Menachot 173

הקמחין ולא משוליה מפני השמרים אלא מביא משלישה מאמצעה

THE SCUM, NOR THAT AT THE BOTTOM BECAUSE OF THE LEES; BUT ONE SHOULD TAKE IT ONLY FROM THE MIDDLE THIRD OF THE BARREL.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the barrel is pierced in its side in the middle and the tap inserted there; in this manner the wine drawn off is from the middle of the barrel.');">¹</span> HOW WAS IT TESTED?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To ascertain whether the wine was of a good quality.');">²</span>

כיצד הוא בודק הגזבר יושב והקנה בידו זרק הגיר הקיש בקנה

THE TEMPLE-TREASURER USED TO SIT NEARBY WITH HIS STICK<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A measuring stick (Rashi) . A staff, the symbol of his authority (Tif. Yis.) .');">³</span> IN HIS HAND; WHEN THE FROTH BURST FORTH HE WOULD KNOCK WITH HIS STICK.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As a sign that no more wine shall be drawn off, for the wine that follows is not so pure but is mixed with the lees (Maim.) .');">⁴</span>

רבי יוסי בר' יהודה אומר שיש בו קמחין פסול שנאמר (במדבר כח, לא) תמימים יהיו לכם ומנחתם... תמימים יהיו לכם ונסכיהם:

R'JOSE SON OF R'JUDAH SAYS, WINE ON WHICH THERE IS A SCUM IS INVALID, FOR IT IS WRITTEN, THEY SHALL BE UNTO YOU WITHOUT BLEMISH, AND THEIR MEAL-OFFERING;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXVIII, 19, 20. The meal-offering must also be free from blemishes, hence if the meal was maggoty it is invalid.');">⁵</span> AND THEY SHALL BE UNTO YOU WITHOUT BLEMISH, AND THEIR DRINK-OFFERINGS.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid, 31. The drink-offering shall also be free from blemish, hence if there is a scum on the wine it is invalid.');">⁶</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אין מביאין לא מתוק ולא מבושל ולא מעושן ואם הביא פסול והא קתני רישא אין מביאין את הליסטיון ואם הביא כשר

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>ONE MAY NOT BRING SWEET WINE OR SMOKED WINE OR COOKED WINE. AND IF ONE DID BRING IT IT WAS INVALID.

אמר רבינא כרוך ותני רב אשי אמר חוליא דשימשא לא מאיס חוליא דפירא מאיס:

But does not [the Mishnah] state in an earlier clause, ONE MAY NOT BRING WINE FROM SUN-DRIED GRAPES.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is a sweet wine. lurf');">⁷</span> BUT IF ONE DID BRING IT IT WAS VALID? - Rabina answered, Combine them and learn them together.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus: one may not bring wine from sun-dried grapes or sweet wine etc., and if one did bring it it was invalid. According to Tosaf s.v. it was valid.');">⁸</span>

אין מביאין ישן דברי רבי וחכמים מכשירין: אמר חזקיה מאי טעמא דרבי אמר קרא (במדבר כח, יד) לכבש יין מה כבש בן שנתו אף יין בן שנתו

R'Ashi answered, If the sweetness is by reason of the sun it is not nauseous, but if the sweetness is in the fruit itself it is nauseous.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore invalid.');">⁹</span> ONE MAY NOT BRING OLD WINE.

אי מה כבש בן שתי שנים פסול אף יין בן שתי שנים פסול וכי תימא הכי נמי והתניא יין בן שתי שנים לא יביא ואם הביא כשר מאן שמעת ליה דאמר לא יביא רבי וקאמר אם הביא כשר

SO RABBI. BUT THE SAGES PERMIT IT.

אלא אמר רבא היינו טעמא דרבי דכתיב (משלי כג, לא) אל תרא יין כי יתאדם:

Hezekiah said, What is the reason for Rabbi's view? Because the verse reads, For a lamb wine;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXVIII, 14.');">¹⁰</span>

אין מביאין לא מן הדליות כו': תנא כרמים העבודים פעמים בשנה:

as a lamb [for an offering] may be only one year old, so wine may be only one year old. Then it should follow, should it not, that as a lamb that is two years old is invalid, so wine that is two years old is invalid?

