Menachot 172

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> שוין והא אמרת ראשון למנורה והשאר למנחות אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק מאי שוין שוין למנחות:

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>ARE EQUAL! [But is this possible? ] Have you not said, 'The first kind is fit for the candlestick and the others for meal-offerings'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus the second kind of oil of the first crop is not fit for the candlestick but only for meal-offerings, whereas the first kind of oil of the second crop is fit even for the candlestick!');">¹</span> - R'Nahman B'Isaac answered, The statement ARE EQUAL means that they are equal in respect of meal-offerings.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., they are of equal quality. and if a man has to bring a meal-offering he may bring with it either kind of oil.');">²</span> BY RIGHT IT COULD BE INFERRED BY THE FOLLOWING ARGUMENT THAT MEAL-OFFERINGS etc. Our Rabbis taught:[It is written.] 'Pure'; [and the expression] 'pure' means nothing else but clear.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the oil which oozes by itself from the olives without any pressure being applied.');">³</span>

אף [כל] המנחות היו בדין [וכו']: תנו רבנן (שמות כז, כ) זך אין זך אלא נקי רבי יהודה אומר כתית אין כתית אלא כתוש

R'Judah says. [It is written,] Beaten; [and the expression] 'beaten' means nothing else but pounded.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. in a mortar, but not ground in a mill.');">⁴</span> I might then think that this pounded oil is not valid for meal-offerings.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For Scripture expressly says. Beaten (i.e. pounded) for the light. but for no other purpose.');">⁵</span>

יכול יהא זך כתית פסול למנחות תלמוד לאמר (שמות כט, מ) ועשרון סולת בלול בשמן כתית אם כן מה תלמוד לאמר למאור אלא מפני החיסכון

therefore the text states, And a tenth part of an ephah of fine flour mingled with the fourth part of a hin of beaten oil.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXIX, 40.');">⁶</span> Why then did the text state, For the light?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Seeing that beaten oil is valid also for meal-offerings.');">⁷</span> - Out of regard to the sparing [of expense].

מאי חיסכון אמר רבי אלעזר התורה חסה על ממונן של ישראל

What is meant by 'out of regard to the sparing'? - Said R'Eleazar, The Torah wished to spare Israel unnecessary expense.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Sifra on Lev. XIV, 36. And since the meal-offering required a considerable amount of oil the Torah therefore ordained pure beaten oil only for the light.');">⁸</span> Command the children of Israel that they bring unto thee pure olive oil beaten for the light.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXIV, 2.');">⁹</span> R'Samuel B'Nahmani said, 'Unto thee', but not unto Me, for I am not in need of light.

(ויקרא כד, ב) צו את בני ישראל ויקחו אליך שמן זית זך אמר רבי שמואל בר נחמני אליך ולא לי לא לאורה אני צריך:

The table was on the north side and the candlestick on the south side.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Sanctuary.');">¹⁰</span> R'Zerika said in the name of R'Eleazar, I am not in need of food and l am not in need of light.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is demonstrated by the fact that God ordained the placing of the candlestick far away from the table; with human beings it is usual to place the lamp close to the table.');">¹¹</span> And for the house he made windows broad and narrow;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Kings VI, 4.');">¹²</span>

שלחן בצפון ומנורה בדרום אמר ר' זריקא אמר ר' אלעזר לא לאכילה אני צריך ולא לאורה אני צריך

'broad' without and 'narrow' within, for I am not in need of light.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The windows were thus constructed in a manner contrary to the usual practice to prove that God has no need of light.');">¹³</span> Without the veil of the testimony in the tent of meeting.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXIV,3 with reference to the preparation and kindling of the candlestick. .ujn');">¹⁴</span> It is a testimony to mankind that the Divine Presence rests in Israel.

(מלכים א ו, ד) ויעש לבית חלוני שקופים אטומים תנא שקופין [מבפנים] ואטומים [מבחוץ] לא לאורה אני צריך

For how can you say He<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to R. Tam the reference is to Aaron the priest; v. Tosaf s.v. and Shab. 22b.');">¹⁵</span> is in need of light, when the whole of the forty years that the Israelites travelled in the wilderness they travelled only by His<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 523, n. 13.');">¹⁶</span> light! But it is a testimony to mankind that the Divine Presence rests in Israel.

