Menachot 214

Chapter 214

א מוסיף עליהן תור ובן יונה
1 HE MUST ADD TO THESE A TURTLE-DOVE AND A YOUNG PIGEON.
ב הרי עלי תודה ושלמים יביא כבש פירשתי מן בקר ואיני יודע מה פירשתי יביא פר ופרה עגל ועגלה מן הבהמה ואיני יודע מה פירשתי יביא פר ופרה עגל ועגלה איל ורחלה שעיר ושעירה גדי וגדייה טלה וטלייה
2 [IF A MAN SAID,] 'I TAKE UPON MYSELF TO OFFER A THANK-OFFERING OR A PEACE-OFFERING',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which may be either a male or female animal.');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ג הרי עלי שור יביא הוא ונסכיו במנה עגל יביא הוא ונסכיו בחמש איל יביא הוא ונסכיו בשתים כבש יביא הוא ונסכיו בסלע
3 HE MUST BRING A LAMB.
ד שור במנה יביא במנה חוץ מנסכיו עגל בחמש יביא בחמש חוץ מנסכיו איל בשתים יביא בשתים חוץ מנסכיו כבש בסלע יביא בסלע חוץ מנסכיו
4 [IF HE SAID,] 'I SPECIFIED A BEAST OF THE HERD BUT I DO NOT KNOW WHAT IT WAS I SPECIFIED', HE MUST BRING A BULL AND A COW, A BULL CALF AND A HEIFER'[IF HE SAID, I SPECIFIED] A BEAST OF THE CATTLE BUT I DO NOT KNOW WHAT IT WAS I SPECIFIED', HE MUST BRING A BULL AND A COW, A BULL CALF AND A HEIFER'A RAM AND A EWE, A HE-GOAT AND A SHE-GOAT, A HE-KID AND A SHE-KID, A HE-LAMB AND A EWE-LAMB.
ה שור במנה והביא שנים במנה לא יצא ואפילו זה במנה חסר דינר וזה במנה חסר דינר
5 [IF A MAN SAID,] 'I TAKE UPON MYSELF TO OFFER AN OX.
ו שחור והביא לבן לבן והביא שחור גדול והביא קטן לא יצא קטן והביא גדול יצא רבי אומר לא יצא:
6 HE MUST BRING ONE WITH ITS DRINK-OFFERINGS TO THE VALUE OF A MANEH;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One maneh =25 sela's; one sela' = 4 denars. The prices mentioned for the various beasts are traditional, though there is a Biblical indication that the ram was to be worth two sela's in Lev. V, 15.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ז <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> ולא פליגי מר כי אתריה ומר כי אתריה:
7 IF 'A CALF', HE MUST BRING ONE WITH ITS DRINK-OFFERINGS TO THE VALUE OF FIVE SELA'S; IF 'A RAM', HE MUST BRING ONE WITH ITS DRINK-OFFERINGS TO THE VALUE OF TWO SELA'S;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One maneh =25 sela's; one sela' = 4 denars. The prices mentioned for the various beasts are traditional, though there is a Biblical indication that the ram was to be worth two sela's in Lev. V, 15.');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ח תנו רבנן הרי עלי עולה בסלע למזבח יביא כבש שאין לך דבר שקרב בסלע לגבי מזבח אלא כבש שקרב בסלע פירשתי ואיני יודע מה פירשתי יביא מכל דבר שקרב בסלע לגבי מזבח:
8 IF 'A LAMB', HE MUST BRING ONE WITH ITS DRINK-OFFERINGS TO THE VALUE OF ONE SELA'.
ט פירשתי מן הבקר ואיני יודע מה פירשתי יביא פר ועגל: אמאי וליתי פר ממה נפשך
9 IF HE SAID 'AN OX VALUED AT ONE MANEH', HE MUST BRING ONE WORTH A MANEH APART FROM ITS DRINK-OFFERINGS; IF A CALF VALUED AT FIVE SELA'S'.
