Kiddushin 113

את לא דריש כדתניא שמעון העמסוני ואמרי לה נחמיה העמסוני היה דורש כל אתין שבתורה כיון שהגיע (דברים ו, יג) לאת ה' אלהיך תירא פירש

He does not interpret eth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As indicating extension or having any particular significance apart from its grammatical one.');">¹</span> As it was taught: Simeon the Imsonite<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jast. conjectures that it may mean from Amasia, in Pontus.');">²</span> - others state, Nehemiah the Imsonite, - interpreted every eth in the Torah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As an extending particle.');">³</span>

אמרו לו תלמידיו רבי כל אתין שדרשת מה תהא עליהם אמר להם כשם שקבלתי שכר על הדרישה כך קבלתי על הפרישה עד שבא רבי עקיבא ולימד את ה' אלהיך תירא לרבות תלמידי חכמים

but as soon as he came to, thou shalt fear [eth] the Lord thy God,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. VI, 13.');">⁴</span> he refrained.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Considering it impossible that this fear should be extended to another.');">⁵</span> Said his disciples to him, 'Master, what is to happen with all the ethin<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Pl. of eth.');">⁶</span>

בעגלה ערופה מנלן אמרי דבי רבי ינאי כפרה כתיב בה כקדשים

which you have interpreted? ' 'Just as I received reward for interpreting [them],' he replied: 'so do I receive reward for retracting.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'separating' (myself from them) . Since the eth in one verse has no particular significance, it can have none elsewhere. - It is a tribute to his character that although he must have interpreted an enormous number, he was prepared to admit his error and set them all aside.');">⁷</span> Subsequently<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'until'.');">⁸</span> R'Akiba came and taught: Thou shalt fear [eth] the Lord thy God, that is to include scholars.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who are the depositaries of God's word; hence the verse exhorts obedience to religious authority.');">⁹</span>

ציפורי מצורע מנלן דתנא דבי רבי ישמעאל נאמר מכשיר ומכפר מבפנים ונאמר מכשיר ומכפר מבחוץ

THE HEIFER WHICH IS BEHEADED: How do we know it? - Said the School of R'Jannai: 'Forgiveness' is stated in connection therewith,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Deut. XXI, 8.');">¹⁰</span> as with sacrifices.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Betrothal with which is invalid.');">¹¹</span> A LEPER'S BIRD-OFFERINGS: How do we know it? - For the School of R'Ishmael taught: Qualifying and atoning [sacrifices] are mentioned within [the Temple], and qualifying and atoning [sacrifices] are mentioned without: just as with the qualifying and atoning [sacrifices] mentioned within [the Temple], qualifying is made equal to atoning [sacrifices], so with the qualifying and atoning [sacrifices] mentioned without, the qualifying [sacrifice] is made equal to that which atones.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Qualifying' means a sacrifice whose purpose it is to qualify one to enter the Temple and partake of sacred food, i.e., to purify him from uncleanness; 'atoning', a sacrifice to atone for sin. Now, in his purification rites, a leper brought birds, which were sacrificed without the Temple');">¹²</span>

מה מכשיר ומכפר האמור בפנים עשה בו מכשיר כמכפר אף מכשיר ומכפר האמור בחוץ עשה בו מכשיר כמכפר

It was stated: From what time are a leper's birds forbidden?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That no benefit may be derived from them.');">¹³</span> R'Johanan maintained: From the time of slaughter;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Then the slaughtered one becomes forbidden, while the other (v. Lev, XIV, 7) , is likewise forbidden from then until it is actually freed. - Tosaf.');">¹⁴</span> Resh Lakish said: From the time they are taken.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., set aside for that purpose. On the bird that is freed v. preceding note');">¹⁵</span>

איתמר ציפורי מצורע מאימתי אסורים רבי יוחנן אמר משעת שחיטה ור"ל אמר משעת לקיחה ר' יוחנן אמר משעת שחיטה שחיטה הוא דאסרה לה ר"ל אמר משעת לקיחה מעגלה ערופה נפקא מה עגלה ערופה מחיים אף ציפורי מצורע מחיים

R'Johanan maintained, From the time of slaughter,' it is the slaughter that renders it forbidden.' Resh Lakish said: From the time they are taken' - it is learned from the heifer that is to be beheaded. Just as the heifer that is to be beheaded is [forbidden] while it yet lives,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Like all sacrifices, which are forbidden as soon as they are dedicated.');">¹⁶</span>

ועגלה ערופה גופה מאימתי א"ר ינאי גבול שמעתי בה ושכחתי ונסבין חבריא לומר ירידתה לנחל איתן היא אוסרתה אי מה עגלה ערופה משעת לקיחה לא מיתסרא אף ציפורי מצורע נמי משעת לקיחה לא מיתסרי הכי השתא התם אית ליה גבול אחרינא הכא מי אית ליה גבול אחרינא

so are the leper's birds [forbidden] while yet alive. And from what time is the heifer that is to be beheaded itself forbidden? - Said R'Jannai: I have heard a time limit for it, but have forgotten it: while our colleagues maintain,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'take it up to say'.');">¹⁷</span> Its descent to the rugged valley,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Deut. XXI, 4 and Sot. (Sonc. ed.) p. 235, n. 6,');">¹⁸</span>

