Niddah 25

Chapter 25

א מתני׳ <big><strong>כל</strong></big> היד המרבה לבדוק בנשים משובחת ובאנשים תקצץ
1 <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. EVERY HAND THAT MAKES FREQUENT EXAMINATION IS IN THE CASE OF WOMEN PRAISEWORTHY,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since both husband and wife are thereby saved either from doubtful uncleanness or from certain transgression. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ב <big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מ"ש נשים ומאי שנא אנשים נשים לאו בנות הרגשה נינהו משובחות אנשים דבני הרגשה נינהו תקצץ
2 BUT IN THE CASE OF MEN IT OUGHT TO BE CUT OFF.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because of masturbation. ');"><sup>2</sup></span> <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Wherein [in this respect]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' FREQUENT EXAMINATION. ');"><sup>3</sup></span>
ג אי הכי מאי איריא מרבה כי לא מרבה נמי כי קתני מרבה אנשים
3 do women differ from men?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. why is the hand of the former PRAISEWORTHY while that of the latter OUGHT TO BE CUT OFF? ');"><sup>4</sup></span> — Women [in this matter] are not sensitive,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the examination does not unduly excite their passions. ');"><sup>5</sup></span> hence they are praiseworthy,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since both husband and wife are thereby saved either from doubtful uncleanness or from certain transgression. ');"><sup>1</sup></span>
ד תנא בד"א לענין שכבת זרע אבל לענין זוב אף הוא משובח כנשים
4 but in the case of men who are highly sensitive [their hands] ought to be cut off.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because of masturbation. ');"><sup>2</sup></span> But, if so,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because of masturbation. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ה ואפי' לענין שכבת זרע אם בא לבדוק בצרור או בחרס בודק
5 what was the point in saying 'MAKES FREQUENT' [seeing that the same reason<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because of masturbation. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ו ובמטלית לא והתניא בודק עצמו במטלית ובכל דבר שרוצה כדאמר אביי במטלית עבה הכא נמי במטלית עבה
6 applies] also where [the examinations are] infrequent? — When 'MAKES FREQUENT' was mentioned it was intended to refer to women only.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cf. n. 1. ');"><sup>6</sup></span> One taught: This<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The culpability of men who make such examinations. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> applies only to the emission of semen but as regards flux<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., when a man is suffering from gonorrhoea and is desirous of ascertaining the number of attacks he had (v. next n.). ');"><sup>8</sup></span> a man also is as praiseworthy as the women;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it is necessary to ascertain whether the attack occurred only twice or three times. In the former case the man is only unclean while in the latter he must also bring a sacrifice. ');"><sup>9</sup></span> and even in regard to the emission of semen, if he desires to make the examination with a splinter or with a potsherd<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Avoiding masturbation. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ז והיכא איתמר דאביי אהא דתנן היה אוכל בתרומה והרגיש שנזדעזעו איבריו אוחז באמתו ובולע את התרומה
7 he may do so. May he not, however, do it with a rag, seeing that it was taught: A man may examine himself with a rag or with any other thing he wishes? — As Abaye stated elsewhere: 'With a thick rag'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Avoiding masturbation. ');"><sup>10</sup></span> So also here<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Baraitha just cited. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> it may be explained: With a thick rag.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Avoiding masturbation. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>
ח אוחז והתניא רבי אליעזר אומר כל האוחז באמתו ומשתין כאילו מביא מבול לעולם אמר אביי במטלית עבה
8 And in what connection was Abaye's statement made? In connection with the following: If a priest, while eating <i>terumah</i>, felt a shiver run through his body<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'that his limbs trembled', an indication of the imminent emission of semen. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> he takes hold of his membrum<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To restrain the emission. Uncleanness does not set in until the semen has actually left the body. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> and swallows the <i>terumah</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 40a. ');"><sup>14</sup></span> 'Takes hold'! But has it not been taught: R. Eliezer said, 'Whoever holds his membrum when he makes water is as though he had brought a flood on the world'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shab. 41a, infra 43a. The generation of the flood were guilty of such offences (cf. R.H. 12a). Now how, in view of R. Eliezer's statement, could one be allowed to commit an offence even for the sake of terumah? ');"><sup>15</sup></span> To this Abaye replied. 'With a thick rag'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Avoiding masturbation. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>
