taught: And he shall place them [the garments] there,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid.');"><sup>18</sup></span> [means] that they have to be hidden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., so as not to be used again. They are thus subject to sacrilege even after their use.');"><sup>19</sup></span> R'Dosa holds: They may be used by an ordinary priest, and 'he shall place them there' means that he [the high priest] shall not use it again on another Day of Atonement.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hul. 117a.');"><sup>20</sup></span> - The law concerning the separation of the ashes and that of the heifer whose neck is broken are two texts teaching the same thing, and where two texts teach the same thing no inference may be made [from them for other instances].' What is the case of the separation of the ashes? - It has been taught: He shall place it by the side of the altar;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. VI, 3.');"><sup>21</sup></span> this teaches that it has to be hidden.'
יד ולמ"ד שני כתובין הבאים כאחד מלמדין הכא ודאי אין מלמדין משום דהוי תרי מיעוטי בתרומת הדשן כתיב ושמו הדין אין מידי אחרינא לא גבי עגלה ערופה כתיב הערופה ערופה אין מידי אחרינא לא
14 What is the case of the heifer whose neck is broken? - It has been taught: And shall break the heifer's neck there in the valley,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXI, 4. 'There' is superfluous, and is taken to imply that it shall remain there for ever and must not be used. vpurgv');"><sup>22</sup></span> this teaches that it has to be buried. And even according to him who holds, one may infer for other instances where two texts teach the same thing, here indeed no inference can be made because there are two limitations. In connection with the separation of the ashes, it is written: 'He shall place it': It, and not anything else; in connection with the heifer whose neck is broken, it is written: Whose neck is broken;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XXI, 6. The article in the word is superfluous and is understood in a restrictive sense.');"><sup>23</sup></span>
טו ת"ר פיטום הקטרת הצרי והציפורן והחלבנה והלבונה משקל שבעי' של שבעים מנה מור וקציעה שיבולת נרד וכרכום משקל ששה עשר של ששה עשר מנה הקושט שנים עשר קילופה שלשה וקנמון תשעה בורית כרשינה תשעה קבין יין קפריסין סאין תלתא קבין תלתא אם אין לו יין קפריסין מביא חמר חיוריין עתיק מלח סדומית רובע מעלה עשן כל שהוא ר' נתן אומר אף כיפת הירדן כל שהוא
15 only the one whose neck is broken and not anything else. Our Rabbis have taught: The compound of incense consisted of balm, onycha, galbanum and frankincense, each in the quantity of seventy manehs;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>24</sup></span> of myrrh, cassia, spikenard and saffron, each sixteen manehs by weight; of costus twelve, of aromatic rind three, and of cinnamon nine manehs; of lye obtained from leek nine kabs;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>24</sup></span> of Cyprus wine three se'ahs<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');"><sup>24</sup></span> and three kabs, though if Cyprus wine is not available, old white wine may be used instead; of salt of Sodom<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or sea-salt. Cf. B.B. 20b.');"><sup>25</sup></span> the fourth of a kab, and of ma'aleh 'ashan<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'smoke-raiser', i.e., a herb which makes the smoke of the frankincense rise.');"><sup>26</sup></span> a minute quantity.
טז ואם נתן בה דבש פסלה חיסר אחת מכל סממניה חייב מיתה רש"א הצרי אינו אלא שרף [הנוטף] מעצי הקטף בורית כרשינה ששפין בה את הציפורן כדי שתהא נאה יין קפריסין ששורין בו את הציפורן כדי שתהא עזה והלא מי רגלים יפין לה אלא שאין מכניסין מי רגלים למקדש
16 R'Nathan says: Also of Jordan resin a minute quantity. If, however, honey is added, the incense is rendered unfit; while if one omits one of the ingredients,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., the high priest who enters the Holy of Holies with the unfit incense (Rashi) . It may also refer to the manufacturer of the incense.');"><sup>27</sup></span> he is liable to the penalty of death.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By the hand of heaven.');"><sup>28</sup></span> R'Simeon son of Gamaliel said: Balm is nothing but a resin which exudes from the wood of the balsam-tree; the lye obtained from leek was rubbed over the onycha in order to render it beautiful, and in the Cyprus wine the onycha was steeped that its odour might be intensified. In fact urine might well serve this purpose, but urine may not be brought within the precincts of the Temple. This<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The last passage.');"><sup>29</sup></span> supports R'Jose son of R'Hanina, who says: It is holy and it shall be holy unto you,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXX, 32.');"><sup>30</sup></span>
יז מסייע ליה לר' יוסי בר"ח דאמר (שמות ל, לב) קדש היא קדש תהיה לכם כל מעשיה לא יהו אלא בקדש
