Ketubot 157
אתאי לקמיה דרב נחמן קרעיה ר"נ לשטרא אזל רב ענן לקמיה דמר עוקבא א"ל חזי מר נחמן חקלאה היכי מקרע שטרי דאינשי א"ל אימא לי איזי גופא דעובדא היכי הוה
she came before R. Nahman [to claim the return of her estate] and R. Nahman tore up the deed. Anan went to Mar Ukba and said to him, “See, Master, how Nahman the farmer tears up people’s deeds.” He said back to him, “Tell me how exactly the incident occurred.
א"ל הכי והכי הוה א"ל שטר מברחת קא אמרת הכי א"ר חנילאי בר אידי אמר שמואל מורה הוראה אני אם יבא שטר מברחת לידי אקרענו
He replied, “It happened in such and such a way.” He responded, “Do you refer to the deed of a woman intended as a means of evasion? Thus said R. Hanilai b. Idi in the name of Shmuel: I am an officially recognized judge, and should a deed which a woman intended as a means of evasion come into my hand I would tear it up.
א"ל רבא לרב נחמן טעמא מאי דלא שביק איניש נפשיה ויהיב לאחריני ה"מ לאחריני אבל לברתה יהיבא אפ"ה במקום ברתה נפשה עדיפא לה
Rava said to R. Nahman: What is the reason? Because a person would not neglect himself and give his property away to others. But this would apply to strangers only, but to a daughter one would give [away property]! Even in the case of a daughter a woman prefers to [keep her property] for herself.
מיתיבי הרוצה שתבריח נכסיה מבעלה כיצד היא עושה כותבת שטר פסים לאחרים דברי רשב"ג
An objection was raised: If a woman desires to keep her property from her husband, what is she to do? She writes out a deed of trust to a stranger, the words of R. Shimon b. Gamaliel.
ואי לא קננהי לוקח ניקנינהו בעל אמר אביי עשאום כנכסים שאין ידועין לבעל ואליבא דר"ש:
But if the buyer does not acquire her property the husband should acquire it! Abaye replied: It was treated as property unknown to the husband and in accordance with the view of R. Shimon.
<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> נפלו לה כספים ילקח בהן קרקע והוא אוכל פירות פירות התלושין מן הקרקע ילקח בהן קרקע והוא אוכל פירות
[If a married woman] came into the possession of money, land should be bought with the money and the husband is entitled to the usufruct. [If she came into the possession of] produce that was detached from the ground, land should be bought and the husband is entitled to the usufruct.
[פירות] המחוברים בקרקע א"ר מאיר שמין אותה כמה היא יפה בפירות וכמה היא יפה בלא פירות ומותר ילקח בהן קרקע והוא אוכל פירות וחכ"א המחוברים לקרקע שלו והתלושין מן הקרקע שלה וילקח בהן קרקע והוא אוכל פירות
[If it was] produce attached to the ground—Rabbi Meir says, the land is to be valued as to how much it is worth with the produce and how much without the produce, and with the difference land should be bought and the husband is entitled to the usufruct. The Sages say: produce attached to the ground belongs to the husband and produced detached from it belongs to the wife; [with the proceeds from the latter] land should be bought and the husband is entitled to the usufruct.
ר"ש אומר מקום שיפה כחו בכניסתה הורע כחו ביציאתה מקום שהורע כחו בכניסתה יפה כחו ביציאתה כיצד פירות המחוברים לקרקע בכניסתה שלו וביציאתה שלה והתלושין מן הקרקע בכניסתה שלה וביציאתה שלו:
Rabbi Shimon says: In respect to that in which the husband is at an advantage when he marries his wife he is at a disadvantage when he divorces her and in respect to that in which he is at a disadvantage when he marries her he is at an advantage when he divorces her. How? Produce which is attached to the ground is the husband’s when he marries his wife and hers when he divorces her, Produce that is detached from the ground is hers when she marries but the husband’s when she is divorced.
<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> פשיטא ארעא ובתי ארעא בתי ודיקלי בתי דיקלי ואילני דיקלי אילני וגופני אילני
GEMARA. It is obvious [that if husband and wife differ on the choice of purchase between] land and houses, land [is bought]. [If they differ on the choice between] houses and date-trees, houses [are bought]. [If they insist respectively on] date-trees and other fruit trees, date-trees [are bought]. [If their dispute is on] fruit trees and vines, fruit trees [are bought].
אבא זרדתא ופירא דכוורי אמרי לה פירא ואמרי לה קרנא כללא דמילתא גזעו מחליף פירא אין גזעו מחליף קרנא
[What, however, is the ruling if the husband desires to purchase] a thicket of sorb or a fish pond? Some maintain that it is regarded as produce; and others maintain that it is regarded as capital. This is the general rule: If the stump grows new shoots it is regarded as (capital) produce, but if the stump grows no new shoots it is regarded as (produce) capital.