רב יוסף הוה ליה קרנא דפרדיסא דרפיק ביה טפי ריפקא ועבד חמרא דדרי מיא על חד תרין:

And should you say that it is indeed so, but it has been taught: One may not bring wine that is two years old, but if one did bring it it was valid. Now who is it that rules that one may not bring [old wine]?

לא היו כונסין אותן בחצבין גדולים: תנא חביות כדיות לודיות ובינוניות

Obviously Rabbi; yet it says 'But if one did bring it it was valid'! - Rather said Raba, this is the reason for Rabbi's view; it is written, Look not thou upon the wine when it is red.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prov. XXIII, 31. Hence red wine is the choicest; but after one year the wine loses its redness and brightness.');">¹¹</span> ONE MAY NOT BRING WINE FROM THE GRAPES OF THE ESPALIER etc. A Tanna taught: [It must come from] vineyards that are cultivated twice in the year.

אין מניחין אותן שתים שתים אלא אחת אחת:

R'Joseph once had a garden-plot which he used to give an extra hoeing and it produced wine that could take twice the usual amount of water.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Usually wine was adulterated with water in the proportion of three parts of water to one of wine (cf. Shab. 77a) ; this wine could stand an admixture of water in the proportion of six parts of water to one of wine.');">¹²</span> ONE DID NOT PUT [THE WINE] IN LARGE CASKS.

כיצד בודק גזבר יושב וקנה בידו זרק הגיר הקיש בקנה: תנא זרק הגיר של שמרים גזבר הקיש בקנה

A Tanna taught: [By BARRELS are meant] the medium-sized pitcher-shaped Lydian vessels.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or 'the medium-sized Lydian pitchers'. Cf. however Tosef. Men. IX, where it reads: The wine was not put in large casks or in small barrels but in medium-sized pitcher-shaped vessels.');">¹³</span> They should not be put away in twos but singly.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that if one barrel turned bad none of the others would be affected.');">¹⁴</span>

ולימא ליה מימר מסייע ליה לרבי יוחנן דאמר רבי יוחנן כשם שהדיבור יפה לבשמים כך דיבור רע ליין:

HOW WAS IT TESTED? THE TEMPLE-TREASURER USED TO SIT NEARBY WITH HIS STICK IN HIS HAND; WHEN THE FROTH BURST FORTH HE WOULD KNOCK WITH HIS STICK.

רבי יוסי בר רבי יהודה אומר וכו': בעי ר' יוחנן הקדישו מהו שילקה עליו משום בעל מום כיון דפסול כבעל מום דמי או דלמא אין בעל מום אלא בבהמה תיקו:

A Tanna taught: When the froth of the lees burst forth the Temple-treasurer would knock with his stick. And why did he not say so?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the froth is now coming out and no more wine should be drawn from the barrel.');">¹⁵</span>

תנו רבנן אלים ממואב כבשים מחברון עגלים משרון גוזלות מהר המלך

- This supports R'Johanan. for R'Johanan said', In the same way as speech is beneficial to the spices<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' During the preparation of the spices for the incense much talking was going on as this was considered beneficial for it. Cf. Ker. 6b.');">¹⁶</span>

ר' יהודה אומר מביאין כבשים שגבהן כרחבן אמר רבא בר רב שילא מאי טעמא דר' יהודה דכתיב (ישעיהו ל, כג) ירעה מקנך ביום ההוא כר נרחב:

so is speech injurious to wine. R'JOSE SON OF R'JUDAH SAYS etc. , R'Johanan<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sh. Mek. 'Raba'; cf. supra p. 516.');">¹⁷</span>

כתיב (ישעיהו סב, ו) על חומותיך ירושלים הפקדתי שומרים כל היום וכל הלילה תמיד לא יחשו המזכירים את ה' אל דמי לכם מאי אמרי הכי אמר רבא בר רב שילא (תהלים קב, יד) אתה תקום תרחם ציון

raised the question. If a man consecrated it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. wine with scum.');">¹⁸</span>

רב נחמן בר יצחק אמר (תהלים קמז, ב) בונה ירושלים ה' ומעיקרא מאי הוו אמרי אמר רבא בר רב שילא (תהלים קלב, יג) כי בחר ה' בציון אוה למושב לו:

does he incur stripes for consecrating a blemished thing or not? Since it is unfit it is like a blemished animal; or [sh we say that the prohibition of] a blemished thing applies only to animals? - This question remains undecided.