ט רבא אמר אפילו תימא במטלית רכה כיון דעקר עקר ואביי חייש דלמא אתי לאוסופי ורבא לא חייש דלמא אתי לאוסופי
9 Raba replied: It<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Baraitha just cited. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> may even be said to apply to a soft rag for once the semen has been detached the subsequent touch does no longer matter.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'since it was uprooted it was uprooted', no more semen would be emitted despite the heat engendered. ');"><sup>18</sup></span> And Abaye?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Why, in view of Raba's explanation, does he restrict the application to a thick rag only? ');"><sup>19</sup></span>
י ולא והתניא הא למה זה דומה לנותן אצבע בעין שכל זמן שאצבע בעין עין מדמעת וחוזרת ומדמעת
10 — He made provision against the possibility of an additional discharge.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of semen. ');"><sup>20</sup></span> And Raba? — He does not consider the possibility of any additional discharges. But does he not, seeing that it was taught, 'To what may this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The touching of the membrum after an emission. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> be compared? To the putting of a finger upon the eye where, as long as the finger remains on it, the eye continues to tear'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 43a. Lit. 'tears and tears again'. ');"><sup>22</sup></span>
יא ורבא כל אחמומי והדר אחמומי בשעתיה לא שכיח
11 Now Raba?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' How could he differ from this Baraitha? ');"><sup>23</sup></span>
יב גופא ר"א אומר כל האוחז באמה ומשתין כאילו מביא מבול לעולם אמרו לו לרבי אליעזר והלא נצוצות נתזין על רגליו ונראה ככרות שפכה ונמצא מוציא לעז על בניו שהן ממזרים
12 — It is quite uncommon for one to get heated twice in immediate succession.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'any being heated and being heated again in its time'. Hence the ruling in the Mishnah infra 40a. The Baraitha infra 43a, on the other hand, refers to one who practised self-abuse. ');"><sup>24</sup></span> [Reverting to] the main text: 'R. Eliezer said, Whoever holds his membrum when he makes water is as though he had brought a flood on the world'. But, they said to R. Eliezer, would not the spray bespatter his feet and he would appear to be maimed in his privy parts so that he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Being assumed to be incapable of procreation. ');"><sup>25</sup></span> would be the cause of casting upon his children the reflection of being illegitimate? — It is preferable, he answered them, that a man should be the cause of casting upon his children the reflection of being illegitimate than that he should make himself a wicked man, even for a while, before the Omnipresent. Another [Baraitha] taught: R. Eliezer replied to the Sages. It is possible for a man to stand on a raised spot and to make water or to make water in loose earth and thus to avoid making himself wicked, even for a while, before the Omnipresent. Which<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the two statements cited. ');"><sup>26</sup></span> did he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Eliezer. ');"><sup>27</sup></span>
יג אמר להן מוטב שיוציא לעז על בניו שהן ממזרים ואל יעשה עצמו רשע שעה אחת לפני המקום
13 tell them<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Sages. ');"><sup>28</sup></span> first? If it be suggested that it was the first mentioned statement that he gave them first [is it likely, it may be objected], that after he spoke to them of a prohibition<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which applies in all cases. ');"><sup>29</sup></span>
יד תניא אידך אמר להן רבי אליעזר לחכמים אפשר יעמוד אדם במקום גבוה וישתין או ישתין בעפר תיחוח ואל יעשה עצמו רשע שעה אחת לפני המקום
14 he would merely offer a remedy?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Implying that where the remedy is inapplicable the prohibition may be disregarded. ');"><sup>30</sup></span> — The fact is that it was the last mentioned statement<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'that'. ');"><sup>31</sup></span>
טו הי אמר להו ברישא אילימא קמייתא אמר להו ברישא בתר דאמר להו איסורא הדר אמר להו תקנתא
15 that he gave them first, and when they asked him, 'What is he to do when he can find no raised spot or loose earth', he answered them, 'It is preferable that a man should be the cause of casting upon his children the reflection of being illegitimate than that he should make himself a wicked man, even for a while, before the Omnipresent'. But why all these precautions?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'and all such, why'. ');"><sup>32</sup></span>
