Kiddushin 53

נתון לו ליהושע ומקומו מושכר לו ועישור אחר שאני עתיד למוד נתון לו לעקיבא בן יוסף כדי שיזכה בו לעניים ומקומו מושכר לו ש"מ בעינן צבורים בה שאני התם כי היכי דלא ליטרחינהו

be given to Joshua,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., R. Joshua b. Hanania, who was a Levite.');">¹</span> and its place [where it is lying] be rented to him; and the other tenth which I am to measure out be given to Akiba B'Joseph, that he shall acquire it on behalf of the poor,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It was either the third or the sixth year after the year or release (shemittah) , when a tithe must be given to the poor. R. Akiba was the charity overseer.');">²</span> and its place be rented to him'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And they were to obtain a title in virtue of the place. - Rashi states: R. Gamaliel had forgotten to separate the tithes before leaving home, nor had he authorized his household to do so, and he was afraid that they might eat thereof before his return. Tosaf.: It was the time when all tithes had to be given up (likewise at the end of the third and the sixth years: though the tithes were separated before, they might be kept in the house of the Israelite until then) , and R. Gamaliel chose this way of giving it. In that case it would appear that the tithes had already been separated, but the phrase, 'which I am to measure out' suggests otherwise; v. Rashal and Maharsha. v. B.M. (Sonc. ed.) p. 62 and notes.');">³</span>

ת"ש דאמר רבא בר יצחק אמר רב שני שטרות הן זכו בשדה זו לפלוני וכתבו לו את השטר חוזר בשטר ואינו חוזר בשדה ע"מ שתכתבו לו את השטר חוזר בין בשטר בין בשדה

This proves that they must be heaped up thereon.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Otherwise, why specify the particular spot where they lie?');">⁴</span> - [No:] there it was different, for he did not wish to give them trouble.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The place being rented to them, they could remove the tithes at their convenience. But had he rented some other place to them, he might have wanted the spot where they were lying.');">⁵</span> Come and hear: For Raba B'Isaac said in Rab's name: There are two [different kinds of] deeds.

ורב חייא בר אבין אמר רב הונא שלשה שטרות הן תרי הא דאמרן אידך אם קדם מוכר וכתב לו את השטר כאותה ששנינו כותבים שטר למוכר אע"פ שאין לוקח עמו כיון שהחזיק עמו בקרקע נקנה שטר בכל מקום שהוא

[Thus: If a man declares,] 'Acquire a title to this field on behalf of So-and-so, an indite a deed for him,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As evidence of ownership.');">⁶</span> he can retract from the deed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Should he say: 'I do not wish him to have proof that the field is his.'');">⁷</span> but not from the field.

שמע מינה לא בעינן צבורים בה שאני שטר דאפסירא דארעא הוא

[But if he stipulates,] 'on condition that you indite a deed for him,' he can retract from both the deed and the field.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For they are interdependent.');">⁸</span> R'Hiyya B'Abin said in R'Huna's name: There are three [kinds of] deeds. Two, as just stated.

והא עלה קתני זו היא ששנינו נכסים שאין להם אחריות נקנין עם נכסים שיש להם אחריות בכסף בשטר ובחזקה ש"מ לא בעינן צבורים בה ש"מ:

The third: If the vendor anticipates [payment] and indites a deed for him [the vendee], in accordance with what we learnt: A deed may be written for the vendor<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., my field is sold to X.');">⁹</span> even though the vendee is not with him,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Either where the vendee has already formally obtained a title thereto, or, according to Abaye, even without it, the mere attesting of such a deed causing the transfer.');">¹⁰</span> then as soon as he takes possession of the land, the deed is vested [in the vendee] wherever it is.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though not actually on the land.');">¹¹</span>

איבעיא להו מי בעינן אגב או לא ת"ש דקתני כל הני ולא קתני אגב ולטעמיך קני מי קתני

This proves that they need not be heaped up thereon!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For fuller notes v. B.B. (Sonc. ed.) p. 309.');">¹²</span> - A deed is different, as it is the bit of the land.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Like the bit used for leading a horse. I.e., the deed is valueless in itself, but a part of the land transaction, of which it is evidence. But other movables, valuable in themselves, possibly need not be heaped up on the land. cdt');">¹³</span> But thereon it was taught: This is [an example of] what we learnt, PROPERTY WHICH DOES NOT PROVIDE SECURITY MAY BE ACQUIRED IN CONJUNCTION WITH PROPERTY WHICH PROVIDES SECURITY BY MONEY, BY DEED OR BY HAZAKAH.