17 implies that all work in connection therewith must be performed within the sacred precincts. An objection was raised: If one dedicates his possessions to the Temple<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Without specification, in which case the possessions go to the Temple repair fund; but the things suitable for the altar must not be used for the repair fund. Objects fit for communal offerings cannot be offered, however, for the community, because such offerings must be brought out of communal funds.');"><sup>31</sup></span> and there are among them things fit for communal offerings, they shall be given to the [Temple] craftsmen as wages.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shek. IV, 6.');"><sup>32</sup></span>
יח מיתיבי המקדיש נכסיו והיו בה דברים הראויין לקרבנות הציבור ינתנו לאומנין בשכרן
18 Now what is meant by 'things fit [for communal offerings]'? If cattle or beast,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is a standing phrase, not precise in this instance, as a beast of chase is not fit for the altar.');"><sup>33</sup></span>
יט הני דברים הראויין מאי נינהו אי בהמה וחיה תנא ליה אי יינות שמנים וסלתות תנא ליה אלא לאו קטרת
19 this has already been taught;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shek. IV, 6.');"><sup>34</sup></span> if wine, oil or fine flour, this has already been taught; hence It must refer to incense.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' We thus find that the frankincense may be compounded as profane goods and then dedicated to the Temple.');"><sup>35</sup></span> - Said R'Oshaia: [It refers to] that which is given to the craftsmen as their wages;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the remnant of frankincense, left over from the past year; cf. R. H. 7a. At the beginning of Nisan the taxes for communal offerings were collected. The frankincense bought with the money of the previous levy was not allowed to be used in the new year. It was therefore necessary to resort to the device mentioned below, in order to make the use of the remnant in the new year possible.');"><sup>36</sup></span>
כ א"ר אושעיא באותה הניתנת לאומנים בשכרן דתניא מותר הקטרת מה היו עושין בה היו מפרישין (ממנה) שכר האומנין ומחללין אותה על מעות האומנין ונותנין אותן לאומנין בשכרן וחוזרים ולוקחין אותה מתרומה חדשה
20 for we learnt: 'What was done with the remnant of the frankincense? They set apart [an amount equivalent to the craftsmen's] wages [from the Temple Treasury], the remnant was then exchanged against this money, handed over to the craftsmen as their wages and then bought back again from them with the money of the new levy.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. IV, 5; cf. also Me'il. ');"><sup>37</sup></span> To this R'Joseph demurred: Surely in connection with all remnants it teaches: 'And then it is bought back again from the new levy'; whereas in connection with this teaching,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. Shek. IV, 6.');"><sup>38</sup></span> this is not stated.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It accordingly cannot refer to a remnant.');"><sup>39</sup></span> - Rather, said R'Joseph: It refers to one of the ingredients of the frankincense.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before the mixing, and not to the prepared incense.');"><sup>40</sup></span>
כא מתקיף לה רב יוסף הא בכולהו מותרות תני חוזרין ולוקחין אותה מתרומה חדשה והכא לא תני
21 Our Rabbis have taught: The frankincense consisted of three hundred and sixty-eight manehs;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is the total weight of the ingredients of incense, as expounded above.');"><sup>41</sup></span> three hundred and sixty-five<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is the average length also of the Jewish year, if the leap years are taken into consideration.');"><sup>42</sup></span> corresponding to the days of the solar year, and of the three remaining manehs the high priest took his hands full [into the holy of holies] on the Day of Atonement,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Lev. XVI, 12.');"><sup>43</sup></span>
כב אלא אמר רב יוסף באחד מסממני הקטרת
22 while the remnant was given to the craftsmen for their wages, as we have learnt: What was done with the remnant of the frankincense? They set apart an amount equivalent to the craftsmen's wages [from the Temple Treasury], the remnant was then exchanged against this money, handed over to the craftsmen as their wages and then bought back again from then, with the money of the Temple Chamber.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The version above of the same Mishnah reads 'new levy' instead of 'Temple Chamber' which is the same thing.');"><sup>44</sup></span>
כג ת"ר קטרת היתה נעשית שס"ח מנה שס"ה כנגד ימות החמה שלשה מנין יתירין שמהן מכניס כהן גדול מלא חפניו ביום הכיפורים והשאר ניתנת לאומנין בשכרן
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כד כדתניא מותר הקטרת מה היו עושין בה מפרישין (ממנה) שכר האומנין ומחללין אותה על מעות האומנין ונותנין אותן לאומנין בשכרן וחוזרין ולוקחין אותה מתרומת הלשכה
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