י הא מני רבי היא דאמר קטן והביא גדול לא יצא
10 HE MUST BRING ONE WORTH FIVE SELA'S APART FROM ITS DRINK-OFFERINGS; IF 'A RAM VALUED AT TWO SELA'S', HE MUST BRING ONE WORTH TWO SELA'S APART FROM ITS DRINK-OFFERINGS; AND IF A LAMB VALUED AT ONE SELA',' HE MUST BRING ONE WORTH ONE SELA' APART FROM ITS DRINK-OFFERINGS.
יא אי רבי אימא סיפא שור במנה והביא שנים במנה לא יצא ואפילו זה במנה חסר דינר וזה במנה חסר דינר
11 [IF HE SAID, 'I TAKE UPON MYSELF TO OFFER] AN OX VALUED AT A MANEH', AND HE BROUGHT TWO TOGETHER WORTH A MANEH, HE HAS NOT FULFILLED HIS OBLIGATION.
יב שחור והביא לבן לבן והביא שחור גדול והביא קטן לא יצא קטן והביא גדול יצא רבי אומר לא יצא
12 EVEN IF ONE WAS WORTH A MANEH LESS ONE DENAR AND THE OTHER ALSO WAS WORTH A MANEH LESS ONE DENAR'[IF HE SAID] 'A BLACK ONE' AND HE BROUGHT A WHITE ONE, OR A WHITE ONE' AND HE BROUGHT A BLACK ONE, OR 'A LARGE ONE' AND HE BROUGHT A SMALL ONE, HE HAS NOT FULFILLED HIS OBLIGATION.
יג רישא וסיפא רבי ומציעתא רבנן
13 [IF HE SAID] 'A SMALL ONE' AND HE BROUGHT A LARGE ONE, HE HAS FULFILLED HIS OBLIGATION; BUT RABBI SAYS, HE HAS NOT FULFILLED HIS OBLIGATION.
יד אין רישא וסיפא רבי מציעתא רבנן והכי קאמר דבר זה מחלוקת רבי ורבנן:
14 <big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>They<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Eleazar b. Azariah and the first Tanna.');"><sup>3</sup></span>
טו תנן התם ששה לנדבה כנגד מי (סימן קמ"ף ש"ע)
15 do not differ, for each rules according to the custom of his place.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Both agree that the cheapest should be offered, but in the place where the first Tanna lived lambs were cheaper than pigeons, whereas in the town where R. Eleazar b. Azariah lived the reverse was the case.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
טז אמר חזקיה כנגד ששה בתי אבות הכהנים שתקנו להם חכמים שיהא שלום זה עם זה
16 Our Rabbis taught: [If a man said,] 'I take upon myself to offer a burnt-offering valued at a sela' for the altar', he must bring a lamb, for there is nothing else valued at a sela' offered upon the altar save a lamb.
יז ר' יוחנן אמר מתוך שהנדבה מרובה תיקנו להם שופרות מרובין כדי שלא יתעפשו המעות
17 [I he said,] 'I specified [an offering valued at a sela'] but I do not know what it was I specified', he must bring every kind of offering valued at a sela' that is offered upon the altar.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The fact that this man specified the offering and did not merely say 'an offering valued at a sela' for the altar' proves that he believed that others besides a lamb were included in the last expression. He must therefore bring a lamb, a meal-offering, and frankincense, each valued at a sela'.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
יח וזעירי אמר כנגד פר ועגל איל וכבש גדי ושעיר ורבי היא דאמר קטן והביא גדול לא יצא
18 [IF HE SAID,] 'I SPECIFIED A BEAST OF THE HERD BUT I DO NOT KNOW WHAT IT WAS I SPECIFIED', HE MUST BRING A BULL AND A BULL CALF.