<br><br><big><strong>הדרן עלך פרק כל קורבנות ציבור</strong></big><br><br>

Our Rabbis taught: Rams [were brought] from Moab, lambs from Hebron, calves from Sharon, and doves from the Royal Mountain.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'the mountain of the King'. I.e., the hill-country of Judea. V. Git. (Sonc. ed.) p. 254. n. 4. ohcjr ivhcda');">¹⁹</span> R'Judah said, One should bring lambs whose height was equal to their breadth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to another reading: 'whose backs are broad'.');">²⁰</span>

מתני׳ <big><strong>שתי</strong></big> מדות של יבש היו במקדש עשרון וחצי עשרון רבי מאיר אומר עשרון עשרון וחצי עשרון

Raba son of R'Shila said, What is the reason for R'Judah's view? - For it is written, In that day shall thy cattle feed, the broad lambs.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. XXX, 23. So according to Talmudic exposition; in the E.V. in large pastures.');">²¹</span> It is written, I have set watchmen upon thy walls, O Jerusalem; they shall never hold their peace day nor night; ye that are the Lord's remembrancers, take ye no rest.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. LXII, 6.');">²²</span>

עשרון מה היה משמש שבו היה מודד לכל המנחות לא היה מודד לא בשלשה לפר ולא בשל שנים לאיל אלא מודדן עשרונות

What do they say? - Raba son of R'Shila said. [They say,] Thou wilt arise and have compassion upon Zion.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. CII, 14.');">²³</span>

חצי עשרון מה היה משמש שבו היה מודד חביתי כהן גדול מחצה בבקר ומחצה בין הערבים:

R'Nahman B'Isaac said, [They say,] The Lord doth build up Jerusalem.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. CXLVII, 2.');">²⁴</span> And what did they say before this?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. before the destruction of Jerusalem.');">²⁵</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תניא היה ר' מאיר אומר מה תלמוד לומר (במדבר כח, כט) עשרון עשרון לכבש האחד מלמד ששתי עשרונות היו במקדש אחד גדוש ואחד מחוק

- Raba son of R'Shila said, [They used to say.] For the Lord hath chosen Zion; He hath desired it for His habitation.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' lbid. CXXXII, 13.');">²⁶</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>THERE WERE TWO DRY-MEASURES IN THE TEMPLE: THE TENTH<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. of an ephah. And so throughout.');">²⁷</span>

גדוש שבו היה מודד לכל המנחות

AND THE HALF-TENTH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These were the two measuring standards used in the Temple for dry-stuffs; but of course there were many vessels of each size.');">²⁸</span> R'MEIR SAYS, A TENTH, [ANOTHER] TENTH, AND A HALF-TENTH. FOR WHAT PURPOSE DID THE TENTH MEASURE SERVE? BY IT ONE USED TO MEASURE THE MEAL-OFFERINGS. ONE DID NOT MEASURE WITH A THREE-TENTHS MEASURE [THE MEAL-OFFERING] FOR A BULLOCK<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which consisted of three tenths of flour.');">²⁹</span> OR WITH A TWO-TENTHS MEASURE [THE MEAL-OFFERING] FOR A RAM,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which consisted of two tenths.');">³⁰</span> BUT ONE MEASURED THEM BY SO MANY TENTHS. FOR WHAT PURPOSE DID THE HALF-TENTH MEASURE SERVE? BY IT ONE USED TO MEASURE THE GRIDDLECAKES OF THE HIGH PRIEST<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. Lev. VI, 13ff.');">³¹</span> [WHICH WAS OFFERED] THE HALF IN THE MORNING AND THE HALF TOWARDS EVENING. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>It was taught: R'Meir used to say. Wherefore does the text state, A tenth, a tenth for every lamb?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXVIII, 29.');">³²</span> To teach you that there were two tenth measures in the Temple, one heaped<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the vessel was actually less than a tenth and only when heaped did it amount to a tenth.');">³³</span> and the other level. With the heaped measure they used to measure all meal-offerings.