Niddah 130

Chapter 130

א העקלים של נצרים ושל בצבוץ מנגבן של שיפא ושל גמי מיישנן וכמה מיישנן י"ב חדש רשב"ג אומר מניחן מגת לגת ומבד לבד
1 and as for the wickerwork, if it is made of willows and hemp it must be scoured, and if of bast or reeds it must remain unused;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'causes them to be old'. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> and for how long must they remain unused? For twelve months. R. Simeon b. Gamaliel ruled: One must leave them from one period of wine-pressing to another<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Presumably twelve months. ');"><sup>2</sup></span> and from one period of oil-pressing to another.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Presumably twelve months. ');"><sup>2</sup></span> (But is not this ruling<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of R. Simeon b. Gamaliel. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ב היינו ת"ק איכא בינייהו חרפי ואפלי
2 identical with that of the first Tanna?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Apparently (cf. prev. n. but one) it is. ');"><sup>4</sup></span> — The practical difference between them arises in the case of early or late ripening fruit.)<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where the period intervening between the pressing seasons of two succeeding years is sometimes less, and sometimes more than twelve months. ');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ג רבי יוסי אומר הרוצה לטהר מיד מגעילן ברותחין או חולטן במי זיתים רשב"ג אומר משום ר' יוסי מניחן תחת הצינור שמימיו מקלחין או במעיין שמימיו רודפין וכמה עונה כדרך שאמרו ביין נסך כך אמרו בטהרות
3 R. Jose stated: If a person desires to obtain cleanness forthwith he pours over them boiling water or scalds them with olive water. R. Simeon b. Gamaliel citing R. Jose ruled: He puts them under a pipe through which runs a continuous stream of water or in a fountain with flowing water. And for how long? For one 'onah. (As these provisions were applied to yen nesek so were they applied to matters of cleanness. But is not the order<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That compares the laws of cleanness to those of yen nesek v. Glos. ');"><sup>6</sup></span> reversed, seeing that we are here dealing with the laws of cleanness? — Rather say: As these provisions were applied to matters of cleanness so were they applied to yen nesek.) And how long is an 'onah? R. Hiyya b. Abba citing R. Johanan replied: Either a day or a night. R. Hana She'una or, as some say, R. Hana b. She'una citing Rabbah b. Bar Hana who had it from R. Johanan replied: Half a day and half a night. And in connection with this R. Samuel b. R. Isaac explained: There is no real difference between them,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Hiyya and Rabbah b. Bar Hana. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> the former referring to the spring and autumn equinoxes<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'in the cycle of Nisan and of Tishri'. When the days and the nights are equal an onah of twelve hours is either a day or a night. ');"><sup>8</sup></span> and the latter to the summer and winter solstices?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'in the cycle of Tammuz and Tebeth'. Since the days and the nights are unequal an 'onah of twelve hours is half a day and half a night. Now in view of this definition and explanation, how could R. Simeon b. Gamaliel maintain (supra 65a ad fin.) that an 'onah is 'a night and half a day'? ');"><sup>9</sup></span> — Here also, in the case of the menstruant woman,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the case dealt with by R. Simeon b. Gamaliel which bears on the laws of menstruation. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> read: Half a day and half a night. But did he not say 'a night and half a day'? — Rather say: Either 'a night' in the spring or autumn equinox or 'half a day and half a night' in the winter or summer solstice. And if you prefer I might reply: The case involving a <i>kethubah</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. prev. n. mut. mut. ');"><sup>11</sup></span>
ד כלפי לייא בטהרות קיימינן אלא כדרך שאמרו בטהרות כך אמרו ביין נסך
4 is different<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From that of cleanness. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> since protracted negotiations take place<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On its terms. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> before it is signed.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence it was necessary to extend the 'onah to a full night and half a day. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> Both Rab and Samuel laid down: The <i>halachah</i> is that<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Irrespective of whether the girl's age of menstruation has, or has not been reached. ');"><sup>15</sup></span>
ה וכמה עונה א"ר חייא בר אבא א"ר יוחנן או יום או לילה ר' חנה שאונא ואמרי לה רבי חנה בר שאונא אמר רבה בר בר חנה א"ר יוחנן חצי יום וחצי לילה
5 one performs the obligatory marital act and withdraws forthwith. R. Hisda raised an objection: It once happened that Rabbi allowed a woman intercourse on four nights in twelve months!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 64b, ad fin.; q.v. notes. ');"><sup>16</sup></span> — Said Rabbah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. marg. gl. Cur. edd., 'Raba'. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> to him: What need have you<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So MS.M. Cur. edd., 'I'. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> for repeating the same objection? Rather raise one from our Mishnah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which also allows more than one marital act. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> — But he was of the opinion that a practical decision<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As was that of Rabbi. ');"><sup>20</sup></span>
ו ואמר רב שמואל בר רב יצחק ולא פליגי הא בתקופ' ניסן ותשרי הא בתקופת תמוז וטבת
6 is weightier.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Than a mere theoretical ruling. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> At all events,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whether from Rabbi's decision or from our Mishnah. ');"><sup>22</sup></span>
