Makkot 25
מעלים היו שכר ללוים דברי רבי יהודה רבי מאיר אומר לא היו מעלים להן שכר וחוזר לשררה שהיה בה דברי רבי מאיר רבי יהודה אומר לא היה חוזר לשררה שהיה בה:
[The murderers] would have to pay up rent to the Levites [who inhabited the city of refuge]. These are the words of Rebbi Yehuda. Rebbi Meir says, [The murderers] would not have to pay up rent. And [upon release, the murderers] would return to their positions that they had held [prior to exile]. These are the words of Rebbi Meir. Rebbi Yehuda says, [The murderers] would not return to their previous positions.
<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אמר רב כהנא מחלוקת בשש דמר סבר (במדבר לה, יב) לכם לקליטה ומר סבר לכם לכל צרכיכם אבל בארבעים ושתים דברי הכל היו מעלין להם שכר
<b>GEMARA:</b> Rav Kahana says, The dispute [in our Mishna] only concerns the six [primary cities of refuge]. That one opinion [Rebbi Yehuda] holds (Numbers 35,12) "For you" implies [only] for protection. And the other opinion [Rebbi Meir] holds "For you" implies for all of your needs. But by the forty two [additional cities of refuge] everyone agrees that [the murderers] would pay rent.
א"ל רבא הא ודאי לכם לכל צרכיכם משמע אלא אמר רבא מחלוקת בארבעים ושתים דמר סבר (במדבר לה, ו) ועליהם תתנו כי הנך לקליטה ומר סבר ועליהם תתנו כי הנך מה הנך לכל צרכיכם אף הני נמי לכל צרכיכם אבל בשש דברי הכל לא היו מעלים להן שכר:
Rava said to him [Rav Kahana], "For you" most definitively implies for all of your needs. Rather Rava says, The dispute concerns the forty two [additional cities of refuge], that one opinion [Rebbi Yehuda] holds (Numbers 35, 6) "and besides then you should designate" [implies] that they should be like those [the six primary cities only] with regards to protection. And the other opinion [Rebbi Meir] holds "and besides then you should designate" [implies] that they should be like those [the six primary cities]. Just as those [the six] are for all of your needs, so too these [the forty two] are for all of your needs. But with regards to the six [primary cities], everyone agrees that [the murderers] would not pay rent.
חוזר לשררה שהיה בה כו': תנו רבנן (ויקרא כה, מא) ושב אל משפחתו ואל אחוזת אבותיו ישוב למשפחתו הוא שב ואינו שב למה שהחזיקו אבותיו דברי ר"י ר"מ אומר אף הוא שב למה שהחזיקו אבותיו אל אחוזת אבותיו כאבותיו
He returns to the position that he had previously occupied etc.: The Rabbis taught [in a baraisa regarding a freed Jewish slave], (Leviticus 25,41) "And he shall return to his family and to his ancestral holdings he shall return" [this implies that] to his family he returns but that he does not return to his ancestral positions. These are the words of Rebbi Yehuda. Rebbi Meir says, He even returns to the positions of his ancestors [as the Torah says] "to his ancestral holdings" [which implies] like his ancestors.
מאי וכן בגולה כדתניא (במדבר לה, כח) ישוב הרוצח אל ארץ אחוזתו לארץ אחוזתו הוא שב ואינו שב למה שהחזיקו אבותיו דברי רבי יהודה ר"מ אומר אף הוא שב למה שהחזיקו אבותיו גמר שיבה שיבה מהתם:
What do we mean "and similarly by an exile"? Like we learned in a baraisa, (Numbers 35,28) "The murderer shall return to his family and to his ancestral land" [this implies that] to his ancestral lands he returns but that he does not return to his ancestral positions. These are the words of Rebbi Yehuda. Rebbi Meir says, He even returns to the positions of his ancestors. [Rebbi Meir] learns [a gezaira shava of] שיבה שיבה from there [the Jewish slave].
מתני׳ <big><strong>ואלו</strong></big> הן הלוקין הבא על אחותו ועל אחות אביו ועל אחות אמו ועל אחות אשתו ועל אשת אחיו ועל אשת אחי אביו ועל הנדה אלמנה לכהן גדול גרושה וחלוצה לכהן הדיוט ממזרת ונתינה לישראל בת ישראל לנתין ולממזר
<b>MISHNA:</b> And these are the ones who receive lashes. One who cohabits with his sister, with his father's sister, with his mother's sister with his brother' wife's sister, with his brother's wife, with his father's brother's wife, or with a nidda [i.e. a menstruating lady]. A widow with a high priest, a divorcee or a arkham who received chalutzah with a regular priest, a mamzeres [i.e. illegitimate woman] or nasina [i.e. a Gibeonite woman] with an Israelite, the daughter if a priest with a nasan or a mamzer. [All of these aforementioned cohabitations are subject to lashes.]
אלמנה וגרושה חייבין עליה משום שני שמות גרושה וחלוצה אינו חייב אלא משום אחת בלבד:
A widow [who is] a divorcee [cohabiting with a high priest] is liable because of two prohibitions. A divorcee [who had also] received chalutzah [cohabiting with an ordinary priest] is only liable to one prohibition alone.
הטמא שאכל את הקדש והבא אל המקדש טמא ואוכל חלב ודם ונותר ופגול וטמא
[Continuing the list] someone who was impure and ate sacred food, or one who entered the Temple while impure, or one who ate chalev [forbidden fats], blood, noser [sacrifices left passed their allotted time], piggul [sacrifices offered with the wrong intentions], or impure foods.
והשוחט ומעלה בחוץ והאוכל חמץ בפסח והאוכל והעושה מלאכה ביום הכפורים והמפטם את השמן והמפטם את הקטורת והסך בשמן המשחה והאוכל נבילות וטריפות שקצים ורמשים
Or one who slaughtered and brought up an animal outside [the Temple]. One who ate chometz on Pesach, one who ate or did work on Yom Kippur, One who replicated the anointing oil, one who replicated the ketoras, one who anointed himself with the anointing oil, one who ate carcasses, treif animals, insects, or reptiles.
כמה יאכל מן הטבל ויהא חייב רבי שמעון אומר כל שהוא וחכמים אומרים כזית אמר להן רבי שמעון אי אתם מודים לי באוכל נמלה כל שהוא שהוא חייב אמרו לו מפני שהיא כברייתה אמר להן אף חטה אחת כברייתה:
How much must one eat from tevel to be liable? Rebbi Shimon says any amount, and the sages say one k'zais. Rebbi Shimon said to them [the sages], Will you not agree with me that one who eats an ant of any size is liable? They responded, That is because it is in the form that it was created. He [Rebbi Shimon] said back to them, Also a kernel of wheat is in the form that it was created.
<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> חייבי כריתות קא תני חייבי מיתות ב"ד לא קתני מתני׳ מני רבי עקיבא היא דתניא אחד חייבי כריתות ואחד חייבי מיתות בית דין
<b>GEMARA:</b> Liabilities of kares are taught in our mishna, liabilities of court execution are not taught in our mishna. Who is the author of our mishna? Rebbi Akiva. That we learned in a baraisa, Both liabilities of kares and liabilities of court execution