יט ובר פדא אמר כנגד הפרים והאילים
19 But why? Let him bring a bull, for in any event [that should fulfil his obligation]!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For even if he offered to bring a bull calf, the offering of a bull which is larger would surely fulfil his obligation!');"><sup>6</sup></span> - This represents Rabbi's view, who maintains that [if a man offered to bring] a small animal and he brought a large one he has not fulfilled his obligation. If it is Rabbi's view here then read the following clauses: [IF HE SAID, I TAKE UPON MYSELF TO OFFER] AN OX VALUED AT A MANEH', AND HE BROUGHT TWO TOGETHER WORTH A MANEH, HE HAS NOT FULFILLED HIS OBLIGATION. EVEN IF ONE WAS WORTH A MANEH LESS ONE DENAR AND THE OTHER ALSO WAS WORTH A MANEH LESS ONE DENAR'[IF HE SAID] 'A BLACK ONE' AND HE BROUGHT A WHITE ONE, OR 'A WHITE ONE' AND HE BROUGHT A BLACK ONE, OR 'A LARGE ONE' AND HE BROUGHT A SMALL ONE, HE HAS NOT FULFILLED HIS OBLIGATION. [IF HE SAID] 'A SMALL ONE' AND HE BROUGHT A LARGE ONE, HE HAS FULFILLED HIS OBLIGATION; BUT RABBI SAYS, HE HAS NOT FULFILLED HIS OBLIGATION. It will then be that the first and last clauses represent Rabbi's view while the middle clauses represent the view of the Rabbis! - That is so, the first and last clauses represent Rabbi's view while the middle clauses represent the view of the Rabbis; and [the Tanna of the Mishnah] wished to tell us that this ruling [in the first part of the Mishnah] is really a matter of dispute between Rabbi and the Rabbis.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to the Sages the offering of a bull alone in the first clause would suffice.');"><sup>7</sup></span> We have learnt elsewhere:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shek. VI, 5. V. supra 104a. ,urpua');"><sup>8</sup></span> There were six [money chests] for freewill-offerings.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' There were in all thirteen money chests ( , horn-shaped chests) in the Temple, seven bearing inscriptions indicating the kind of money that was to be put in them, while six were allocated for money for freewill-offerings. These were offered as burnt-offerings on behalf of the community and the skins fell to the priests.');"><sup>9</sup></span> What did they represent?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why were six necessary for the purpose?');"><sup>10</sup></span> .<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Sh. Mek. and Dik. Sof. a.l. These are the characteristic letters of the teachers who propose answers to this question. ,urnan');"><sup>11</sup></span> - Hezekiah said, They represented the six priestly groups;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The priests were divided into twenty-four divisions () , each division serving in the Temple for one full week every half year. The ,uct h,c division was sub-divided into six families or groups () . and each group was in service on one day in the week. On the Sabbath the whole division was called upon to do the service.');"><sup>12</sup></span> and the Sages installed [six money chests] so that they should be at peace with each other.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For each priestly group there was a separate money chest for freewill-offering; so that whenever the altar was idle and the occasion thus arose for offering burnt-offerings, the money would be taken from that chest allotted to the group in service on that day, and the skins of the animals offered would be shared among the priests of that group. In this way altercation and strife between the priestly groups would be avoided.');"><sup>13</sup></span> R'Johanan said, Because of the abundant offerings [the Sages] installed [six] money chests so that the money became not mouldy.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which would be the case if all the money were to be placed in one chest.');"><sup>14</sup></span> Ze'iri said, They served for the offerings of a bull, a calf, a ram, a lamb, a kid and a goat;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The money for these offerings was put into separate chests. E.g., if a man undertook to offer a bull for a burnt-offering, he would bring a maneh (this being the price of a bull, v. our Mishnah) and put it into the chest that bore the inscription 'bull'; the priests would then come and take the money from that chest, purchase a bull, and offer it.');"><sup>15</sup></span> this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The need for six chests.');"><sup>16</sup></span> being in accord with Rabbi who said that if a man offered to bring a small animal and he brought a large one he has not fulfilled his obligation. Bar Padda said, They served for the moneys of] bullocks,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If a bullock which had been set aside for a sin-offering of the community had been lost and another had been offered in its place, and afterwards it was found, it was left to pasture until it contracted a physical blemish when it was sold. The money so obtained was put into a chest specially set aside for this purpose.');"><sup>17</sup></span> rams,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The money obtained on selling the ram of the guilt-offering for theft of for sacrilege when it was no longer required for that purpose (as in the circumstances described in the prec. n.) was put into a second chest.');"><sup>18</sup></span>