Nedarim 85
<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> בשלמא לא ילונו דקא מהני ליה אלא לא ילוה הימנו מאי קא מהני ליה ובשלמא לא ילוה הימנו ולא יקח הימנו דקמיתהני מיניה אלא לא ישאל הימנו מאי קא מיתהני מיניה
<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. As for 'HE MUST NOT LEND TO HIM,' that is well, since he [thereby] benefits him. But 'HE MUST NOT BORROW FROM HIM' — how does he benefit him? Further, [even] 'HE MUST NOT RECEIVE A LOAN FROM HIM' and 'HE MUST NOT PURCHASE FROM HIM' are well, since he [the muddar] may benefit.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the maddir may borrow worn coins, and return new ones. As the value of coins depended to some extent on their weight, the muddar would benefit. Likewise, the maddir may not purchase an article for which there is no demand, and for the same reason. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
א"ר יוסי בר' חנינא כגון שנדרו הנאה זה מזה אביי אמר גזירה לשאול משום להשאיל וכן בכולהו גזירה:
But 'HE MUST NOT BORROW FROM HIM': how does he [the muddar] benefit? — Said R. Jose son of R. Hanina: It means e.g., that they made a vow not to benefit from one another. Abaye answered: He is forbidden to borrow, lest he also lend, and the same applies to the other clauses.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By 'other clauses' the reference is only to borrowing money. — Asheri. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> אמר לו השאילני פרתך אמר לו אינה פנויה אמר קונם שדי שאני חורש בה לעולם אם היה דרכו לחרוש הוא אסור וכל אדם מותרים ואם אין דרכו לחרוש הוא וכל אדם אסורין
<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. IF ONE SAYS TO ANOTHER, 'LEND ME YOUR COW, TO WHICH THE OTHER REPLIES, 'IT IS NOT FREE'; WHEREUPON HE EXCLAIMS, 'KONAM, IF I EVER PLOUGH MY FIELD WITH IT', IF HE GENERALLY PLOUGHED HIMSELF, HE IS FORBIDDEN,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To plough the field with that cow, if it is subsequently lent to him. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
המודר הנאה מחבירו ואין לו מה יאכל הולך אצל החנוני ואומר איש פלוני נודר ממני הנאה ואיני יודע מה אעשה והוא נותן לו ובא ונוטל מזה
BUT OTHERS ARE PERMITTED. BUT IF HE DID NOT GENERALLY PLOUGH HIMSELF, HE AND ALL MEN ARE FORBIDDEN.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For his vow must have referred to others. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>
היה ביתו לבנות גדרו לגדור שדהו לקצור הולך אצל הפועלים ואומר איש פלוני מודר ממני הנאה ואיני יודע מה אעשה והן עושין עמו ובאין ונוטלין שכר מזה
IF ONE IS FORBIDDEN BY VOW TO BENEFIT AUGHT FROM HIS NEIGHBOUR, AND HE HAS NAUGHT TO EAT, HE [THE MADDIR] CAN GO TO THE SHOPKEEPER AND SAY, SO-AND-SO IS FORBIDDEN BY VOW TO BENEFIT AUGHT FROM ME, AND I DO NOT KNOW WHAT TO DO'. THE SHOPKEEPER MAY THEN SUPPLY HIM, AND COME AND RECEIVE PAYMENT FROM HIM [THE MADDIR]. IF HE HAD HIS [THE MUDDAR'S] HOUSE TO BUILD, OR HIS FENCE TO ERECT, OR HIS FIELD TO REAP, HE [THE MADDIR] MAY GO TO LABOURERS, AND SAY, 'SO-AND-SO IS FORBIDDEN BY VOW TO BENEFIT AUGHT FROM ME, AND I DO NOT KNOW WHAT TO DO.' THERE UPON THEY WORK FOR HIM [THE MUDDAR]. AND COME AND RECEIVE WAGES FROM HIM [THE MADDIR]. IF THEY ARE WALKING TOGETHER ON THE ROAD, AND HE [THE MUDDAR] HAS NOTHING TO EAT, HE [THE MADDIR] CAN MAKE A GIFT TO A THIRD PERSON, AND HE [THE MUDDAR] IS PERMITTED [TO HAVE] IT. IF THERE IS NO OTHER WITH THEM, HE PLACES IT ON A STONE OR A WALL, SAYING, 'THIS IS FREE TO WHOMEVER DESIRES IT'; AND THE OTHER TAKES AND EATS IT. BUT R. JOSE FORBIDS THIS.
היו מהלכין בדרך ואין לו מה יאכל נותן לאחד לשום מתנה והלה מותר בה אם אין עמהם אחר מניח על הסלע או על הגדר ואומר הרי הן מופקרים לכל מי שיחפוץ והלה נוטל ואוכל ור' יוסי אוסר:
<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. R. Johanan said, what is R. Jose's reason? He maintains that hefker<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אמר ר' יוחנן מ"ט דר' יוסי קסבר הפקר כמתנה מה מתנה עד דאתיא מרשות נותן לרשות מקבל אף הפקר עד דאתי לרשות זוכה
is like a gift: just as a gift [is not valid] until it passes from the possession of the giver into that of the receiver, so hefker too [is not valid] until it passes into the ownership of him who acquires it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., when a person declares a thing to be hefker, it does not immediately cease to be his, but remains his property until taken. Thus the muddar takes the maddir's food. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>