Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Makkot 39

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1

לוקה אחת

He receives one set of malkus.

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2

וזר שאכלה לוקה שתים שאילו בתחלה אכלה אינו לוקה אלא אחת

But if he was a zar [non-Kohen] he would have received two sets of malkus. But if he had originally eaten it [without designating any tithes] he would have only been liable one set of malkus.

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3

טעמא דאיתיה בירושלים הא בגבולין לוקה שלש דאע"ג דלאו רואה פני חומה דעיילי ואפקי

The reason [why he would only be liable two] is that he was in Jersulselm, but if he would have been in the provinces, he would have liable three even though it never "saw the face of the wall"! The baraisa was referring to a case where he brought it in and out.

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4

אי הכי מאי למימרא הכא במאי עסקינן כגון דעיילינהו בטיבלייהו וקסבר מתנות שלא הורמו כמי שהורמו דמיין

If so then what would be the need to say it? [It should have been obvious.] Here we are dealing with a case where he brought it into [Jerusalem] in an untithed state, and he is of the opinion that gifts that weren't yet given are considered as if they were given.

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5

וסבר ר' יוסי מתנות שלא הורמו כמי שהורמו דמי והתניא רבי שמעון בן יהודה אומר משום רבי יוסי לא נחלקו בית שמאי ובית הלל על פירות שלא נגמרה מלאכתן ועברו בירושלים שיפדה מעשר שני שלהן ויאכל בכל מקום

But does Rebbi Yossi hold that gifts that weren't yet given are considered as if they were given? But, it was taught in a baraisa that Rebbi Shimon ben Yehudah says in the name of Rebbi Yossi, Beis Shammai and Beis Hillel did not argue about produce where the processing was unfinished when it passed through Jerusalem, that the maaser sheni from them can [still] be redeemed and eaten anywhere.

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6

ועל מה נחלקו על פירות שנגמרה מלאכתן ועברו בירושלים שבית שמאי אומרים יחזיר מעשר שני שלהם ויאכל בירושלים וב"ה אומרים יפדה ויאכל בכל מקום ואי סלקא דעתך מתנות שלא הורמו כמי שהורמו דמיין הא קלטוהו מחיצות

On what do they argue? Concerning produce which had the processing finished prior to passing through Jerusalem. That Beis Shammai say that he must return it's maaser sheni and eat it in Jerusalem. But Beis Hillel say that it can be redeemed and eaten anywhere. And if we were to conclude that gifts that weren't yet given are considered as if they were given, why the walls already encompassed [the maaser sheni, and it would have to be brought back to Jerusalem even according to Beis Hillel!?]

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7

אמר רבה מחיצה לאכול דאורייתא מחיצה לקלוט דרבנן וכי גזור רבנן כי איתיה בעיניה בטבליה לא גזור רבנן

Rava says, the boundary regarding eating is Biblical, but the boundary regarding encompassing is only Rabbinical. And when did the Rabbis decree this rule? Only when it is actually there, but in a case where it is untithed the Rabbis did not apply this rule.

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8

רבינא אמר כגון דנקיט ליה בקניא ותפשוט בעיא דרב פפא:

Ravina said, The Barasia is referring to where he carried the Maaser Sheni on a stick, and thus we can answer the question of Rav Pappa.

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9

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> הקורח קרחה בראשו והמקיף פאת ראשו והמשחית פאת זקנו והשורט שריטה אחת על המת חייב שרט שריטה אחת על חמשה מתים או חמש שריטות על מת אחד חייב על כל אחת ואחת

MISHNA: One who balds a bald spot on his head, or one who cuts the corners of his head, or one who destroys the corners of his beard, or one who incised an incision [in his skin] over someone's death, is liable [to malkus]. One who makes a single incision over five deaths or makes five incisions over one death is liable for each and every one.

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10

על הראש שתים אחת מכאן ואחת מכאן על הזקן שתים מכאן ושתים מכאן ואחת מלמטה רבי אליעזר אומר אם ניטלו כולן כאחת אינו חייב אלא אחת

For [shaving the entire] head, one would be liable twice, once on this side and once on that side. For [shaving the entire] beard, one would be liable twice on this side, twice on that side, and once below. Rebbi Eliezer says, If he removed all [of the five spots] simultaneously, he would only be liable once.

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11

ואינו חייב עד שיטלנו בתער רבי אליעזר אומר אפילו לקטו במלקט או ברהיטני חייב:

And he is not liable unless he removes them with a razor. Rebbi Eliezer says, Even if removes them with wood planes and tweezers, he would be liable.

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12

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנו רבנן (ויקרא כא, ה) לא יקרחו יכול אפילו קרח ארבע וחמש קריחות לא יהא חייב אלא אחת תלמוד לומר קרחה לחייב על כל קרחה וקרחה בראשם מה תלמוד לומר לפי שנאמר (דברים יד, א) לא תתגודדו ולא תשימו קרחה בין עיניכם למת יכול לא יהא חייב אלא על בין העינים בלבד מנין לרבות כל הראש תלמוד לומר בראשם לרבות כל הראש

GEMARA: The Rabbis taught in a baraisa (Leviticus 21,5) "Do not make a bald spot", I might think may mean that even one who made four or five bald spots is only liable once, the Torah therefore says, "A bald spot" to make one liable for each and every bald spot. Why does the Torah say "On the head"? Because it says (Deuteronomy 14,1) "You shall not cut yourselves nor make any baldness between your eyes the dead", I may think that this would mean that one is only liable for between the eyes, from where do I know to include the rest of the head? The Torah therefore says "On the head" to include the entire head.

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13

ואין לי אלא בכהנים שריבה בהן הכתוב מצות יתירות ישראל מנין

And I currently only know that this applies to Kohenim, where the Torah added many mitzvos. From where would I know that this also applies to lay Israelites?

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14

נאמר כאן קרחה ונאמר להלן קרחה מה להלן חייב על כל קרחה וקרחה וחייב על הראש כבין העינים אף כאן חייב על כל קרחה וקרחה וחייב על הראש כבין העינים ומה להלן על מת אף כאן על מת

It says here "a bald spot" and it says there "a bald spot", just as there, one is liable for each and every bald spot and one is liable to the entire head as he is to between the eyes, so too here one is liable for each and every bald spot and one is liable to the entire head as he is to between the eyes. And just as there one is only liable [for making a bald spot] on a death, so too here [it must be] on a death.

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15

הני ד' וה' קריחות ה"ד אילימא בזה אחר זה ובחמש התראות פשיטא

What are the circumstances regarding these four or five bald spots [that we had mentioned]? If you will say that they are one after the other with five separate warnings, then it would be obvious [that he incurs five separate sets of malkus]!

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