Meilah 36

אבותיהם ויזנו אחרי הבעלים

their fathers.

יכול פגם ולא נהנה או נהנה ולא פגם ובמחובר לקרקע ובשליח שעשה שליחותו

and went astray after the gods of the peoples of the land.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Chron. V, 25. Cur. edd. read wrongly 'after the Baals'.');">¹</span>

תלמוד לומר וחטאה

One might assume that [the Law of Sacrilege applied also to a case] where one has damaged [consecrated things] but has derived therefrom no benefit or has derived a benefit but has left the things unimpaired, or [that it applies] to things attached to the ground and in the case of a messenger who has carried out his appointed errand.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., that the agent should be liable to the penalty of sacrilege and not his employer, in accordance with the otherwise valid general rule: 'One cannot appoint a deputy for an illegal act'. V. however infra 20a.');">²</span>

נאמר {ויקרא כב } חטא בתרומה ונאמר חטא במעילה

The text<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. V, 15.');">³</span>

מה חטא האמור בתרומה פוגם ונהנה

therefore states, 'and sin'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is really a repetition of the words preceding it 'commit a trespass' and is thus superfluous.');">⁴</span>

ומי שפגם נהנה

[The term] 'sin' is used in connection with terumah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXII, 9, with reference to the priest's share of the crop; v. Glos.');">⁵</span>

ובדבר שפוגם בו נהנה

and 'sin'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or rather the verb of the same root.');">⁶</span>

ופגימתו והנאתו כאחד

is also mentioned in connection with sacrilege: just as 'sin' mentioned in connection with terumah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Referring to an Israelite who unlawfully eats terumah.');">⁷</span>

ובתלוש מן הקרקע

[refers to a case where there is] deterioration as well as benefit; [and to a case] where he who has caused the damage is at the same time the person that has derived the benefit; [and to a case] where the deterioration and the benefit are in respect of one and the same object and where the deterioration and the benefit take place simultaneously;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., eating.');">⁸</span>

ובשליח שעשה שליחותו

and to things detached from the ground and applies in the case where an agent has executed his appointed errand,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For one can appoint an agent to separate terumah, v. Kid. 41b.');">⁹</span>

אף חטא האמור במעילה פוגם ונהנה

so also the word 'sin' used in connection with sacrilege [refers to a case where there is] deteriorati as well as benefit; where he who has caused the damage is at the same time the person that has derived the benefit; where the deterioration and the benefit are in respect of one and the same object and where the deterioration and the benefit have taken place simultaneously; and to things detached from the ground and applies in the case where an agent has executed his appointed errand.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the employer is guilty. v. Chap. VI, I.');">¹⁰</span>

ומי שפגם נהנה ובדבר שפוגם בו נהנה

From this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., the analogy between terumah and sacrilege. Terumah applies to edibles only.');">¹¹</span>

ופגימתו והנאתו כאחד

we only derive that [the law of Sacrilege applies to] edibles which are enjoyed.

ובתלוש מן הקרקע

whence do we know [its application to] things that do not deteriorate [through use] and that [different portions] can combine with one another,]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To make up the requisite value of a perutah.');">¹²</span>

ובשליח שעשה שליחותו

even after the elapse of a considerable time;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: but within the same day.');">¹³</span>

אין לי אלא אוכל ונהנה בדבר שאין בו פגם מנין

in the case where he has himself eaten thereof<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A portion worth a fraction of a perutah.');">¹⁴</span>

אכילתו ואכילת חברו הנייתו והניית חברו הנאתו ואכילת חברו אכילתו והניית חברו שמצטרפין זע"ז אפילו לזמן מרובה מנין

and has given to his fellow to eat thereof,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A portion worth the supplementary fraction of a perutah. V. Mishnah 3.');">¹⁵</span>

ת"ל

or where he has himself made use of it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A portion worth a fraction of a perutah.');">¹⁴</span>

(ויקרא ה, טו) תמעול מעל מ"מ

and has given to his fellow to make use of it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A portion worth the supplementary fraction of a perutah. V. Mishnah 3.');">¹⁵</span>

אי מה חטא האמור בתרומה לא צירף שתי אכילות כאחד אף חטא האמור במעילה לא צירף שתי אכילות כאחד

or where he has himself made use of it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A portion worth a fraction of a perutah.');">¹⁴</span>

מנין אכל היום ואכל למחר ואפי' לזמן מרובה

and has given to his fellow to eat thereof,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A portion worth the supplementary fraction of a perutah. V. Mishnah 3.');">¹⁵</span>

ת"ל

or where he has himself eaten thereof<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A portion worth a fraction of a perutah.');">¹⁴</span>

תמעול מעל מ"מ

and has given to his friend to make use thereof?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A portion worth the supplementary fraction of a perutah. V. Mishnah 3.');">¹⁵</span>

אי מה חטא האמור בתרומה פגימתו והנאתו כאחד

The text therefore reads: Commit a trespass:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. V, 15. Lit., 'trespass a trespass'. This repetition suggests an amplification.');">¹⁶</span>

מנין לאכילתו ואכילת חברו ואפי' מכאן ועד שלש שנים מנין

whatever the form may be.

ת"ל

But [why not deduct in the following manner]: Just as with the word 'sin' mentioned in connection with terumah the rule is that two separate edibles cannot combine with one another,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To make up the requisite size of an olive.');">¹⁷</span>

תמעול מעל מכל מקום

so also with the word 'sin' mentioned in connection with sacrilege two separate meals cannot combine with one another.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., from this analogy we should deduct that sacrilege applies only if the required quantity has been consumed of two different kinds of food, which is contradictory to IV, 1.');">¹⁸</span>

אי מה חטא האמור בתרומה

From whence [further] do we know [that edibles can combine] if one eats one portion on one day and the other on the following, or if even a longer period has elapsed between the two meals? The text therefore reads: 'Commit a trespass', whatever the form may be. But [why not draw the following comparison]: Just as with the word 'sin' mentioned in connection with terumah the deterioration and the enjoyment is simultaneous,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the reference is to eating.');">¹⁹</span> [so also with the word sin used in connection with sacrilege]; whence do we know then [that the Law of Sacrilege applies] when one has eaten [of consecrated food] himself and has given to his fellow to eat, even though after an interval of three years? The text therefore reads: 'Commit a trespass', whatever the form may be. But [why not deduct as follows]: Just as with the word 'sin' mentioned in connection with terumah