(ויקרא כד, ג) מחוץ לפרכת העדות באהל מועד עדות הוא לכל באי עולם שהשכינה שורה בישראל

What is the testimony? Rab said, It was the western lamp<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the central lamp (for its wick was turned towards the west) , according to the view that the candlestick was so placed that its branches extended to the north and to the south; or the second lamp counting from the east, assuming that the candlestick was so placed that its branches extended to the east and to the west. V. infra 98b.');">¹⁷</span> [of the candlestick] into which the same quantity of oil was poured as into the others,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. half a log. the quantity estimated to burn through the longest night.');">¹⁸</span>

ואם תאמר לאורה אני צריך והלא כל ארבעים שנה שהלכו ישראל במדבר לא הלכו אלא לאורו אלא עדות הוא לכל באי עולם שהשכינה שורה בישראל

yet he kindled the others from it and ended with it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By the morning the oil in the lamps had burnt out and the priest came in and cleaned out the lamps, removing the old wicks and putting in new wicks, and pouring oil into them ready for kindling in the evening. The western lamp (v. supra n. 2) . however, although it had no more oil than any of the other lamps, miraculously continued to burn the whole day long, so that when the lamps were to be kindled in the evening they were kindled from this one. The western lamp itself was then extinguished and cleaned out, a fresh wick put in, oil poured in, and then relit. Thus this lamp provided the fire for lighting the other lamps, and yet was the last to be cleaned out. This miracle testified to the Divine Presence in Israel.');">¹⁹</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>FROM WHENCE DID THEY BRING THE WINE?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the drink-offerings.');">²⁰</span> KERUHIM<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The place names enumerated in this Mishnah admit of many variants and the suggested identifications are doubtful. According to Neubauer, Geographie p. 82ff, Keruhim = Coreae (in north of Judah) , 'Attulim = Kefer Hatla (north of Gilgal) . Beth Rimmah and Laban = the present Beit Rima and Lubban (north-west of Jerusalem) , and Kefar Signa = Sukneh (near Jaffa) .');">²¹</span>

מאי עדותה אמר רבא זה נר מערבי שנותנין בה שמן כנגד חברותיה וממנה היה מדליק ובה היה מסיים:

AND 'ATTULIM RANK FIRST FOR THE QUALITY OF THEIR WINE. SECOND TO THEM ARE BETH RIMMAH, BETH LABAN ON THE HILL. AND KEFAR SIGNA IN THE VALLEY.

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> מאין היו מביאין את היין קדוחים ועטולין אלפא ליין שניה להן בית רימה ובית לבן בהר וכפר סיגנא בבקעה כל ארצות היו כשרות אלא מיכן היו מביאין

[WINE OF THE] WHOLE LAND WAS VALID BUT THEY USED TO BRING IT ONLY FROM THESE PLACES. ONE MAY NOT BRING IT FROM A MANURED FIELD OR FROM AN IRRIGATED FIELD OR FROM VINES PLANTED IN A FIELD SOWN WITH SEEDS;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As to the question of kil'ayim'. v. Com. of Rashba, a.l. iuyxhkv iuyxhkt');">²²</span> BUT IF ONE DID BRING IT [FROM THESE] IT WAS VALID.

אין מביאין לא מבית הזבלים ולא מבית השלחים ולא ממה שנזרע ביניהן ואם הביא כשר אין מביאין הליסטיון ואם הביא כשר אין מביאין ישן דברי רבי וחכמים מכשירין אין מביאין לא מתוק ולא מעושן ולא מבושל ואם הביא פסול ואין מביאין מן הדליות אלא מן הרגליות ומן הכרמים העבודין

ONE MAY NOT BRING WINE FROM SUN-DRIED GRAPES,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' or = **, a sweet wine made from grapes dried in the sun.');">²³</span> BUT IF ONE DID BRING IT IT WAS VALID. ONE MAY NOT BRING OLD WINE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' i.e., which is more than a year old and its redness is not so sparkling.');">²⁴</span>

ולא כונסין אותו בחצבין גדולים אלא בחביות קטנות ואינו ממלא את החבית עד פיה כדי שיהא ריחו נודף

SO RABBI. BUT THE SAGES PERMIT IT. ONE MAY NOT BRING SWEET WINE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Made from a kind of sweet grapes. in contradistinction from grapes sweetened in the sun. Aliter: new wine, must.');">²⁵</span>

אינו מביא מפיה מפני

OR SMOKED WINE OR COOKED WINE, AND IF ONE DID BRING IT IT WAS INVALID. ONE MAY NOT BRING WINE FROM THE GRAPES OF THE ESPALIER, BUT ONLY FROM THE VINES GROWING FROM THE GROUND AND FROM WELL-CULTIVATED VINEYARDS. ONE DID NOT PUT [THE WINE] IN LARGE CASKS BUT IN SMALL BARRELS; AND ONE DID NOT FILL THE BARRELS TO THE BRIM SO THAT ITS SCENT MIGHT SPREAD.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The scent would fill the space in the barrel above the wine and settle there, thus the wine would retain its scent. Were the barrel to be filled to the brim its scent would be lost as soon as it was opened.');">²⁶</span> ONE MAY NOT TAKE THE WINE AT THE MOUTH OF THE BARREL BECAUSE OF