ז הכא נמי אימא גבי נדה חצי יום וחצי לילה והא לילה וחצי יום קאמר אלא אי לילה דניסן ותשרי אי חצי יום וחצי לילה דטבת ותמוז
7 does not a difficulty arise against Rab and Samuel?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who allow no more than one marital act. How could they differ from a Tannaitic ruling? ');"><sup>23</sup></span> They acted in agreement with our Masters; for it was taught: Our Masters decided by a second count of votes<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'they were counted again'. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> that one only performs the obligatory marital act and withdraws forthwith. 'Ulla stated: When R. Johanan and Resh Lakish were engaged in the discussions of the chapter on the 'Young Girl'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the present (the tenth) chapter of Niddah, which begins, IF A YOUNG GIRL. ');"><sup>25</sup></span> they carried away from it only what a fox carries away from a ploughed field,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., nothing. They completely disregarded its rulings. ');"><sup>26</sup></span>
ח ואב"א שאני כתובה דמגבי בה טפי עד דחתמי
8 and concluded it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In agreement with 'our Masters'. ');"><sup>27</sup></span> with this statement: One performs the obligatory marital act and withdraws forthwith. Said R. Abba to R. Ashi: Now then,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since one must withdraw immediately after the act, in order to avoid possible blood of menstruation. ');"><sup>28</sup></span> should a scrupulous man<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'the master of a soul'. ');"><sup>29</sup></span>
ט רב ושמואל דאמרי תרוייהו הלכה בועל בעילת מצוה ופורש
9 not even finish his act? — The other replied: If that were to be the rule<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'if so'. ');"><sup>30</sup></span> one would be ill at ease<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'his heart beats him'. ');"><sup>31</sup></span>
י מתיב רב חסדא מעשה ונתן לה רבי ד' לילות מתוך י"ב חדש
10 and would withdraw altogether. Our Rabbis taught: But all these women if they<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Being in the category of such as observed no discharge while still in their father's homes. ');"><sup>32</sup></span>
יא א"ל רבא הדורי אפירכא למה לי אותיב ממתני' הוא סבר מעשה רב
11 were continually discharging blood during<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'from the midst of'. ');"><sup>33</sup></span> the four nights and after the four nights or<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case of those who did observe a discharge in the homes of their fathers. ');"><sup>34</sup></span> during the night and after it, must without exception<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'all of them'. ');"><sup>35</sup></span> examine themselves;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In order that it may be ascertained (from the colour of the blood) whether the bleeding was due to injured virginity or to menstruation. ');"><sup>36</sup></span>
יב מ"מ לרב ושמואל קשיא אינהו דעבדו כרבותינו דתניא רבותינו חזרו ונמנו בועל בעילת מצוה ופורש
12 and in the case of all these R. Meir imposes restrictions in agreement with the view of Beth Shammai.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus, a minor is allowed four nights and she must, therefore, examine herself if the bleeding continued beyond the fourth night while a na'arah who is allowed one night must examine herself if the bleeding continued after the first night. ');"><sup>37</sup></span> In regard, however, to other observations of blood,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where bleeding did not continue after the four nights in the case of the minor or after the first night in that of the na'arah. ');"><sup>38</sup></span> concerning which a difference of opinion exists between Beth Shammai<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who hold the blood to be unclean irrespective of whether its colour did, or did not change. ');"><sup>39</sup></span> and Beth Hillel,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who maintain that the blood is clean even if its colour had changed. ');"><sup>40</sup></span>
יג אמר עולא כי הוו בה ר' יוחנן ור"ל בתינוקת לא הוו מסקי מינה אלא כדמסיק תעלא מבי כרבא ומסיימי בה הכי בועל בעילת מצוה ופורש
13 he is guided<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In deciding whether the blood is clean or unclean. Lit., 'go'. ');"><sup>41</sup></span> by the colour of the blood; for R. Meir ruled: The colours of the various kinds of blood are different from one another. In what manner? Menstrual blood is red, the blood of virginity is not so red; menstrual blood is turbid, the blood of virginity is not turbid; menstrual blood issues from the source, the blood of virginity issues from the sides. R. Isaac son of R. Jose citing R. Johanan stated: This is the ruling of R. Meir alone, but the Sages maintain: All the colours of the various kinds of blood are the same. Our Rabbis taught: A woman who observes a discharge of blood<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of menstruation. ');"><sup>42</sup></span>
יד א"ל ר' אבא לרב אשי אלא מעתה בעל נפש לא יגמור ביאתו א"ל א"כ לבו נוקפו ופורש
14 as a result of marital intercourse may perform her marital duty the first, second and third time. Henceforward,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If she observed a discharge three times as a result of intercourse. ');"><sup>43</sup></span> however, she may not perform it until she is divorced
טו ת"ר וכולן שהיו שופעות דם ובאות מתוך ד' לילות לאחר ד' לילות מתוך הלילה לאחר הלילה כולן צריכות לבדוק את עצמן
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טז ובכולן ר"מ מחמיר כדברי ב"ש
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יז ושאר ראיות שבין ב"ש וב"ה הלך אחר מראה דמים
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יח שהיה ר"מ אומר מראה דמים משונים הן זה מזה כיצד דם נדה אדום דם בתולים אינו אדום דם נדה זיהום דם בתולים אינו זיהום דם נדה בא מן המקור דם בתולים בא מן הצדדין
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יט אמר רבי יצחק בר רבי יוסי אמר רבי יוחנן זו דברי ר' מאיר אבל חכמים אומרים כל מראה דמים אחת הן
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כ תנו רבנן הרואה דם מחמת תשמיש משמשת פעם ראשונה ושניה ושלישית מכאן ואילך לא תשמש עד שתתגרש
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