איתיביה ר' יוחנן לריש לקיש (דברים יד, יא) כל צפור טהורה תאכלו לרבות את המשולחת וזה אשר לא תאכלו מהם לרבות את השחוטה ואי ס"ד מחיים אסורה לאחר שחיטה מיבעיא מהו דתימא מידי דהוה אקדשים דמחיים אסירי ואתיא שחיטה ומכשרה להו קמ"ל

that renders it forbidden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not as soon as it is taken.');">¹⁹</span> If so, just as the heifer that is to be beheaded is not forbidden from the time it is taken, so are the leper's birds not forbidden from when they are taken? - How now! There it has another determining point;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whilst alive, viz., its descent etc.');">²⁰</span> but here, is there any other determining point?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If not from when it is taken, what other point of demarcation during its lifetime is possible?');">²¹</span>

איתיביה שחטה ונמצאת טריפה יקח זוג לשניה והראשונה מותרת בהנאה ואי ס"ד מחיים אסורה הראשונה אמאי מותרת בהנאה א"ל הכא במאי עסקינן כגון שנמצאת טריפה בבני מעיה דלא חל עלה קדושה כלל

R'Johanan raised an objection to Resh Lakish: Of all clean birds ye may eat:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XIV, 11.');">²²</span> this includes the bird that i set free.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'All' is an extension.');">²³</span> But these are they of which ye shall not eat:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 12.');">²⁴</span>

איתיביה שחטה שלא באזוב ושלא בעץ ארז ושלא בשני תולעת ר' יעקב אומר הואיל והוקצה למצותה אסורה רבי שמעון אומר הואיל ונשחטה שלא כמצותה מותרת

that includes the slaughtered bird.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Both referring to the leper's birds.');">²⁵</span> But should you think that it is forbidden while yet alive, is it necessary [to state it] after slaughter? - You might argue: It analogous to sacrifices, which are forbidden whilst alive,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From when they are dedicated.');">²⁶</span> yet the slaughtering comes and qualifies them [as food]; therefore we are told [otherwise].

עד כאן לא פליגי אלא מר סבר שחיטה שאינה ראויה שמה שחיטה ומר סבר שחיטה שאינה ראויה לא שמה שחיטה דכולי עלמא מיהא מחיים לא מיתסרא

He raised an objection: If it is slaughtered and found to be trefa,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">²⁷</span> he must take a companion for the second,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not a fresh pair.');">²⁸</span> and benefit from the first is permitted.

תנאי היא דתנא דבי ר' ישמעאל נאמר מכשיר ומכפר מבפנים ונאמר מכשיר ומכפר בחוץ

But should you think that it is forbidden while yet alive, why may one benefit from the first!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For perhaps it was not trefa when taken, in which case, being fit for its ultimate purpose. it became forbidden. How then was that prohibition lifted?');">²⁹</span> - The circumstances here are, e.g. , it was found to be trefa in its inwards,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The type of trefa which must have been with it from the very beginning when taken.');">³⁰</span> so that no sanctity fell upon it at all.

מה מכשיר ומכפר האמור בפנים עשה בו מכשיר כמכפר אף מכשיר ומכפר האמור בחוץ עשה בו מכשיר כמכפר

He raised an objection: If it is slaughtered without the hyssop, the cedar wood and the scarlet thread,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Lev. XIV, 4.');">³¹</span> - R'Jacob said: Since it was set aside for its religious purposes it is forbidden; R'Simeon said: Since it was n slaughtered according to its regulations, it is permitted. Now, they differ only in so far as one Master holds that an unfit slaughtering<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., unfit to achieve its object, owing to the absence of the hyssop etc.');">³²</span>

גופא כל צפור טהורה תאכלו לרבות את המשולחת וזה אשר לא תאכלו מהם לרבות את השחוטה

is designated slaughtering;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence it is forbidden.');">³³</span> while the other Master holds that such is not designated slaughtering; but all agree at least that it is not forbidden while yet alive? - It is [a controversy of] Tannaim. For the School of Ishmael taught: 'Qualifying' and 'atoning' are mentioned within [the Temple], and 'qualifying' and 'atoning' are mentioned without: just as with the 'qualifying' and 'atoning' mentioned within, 'qualifying' is made equal to 'atoning', so with the 'qualifying' and 'atoning' mentioned without, 'qualifying' is made equal to 'atoning'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 284, n. 9. Hence, just as sacrifices ('atoning') are forbidden while alive, so are the leper's birds ('qualifying') too. Thus the School of Ishmael disagrees with R. Jacob and R. Simeon.');">³⁴</span>

ואיפוך אנא אמר רבי יוחנן משום ר"ש בן יוחי לא מצינו בעלי חיים שאסורים מתקיף לה רב שמואל בר רב יצחק ולא הרי

The text [above stated]: 'Of all clean birds ye may eat: this includes the bird that is set free. But these they which ye shall not eat: that includes the slaughtered bird.' But may I not reverse it? - Said R'Johanan on the authority of R'Simeon B'Yohai: We do not find live creatures [permanently] forbidden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence 'they which ye shall not eat' cannot include the bird that is freed.');">³⁵</span> R'Samuel son of R'Isaac demurred: Do we not? But