Menachot 179

אי לא חזו לעולת חובה קרבי לעולת נדבה אלא הכא אי לא מוקמית ליה במילתיה אשם נדבה מי איכא

and if they are not admissible as the original obligatory burnt-offerings, they are nevertheless admissible as freewill burnt-offerings;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Accordingly in the circumstances stated, neither the lamb of the 'Omer would require a double meal-offering, nor the daily offerings the special offering of wood, since they could be offered as freewill burnt-offerings.');">¹</span> but here [in the case of the guilt-offering of a leper] if you do not regard it as th originally named [offering, it cannot be offered at all, for] there is no such thing as a freewill guilt-offerin

תניא כוותיה דרבי יוחנן אשם מצורע ששחטו שלא לשמו או שלא נתן מדמו על גבי בהונות הרי זו עולה לגבי מזבח וטעון נסכים וצריך אשם אחר להתירו:

There has been taught [a Baraitha] that is in accord with R'Johanan: If the guilt-offering of a leper was slaughtered under any name other than its own, or if [the priest] did not apply some of the blood upon the thumb and great toe [of the leper], it is nevertheless offered upon the altar and it requires drink-offerings; but [the leper] must bring another guilt-offering to render him permitted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To enter the camp of Israel, for he has not fulfilled his obligation with the first guilt-offering.');">²</span> <big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>ALL THE MEASURES IN THE TEMPLE WERE HEAPED EXCEPTING [THAT USED FOR] THE HIGH PRIEST'S [MEAL-OFFERING] WHICH INCLUDED IN ITSELF THE HEAPED MEASURE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This measure when filled level held as much as the others when heaped.');">³</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> כל מדות שבמקדש היו נגדשות חוץ משל כהן גדול שהיה גודשה לתוכה

THE OVERFLOW OF THE LIQUID-MEASURES WAS HOLY, BUT THE OVERFLOW OF THE DRY-MEASURES WAS NOT HOLY. R'AKIBA SAID, THE LIQUID-MEASURES WERE HOLY, THEREFORE THEIR OVERFLOW WAS HOLY TOO; THE DRY-MEASURES WERE NOT HOLY, THEREFORE THEIR OVERFLOW WAS NOT HOLY.

מדת הלח בירוציהן קדש ומדת היבש בירוציהן חול

R'JOSE SAID. IT IS NOT ON THAT ACCOUNT BUT BECAUSE LIQUIDS ARE STIRRED UP<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When a liquid is being poured into a vessel what comes into the vessel last does not merely lie on the surface of what was poured in before it, but the entire liquid in the vessel is stirred up. Accordingly when the vessel is filled to overflowing, the overflow is not only of that liquid which was poured on the vessel after the vessel had been filled, but is also of the liquid displaced from the inside of the vessel; and as the latter has been hallowed in the vessel the overflow must of necessity be holy.');">⁴</span>

רבי עקיבא אומר מדת הלח קדש לפיכך בירוציהן קדש מדת היבש חול לפיכך בירוציהן חול רבי יוסי אומר לא משום זה אלא שהלח נעקר והיבש אינו נעקר:

AND DRY-STUFFS ARE NOT. <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Who is [the author of our Mishnah]?

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מני אי רבי מאיר חד גדוש הוה אי רבנן חדא ומחוק הוה

Should you say R'Meir,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 87a.');">⁵</span> but according to him only one measure was heaped up.

אמר רב חסדא לעולם רבי מאיר ומאי כל מדות כל מדידות:

And should you say the Rabbis,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 87a.');">⁵</span> but according to them there was only one [tenth-measure] and that was levelled! - R'Hisda answered, Indeed it is R'Meir, but the expression ALL THE MEASURES' means all the measurings.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., whenever this one measure was used it was filled to a heap.');">⁶</span>

מדת הלח בירוציהן קדש: במאי קא מיפלגי

THE OVERFLOW OF THE LIQUID-MEASURES WAS HOLY. What is the point at issue between them? - The first Tanna is of the opinion that the liquid-measures were anointed both inside and outside,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the outer rim of the vessel. Hence the overflow as it passes over this rim becomes hallowed.');">⁷</span>

תנא קמא סבר מדת הלח נמשחה בין מבפנים בין מבחוץ מדת יבש נמשחה מבפנים ולא נמשחה מבחוץ

but the dry-measures were anointed inside only but not outside. R'Akiba is of the opinion that the liquid-measures were anointed both inside and outside but the dry-measures were not anointed at all.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But what was placed in them was hallowed by word of mouth. Accordingly only what was required for the man's purpose was thus hallowed, but not the overflow.');">⁸</span>

ורבי עקיבא סבר מדת הלח נמשחה בין מבפנים בין מבחוץ מדת יבש לא נמשחה כל עיקר

R'Jose is of the opinion that both [the liquid-measures and the dry-measures] were anointed inside only and not outside, but this is the reason [for the ruling of our Mishnah]: liquids are stirred up, and therefore the overflow comes from the inside of the vessel', but dry-stuffs are not stirred up at all. But even if [liquids are] stirred up, what does it matter?

