Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Megillah 6

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1

מלמד שלן בעומקה של הלכה ואמר רב שמואל בר אוניא גדול תלמוד תורה יותר מהקרבת תמידין שנאמר עתה באתי

his shows that he spent the night in the depths [omkah] of the halakhah. And R. Shmuel b. Unia also said: he study of the Torah is greater than the offering of the daily sacrifices, as it says, “I have come now.”

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2

לא קשיא הא דרבים והא דיחיד

There is no contradiction; in the one case [the study] of an individual is meant, in the other that of the whole people.

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3

ודיחיד קל והתנן נשים במועד מענות אבל לא מטפחות ר' ישמעאל אומר אם היו סמוכות למטה מטפחות בראשי חדשים בחנוכה ובפורים מענות ומטפחות בזה ובזה אבל לא מקוננות

But is that of an individual unimportant? Have we not learned: Women [when mourning] on a festival may make a dirge but they do not beat their chests. R. Ishmael says: If they are near the bier, they can beat their chests. On Rosh Hodesh, Hanukkah and Purim they may make a dirge and beat their chests, but on neither the one nor the other do they wail.

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4

ואמר רבה בר הונא אין מועד בפני תלמיד חכם כל שכן חנוכה ופורים

And in reference to this, Rabbah b. Huna said: The festival involves no mourning restrictions in the case of a scholar, still less Hanukkah and Purim.

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5

כבוד תורה קאמרת כבוד תורה דיחיד חמור תלמוד תורה דיחיד קל

You are speaking of the honor to be paid to the Torah. The honor to be paid to the learning of an individual is important, the study of an individual is less important.

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6

אמר רבא פשיטא לי עבודה ומקרא מגילה מקרא מגילה עדיף מדר' יוסי בר חנינא תלמוד תורה ומקרא מגילה מקרא מגילה עדיף מדסמכו של בית רבי

Rava said: There is no question in my mind that, as between the Temple service and the reading of the Megillah, the reading of the Megillah takes priority, for the reason given by R. Yose b. Hanina. As between the study of the Torah and the reading of the Megillah, the reading of the Megillah takes priority, since the members of the house of Rabbi based themselves [on the statement of R. Yose].

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7

תלמוד תורה ומת מצוה מת מצוה עדיף מדתניא מבטלין תלמוד תורה להוצאת מת ולהכנסת כלה עבודה ומת מצוה מת מצוה עדיף (במדבר ו, ז) מולאחותו

[Of] Torah study and the Mitzvah of the Dead (burying an unattended corpse), the Mitzvah of the Dead is preferable, as it was taught: Torah study is ceased to bring out the dead [for burial] and to bring in a bride [to the place of her wedding]. [Of Temple] service and the Mitzvah of the Dead, the Mitzvah of the Dead is preferable from [the phrase] "or for his sister" (Numbers 6:7).

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8

דתניא ולאחותו מה ת"ל הרי שהיה הולך לשחוט את פסחו ולמול את בנו ושמע שמת לו מת יכול יטמא

as we learn from (the verse) “or for his sister” as it has been taught: “Or for his sister” (Numbers 6:7). What is Scripture saying? Suppose he was on his way to slaughter his pesah sacrifice or to circumcise his son, and he heard that a near relative had died, shall I assume that he should defile himself?

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9

אמרת לא יטמא יכול כשם שאינו מיטמא לאחותו כך אינו מיטמא למת מצוה ת"ל ולאחותו לאחותו הוא דאינו מיטמא אבל מיטמא למת מצוה

You should say, he should not defile himself. Shall I assume then that, just as he does not defile himself for his sister, so he should not defile himself for a met mitzvah? It says, “or for his sister,” it is for his sister that he may not defile himself, but he may defile himself for a met mitzvah.

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10

בעי רבא מקרא מגילה ומת מצוה הי מינייהו עדיף מקרא מגילה עדיף משום פרסומי ניסא או דלמא מת מצוה עדיף משום כבוד הבריות בתר דבעיא הדר פשטה מת מצוה עדיף דאמר מר גדול כבוד הבריות שדוחה את לא תעשה שבתורה

Rava asked: Is between the reading of the Megillah and [attending to] a met mitzvah, which takes precedence? Shall I say that the reading of the Megillah takes precedence in order to publicize the miracle, or does perhaps [the burying of] the met mitzvah take precedence because of the respect due to human beings? After he asked the question, he himself answered it saying, Burying] the met mitzvah takes precedence, since a Master has said: Great is the [obligation to pay due] respect to human beings, since it overrides a negative precept of the Torah.

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11

גופא א"ר יהושע בן לוי כרך וכל הסמוך לו וכל הנראה עמו נדון ככרך תנא סמוך אע"פ שאינו נראה נראה אע"פ שאינו סמוך

Our text says: Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: A wall city and all that is near it and all that is seen with it is included with the walled city. It was taught: A nearby [town] even though it is not seen, and a visible [town] even though it is not near.

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12

בשלמא נראה אע"פ שאינו סמוך משכחת לה כגון דיתבה בראש ההר אלא סמוך אע"פ שאינו נראה היכי משכחת לה א"ר ירמיה שיושבת בנחל

Now we understand what is meant by visible even though not adjoining: this can occur for instance with a city situated on the top of a hill. But how can there be adjoining but not visible? Jeremiah said: If it is situated in a valley.

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13

וא"ר יהושע בן לוי כרך שישב ולבסוף הוקף נדון ככפר מ"ט דכתיב (ויקרא כה, כט) ואיש כי ימכור בית מושב עיר חומה שהוקף ולבסוף ישב ולא שישב ולבסוף הוקף

Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi said: A (walled) city that was initially settled [without walls] and then was surrounded [by a wall] is treated like a village. What is the reason? Because it is written (Leviticus 25:29): "If a man shall sell a residence in a walled city"; that is, it was surrounded [by a wall] then settled, and not that it was settled and then surrounded.

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14

ואמר ריב"ל כרך שאין בו עשרה בטלנין נדון ככפר מאי קמ"ל תנינא איזו היא עיר גדולה כל שיש בה עשרה בטלנין פחות מכאן הרי זה כפר כרך איצטריך ליה אע"ג דמיקלעי ליה מעלמא

And R. Joshua b. Levi said: A city in which there are not ten men of leisure is reckoned as a village. What does he tell us? We have already learned this: What is a large town? One in which there are ten men of leisure. If there are fewer than this, it is reckoned as a village. He had to point out that the rule applies to a city, even though [leisured] people come there from outside.

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15

ואמר ריב"ל כרך שחרב ולבסוף ישב נדון ככרך מאי חרב אילימא חרבו חומותיו ישב אין לא ישב לא והא תניא רבי אליעזר בר יוסי אומר (ויקרא כה, ל) אשר לוא חומה אף על פי שאין לו עכשיו והיה לו קודם לכן

Joshua b. Levi also said: A city which has been laid waste and afterwards settled is reckoned as a city. What is meant by “laid waste”? If you say, that its walls have been destroyed, in which case if it became settled it is reckoned as a city but otherwise not? But has it not been taught: R. Elazar son of R. Yose says: [The text says], “which has a wall” [which implies that it is to be reckoned as a city] even though it does not have a wall now, provided it had one previously?

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16

אלא מאי חרב שחרב מעשרה בטלנין

Rather, What then is meant by “laid waste”? Laid waste of its ten men of leisure.

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17

ואמר ריב"ל

Joshua b. Levi further said:

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