Nedarim 110

שנאמר (ישעיהו מ, ד) כל גיא ינשא

as it is written, Every valley shall be exalted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. XL, 4. ');">¹</span> It was taught: He who vows [to abstain] from dagan is also forbidden dry Egyptian beans; yet moist ones are permitted. He is also permitted rice, grist, groats and pearl-barley. He who vows [to abstain] from the fruits of that year, is forbidden all the fruit of that year, but is permitted goats, lambs, milk, eggs, and fledglings [of that year].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though metaphorically they too might be regarded as the fruits of the year, the vow must be understood literally. ');">²</span>

תניא הנודר מן הדגן אסור אף בפול המצרי יבש ומותר בלח ומותר באורז בחילקא בטרגיס ובטיסני הנודר מן פירות השנה אסור בכל פירות השנה ומותר בגדיים ובטלאים ובחלב ובביצים ובגוזלות ואם אמר גידולי שנה עלי אסור בכולן

But if he vows, 'The growths of this year [be forbidden] to me,' all these are forbidden. He who vows [abstinence] from the fruits of the earth is forbidden all the fruits of the earth, yet is permitted mushrooms and truffles; but if he vows, 'that which grows from the earth [be forbidden] to me,' all these are forbidden him. But this contradicts the following: For that which does not grow from the earth, one must recite the benediction, 'by whose word all things exist.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This deals with the blessings to be recited before partaking of food or drink. ');">³</span> And it was taught: For salt, brine mushrooms, and truffles, 'by whose word all things exist' is said!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The combination of these two statements proves that mushrooms and truffles are not earth-grown, and thus contradicts the ruling that a vow to abstain from what grows from the earth includes them. ');">⁴</span>

הנודר מן פירות הארץ אסור בכל פירות הארץ ומותר בכמהין ופטריות ואם אמר גידולי קרקע עלי אסור בכולן

— Abaye answered, They do indeed grow out of the earth, but draw their sustenance from the air,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Therefore they are included in the vow, 'growths of the earth'; yet since their sustenance is drawn chiefly from the air, they are not regarded as earth grown in respect of a benediction. ');">⁵</span> and not from the earth. But he [the Tanna] states: For that which does not grow out of the earth?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whilst according to Abaye they do. ');">⁶</span>

ורמינהי על דבר שאין גידולו מן הארץ אומר שהכל נהיה בדברו ותניא על המלח ועל הזמית ועל כמהין ופטריות אומר שהכל נהיה בדברו אמר אביי מירבא רבו מארעא מינק מאוירא ינקי ולא מארעא והא קתני על דבר שאין גידולו מן הארץ תני על דבר שאין יונק מן הארץ:

— Read: For that which does not draw its sustenance from the earth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is hardly an emendation, but rather an interpretation; cf. p. 3, n. 2. ');">⁷</span> <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. HE WHO VOWS [NOT TO BENEFIT] FROM GARMENTS IS PERMITTED SACK-CLOTH,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Of goats-hair, v. Kel. XXVII, 1.] ');">⁸</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> הנודר מן הכסות מותר בשק וביריעה ובחמילה אמר קונם צמר עולה עלי מותר להתכסות בגיזי צמר הפשתן עולה עלי מותר להתכסות באניצי פשתן

CURTAIN,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Some kind of rough, ready garment, which was not a garment proper. ');">⁹</span> AND BLANKET WRAPPING. IF HE SAYS, 'KONAM, IF WOOL COMES UPON ME,' HE MAY COVER HIMSELF WITH WOOL FLEECES;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the vow implies garments which can he worn. ');">¹⁰</span>

ר' יהודה אומר הכל לפי הנודר טען והזיע והיה ריחו קשה אמר קונם צמר ופשתים עולה עלי מותר להתכסות ואסור להפשיל לאחוריו:

[KONAM] IF FLAX COMES UPON ME', HE MAY COVER HIMSELF WITH FLAX BUNDLES.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] flax — stalks after they are soaked, beaten and baked (Jast.). ');">¹¹</span> R. JUDAH SAID: IT ALL DEPENDS UPON THE PERSON WHO VOWS, [THUS:] IF HE IS LADEN [WITH WOOL OR FLAX] AND PERSPIRES AND HIS ODOUR IS OPPRESSIVE, AND HE VOWS 'KONAM' IF WOOL OR FLAX COME UPON ME,' HE MAY WEAR THEM, BUT NOT THROW THEM [AS A BUNDLE] OVER HIS BACK.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For in the circumstances it is evident that his vow referred to it as a load, not as a garment. ');">¹²</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תניא הנודר מן הכסות מותר בשק וביריעה ובחמילה ואסור בפונדא ובפסקיא ובסקורטיא ובקטבליא ואנפליא ופליניא ומכנסים וכובע מאי איסקורטי אמר רבה בר בר חנה כיתונא דצלא

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. It was taught: He who vows [not to benefit] from garments is permitted sack-cloth, curtain, and blanket wrapping. But he is forbidden a belt,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The [H] was a hollow belt used as a pouch. ');">¹³</span> fascia,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A band or sash; Lat. fascia. ');">¹⁴</span>

תניא יוצאין בשק עבה ובסגוס עבה וביריעה ובחמילה מפני הגשמים אבל לא בתיבה ולא בקופה ולא במחצלת מפני הגשמים הרועים יוצאין בשקים ולא רועים בלבד אמרו אלא כל אדם אלא שדברו חכמים בהווה:

scortea, a leather spread, shoes,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The word is the plural of [G], impilia (pair of) felt shoes (Jast.). ');">¹⁵</span> knee breeches breeches and a hat. What is a scortea? — Rabbah b. But Huna said: a leather coat.

ר' יהודה אומר הכל לפי הנודר כו': תניא כיצד א"ר יהודה הכל לפי הנודר היה לבוש צמר והצר ואמר קונם צמר עולה עלי אסור ללבוש ומותר לטעון היה טעון פשתן והזיע ואמר קונם פשתן עולה עלי מותר ללבוש ואסור לטעון:

It was taught: One may go out [on the Sabbath] wearing a thick sack-cloth, a coarse blanket, a curtain, and a blanket wrap, to keep off the rain;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These, though not actually garments, are nevertheless counted as such, and hence permissible on the Sabbath. ');">¹⁶</span> but not with a box, basket<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Placed over the head to ward off the rains. ');">¹⁷</span> or matting for the sane purpose. Shepherds may go out with sacks;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the first clause, 'sack-cloth' would seem to refer to a rough garment; in the second, 'sacks' is probably to be understood literally', put over one's head to ward off the rain. ');">¹⁸</span> not only shepherds, but all men, but that the Sages spoke of what is usual. R. JUDAH SAID, IT ALL DEPENDS UPON THE PERSON WHO VOWED, etc. It was taught: How did R. Judah say, it all depends upon the person who vows? If he is wearing wool, and he is irritated and he vows 'Konam, if wool comes upon me,' he is forbidden to wear, but permitted to carry it; if he is laden with flax and perspires and vows, 'Konam, if flax comes upon me, he may wear but must not carry it.