ורבי יוסי סבר אידי ואידי נמשחה מבפנים ולא נמשחה מבחוץ והכא היינו טעמא דלח נעקר ומגווה דמנא קא אתי והיבש אינו נעקר

The man surely intends to hallow only that which he requires?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And not the overflow. This question lies against all three Tannaim. V. Mishneh le-melek on Maim. Yad, Ma'ase Hakorb., II, 9.');">⁹</span> - Said R'Dimi B'Shishna in the name of Rab, This proves that vessels of ministry can hallow even without the [owner's] intention.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The overflow is automatically hallowed by the vessel even though the owner does not desire it.');">¹⁰</span>

וכי נעקר מאי הוי גברא למאי דצריך קא מכוין

Rabina, however, said, I can still hold that vessels of ministry hallow only with the [owner's] intention, [nevertheless the overflow is deemed to be holy, for otherwise] it is to be feared that people will say that one may take out what has already been in a vessel of ministry for secular use.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because of this apprehension it was decreed that the overflow of liquids which comes from the inside of the vessel is holy.');">¹¹</span> R'Zera raised the following objection: [We have learnt:]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 100a; Yoma 29b.');">¹²</span>

אמר רב דימי בר שישנא משמיה דרב זאת אומרת כלי שרת מקדשין שלא מדעת רבינא אמר לעולם אימא לך כלי שרת אין מקדשין אלא מדעת וגזרה שמא יאמרו מוציאין מכלי שרת לחול

If he set the Shewbread and the dishes [of frankincense] on the day after the Sabbath and burnt the dishes of frankincense on the next Sabbath,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As is normally required.');">¹³</span> it is not valid.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the Shewbread must remain on the table for seven days, whereas here it remained there only for six days.');">¹⁴</span>

מותיב ר' זירא סידר את הלחם ואת הבזיכין לאחר השבת והקטיר את הבזיכין בשבת פסולה כיצד יעשה יניחנו לשבת הבאה שאפילו הוא על שלחן ימים רבים אין בכך כלום

What should he do? He should leave it until the following Sabbath,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., for thirteen days.');">¹⁵</span>

ואמאי התם נמי לימא גזירה שמא יאמרו מפקידין בכלי שרת

for even if it remains many days on the table there is no harm. But why [is it allowed to be left for a longer period]?

פנים אחוץ קא רמית פנים לאו כולי עלמא ידעי חוץ כולי עלמא ידעי

Might not people say, that one may allow holy things to remain in a vessel of ministry?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And so long as it is in a vessel of ministry it does not become invalid by being kept overnight or for any longer period.');">¹⁶</span> - You surely cannot point out a contradiction between [what is performed] inside<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the arrangement of the Shewbread, which is performed inside the Temple where only priests entered.');">¹⁷</span>

תנן התם מותר נסכים לקיץ המזבח

and [what is performed] outside;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the measuring of the meal-offering, which is performed outside the Temple in the Temple court where all Israelites were permitted to enter.');">¹⁸</span> [what is performed] inside not everybody is aware of, but [what is performed] outside everybody is aware of.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And there is ground for the apprehension.');">¹⁹</span>

מאי מותר נסכים

We have learnt elsewhere:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shek. IV, 4; Keth. 106b. .he');">²⁰</span> The surplus of the drink-offerings was used for the altar's 'dessert'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'summer fruit'; cf. II. Sam. XVI, 1, 2. These were the burnt-offerings offered after all the public and private offerings of that day had been offered so that the altar should not remain idle. V. Shebu., Sonc. ed., p. 50 n. 3.');">²¹</span>

רבי חייא בר יוסף אמר בירוצי מדות ר' יוחנן אמר כאותה ששנינו המקבל עליו לספק סלתות מארבע ועמדו בשלש יספק מארבע

What is meant by 'the surplus of the drink-offerings'? - R'Hiyya B'Joseph said, It is the overflow of the measures. R'Johanan said, It is as we have learnt:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shek. IV, 9; B.M. 57b.');">²²</span> If a man had undertaken to supply fine flour at four [se'ahs a sela']<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And he was paid by the Temple-treasurer a certain sum of money.');">²³</span> and the price subsequently stood at three [se'ahs a sela'], he must still supply it at four;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For in regard to Temple matters the payment of money binds the contract even though the goods have not yet passed either actually or symbolically into the possession of the Temple.');">²⁴</span>