אלא עד דאמר קני הכא נמי עד דאמר אגב והלכתא צבורים לא בעינן אגב וקני בעינן:

This proves that they need not be heaped up thereon! This proves it. The scholars propounded: Is 'by dint' [thereof] necessary or not?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' i,e., must the vendor or donor state that the movables are to be acquired in virtue of the land?');">¹⁴</span> - Come and hear: For all these [cases] are taught,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On 26b: a hundred sheep etc.');">¹⁵</span>

אבעיא להו שדה במכר ומטלטלין במתנה מהו ת"ש עישור שאני עתיד למוד נתון ליהושע ומקומו מושכר לו ש"מ

and yet 'by dint of is not mentioned. And on your view; is 'Let him acquire it' taught?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though it is certain that that must be said.');">¹⁶</span> But it must mean, only when he says: 'Acquire it'; then here too, [it may mean] only when he says: 'By dint of.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And they are omitted because they are taken for granted.');">¹⁷</span>

איבעיא להו שדה לאחד ומטלטלין לאחר מהו ת"ש עישור שאני עתיד למוד נתון לעקיבא בן יוסף כדי שיזכה בו לעניים ומקומו מושכר לו

Now, the law is: they need not be heaped thereon, whereas 'Acquire it,' and 'By dint of are essential. The scholars propounded: What if the field is sold and the movables are gifted?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Can the latter be acquired through the former?');">¹⁸</span> - Come and hear: 'The tenth which I am to measure out to be given to Joshua and its place be rented to him.'

מאי מושכר מושכר למעשר ואי בעית אימא שאני ר' עקיבא דיד עניים הוה

This proves it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the tithe was gifted, whereas the place was rented, which is a temporary sale.');">¹⁹</span> The scholars propounded: What if the field [is transferred] to one person, and the movables to another?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Can one say: 'Acquire the field, and in virtue thereof let So-and-so acquire the movables'?');">²⁰</span> - Come and hear: 'A tenth which I am to measure out be given to Akiba B'Joseph, that he shall acquire it on behalf of the poor, and its place be rented to him.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus the tenth was for the poor, while the place was rented to R. Akiba.');">²¹</span>

אמר רבא לא שנו אלא שנתן דמי כולן אבל לא נתן דמי כולן לא קנה אלא כנגד מעותיו

[This does not solve it:] What is meant by 'rented'? Rented for the tithe.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And no other purpose. Hence it was really rented to the poor.');">²²</span> Alternatively, R'Akiba was different, for he was the hand of the poor.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., he was their representative.');">²³</span>

תניא כוותיה דרבא יפה כח הכסף מכח השטר וכח השטר מכח הכסף יפה כח הכסף שהכסף פודין בו הקדשות ומעשר שני מה שאין כן בשטר ויפה כח השטר שהשטר מוציא בבת ישראל מה שאין כן בכסף

Raba said: This was taught<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That movables are acquired along with land.');">²⁴</span> only if he [the purchaser] had paid the money for them all. But if he had not paid the money for them all, he acquires only to the extent of his money.

ויפה כח שניהם מכח חזקה וכח חזקה מכח שניהם יפה כח שניהם ששניהם קונים בעבד עברי מה שאין כן בחזקה יפה כח חזקה שחזקה מכר לו עשר שדות בעשר מדינות כיון שהחזיק באחת מהם קנאם כולם

It was taught in agreement with Raba. The power of money is superior to that of a deed, and the power of a deed is superior to that of money. The power of money is superior [etc.], in that hekdesh<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The plural hekdashoth, sacred objects, viz., animals dedicated to the altar which had subsequently received a blemish, or any object consecrated for Temple use.');">²⁵</span> and the second tithe<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 4, n. 4.');">²⁶</span> are redeemed therewith, which is not so in the case of deed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The writing of a deed obligating the owner with their redemption value does not redeem them.');">²⁷</span> And the power of a deed is superior, for a deed can free an Israelite daughter,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the marriage bond, viz., divorce.');">²⁸</span> which does not hold good of money. And the power of both is superior to that of hazakah, and the power of hazakah is superior to that of both. The power of both is superior [etc.], in that both give a title to a Hebrew slave, which is not so in the case of hazakah. And the power of hazakah is superior to that of both: For with hazakah, if A sells B ten fields [situate] in ten countries, as soon as B tak possession<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By means of hazakah, which is the meaning of hehezik.');">²⁹</span> of one, he acquires all.