טז אלא הא אמר להו ברישא ואמרו ליה אין לו מקום גבוה ועפר תיחוח מאי אמר להן מוטב שיוציא לעז על בניו ואל יעשה עצמו רשע שעה אחת לפני המקום
16 — Because otherwise one might emit semen in vain, and R. Johanan stated: Whosoever emits semen in vain deserves death, for it is said in Scripture. And the thing<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'He spilled it on the ground' (Gen. XXXVIII, 9). ');"><sup>33</sup></span> which he did<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'He spilled it on the ground' (Gen. XXXVIII, 9). ');"><sup>33</sup></span> was evil in the sight of the Lord, and He slew him also.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. XXXVIII, 10. ');"><sup>34</sup></span> R. Isaac and R. Ammi said. He<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who emits semen in vain. ');"><sup>35</sup></span> is as though he shed blood, for it is said in Scripture. Ye that inflame yourselves among the terebinths, under every leafy tree, that slay the children in the valleys under the clefts of the rocks;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. LVII, 5. ');"><sup>36</sup></span>
יז וכל כך למה מפני שמוציא שכבת זרע לבטלה דא"ר יוחנן כל המוציא שכבת זרע לבטלה חייב מיתה שנאמר (בראשית לח, י) וירע בעיני ה' (את) אשר עשה וימת גם אותו
17 read not 'that slay'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H]. ');"><sup>37</sup></span> but 'that press out'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] interchange of the sibilants shin and sin. ');"><sup>38</sup></span> R. Assi said: He<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who emits semen in vain. ');"><sup>39</sup></span> is like one who worships idols; for here<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. LVII, 5. ');"><sup>36</sup></span>
יח רבי יצחק ורבי אמי אמרי כאילו שופך דמים שנאמר (ישעיהו נז, ה) הנחמים באלים תחת כל עץ רענן שוחטי הילדים בנחלים תחת סעיפי הסלעים אל תקרי שוחטי אלא סוחטי
18 it is written, 'Under every leafy tree' and elsewhere<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In reference to idolatry. ');"><sup>40</sup></span> it is written, upon the high mountains&nbsp;… and under every leafy tree.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Deut. XII, 2; an inference by analogy. ');"><sup>41</sup></span> Rab Judah and Samuel once stood upon the roof of the Synagogue of Shaf-weyathib<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The name of a man or place. v. Meg. (Sonc. ed.) p. 175, n. 5. ');"><sup>42</sup></span>
יט רב אסי אמר כאילו עובד עבודת כוכבים כתיב הכא תחת כל עץ רענן וכתיב התם (דברים יב, ב) על ההרים הרמים ותחת כל עץ רענן
19 in Nehardea. Said Rab Judah to Samuel 'I must make water'. 'Shinena',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Keen-witted', 'long-toothed' (denoting some facial characteristic) or 'man of iron endurance', cf. B.B. (Sonc. ed.) p. 561, n. 14. ');"><sup>43</sup></span> the other replied, 'take hold of your membrum<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To prevent the water from falling on the roof. ');"><sup>44</sup></span>
כ רב יהודה ושמואל הוו קיימי אאיגרא דבי כנישתא דשף ויתיב בנהרדעא אמר ליה רב יהודה לשמואל צריך אני להשתין א"ל שיננא אחוז באמתך והשתן לחוץ
20 and make the water outside [the roof]'. But how could he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rab Judah. ');"><sup>45</sup></span> do so, seeing that it was taught: R. Eliezer said, Whoever holds his membrum when he makes water is as though he brought a flood on the world? — Abaye replied: He treated this case as that of a reconnoitering troop, concerning which we learnt, 'If a reconnoitering troop has entered a town in time of peace the open wine jars are forbidden<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the troops may have offered them as libation to their idols. ');"><sup>46</sup></span> and the closed ones are permitted,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It being assumed that the troops who have at their disposal the open jars would not meddle with the closed ones. ');"><sup>47</sup></span> but in times of war the former as well as the latter are permitted because the troops have no time to offer libations'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Keth. 27a, A.Z., 70b. ');"><sup>48</sup></span> Thus it clearly follows that owing to their being in a state of fear they do not think<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'come'. ');"><sup>49</sup></span>
כא היכי עביד הכי והתניא ר"א אומר כל האוחז באמתו ומשתין כאילו מביא מבול לעולם
21 of offering libations, and so also in this case, since he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rab Judah. ');"><sup>45</sup></span> was in a state of fear he would not think of lustful matters. But what fear could there be here? — If you wish I might reply: The fear of the night and of the roof.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Standing on its edge in the darkness of the night he is afraid of falling off. ');"><sup>50</sup></span> If you prefer I might reply: The fear of his Master.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Samuel. ');"><sup>51</sup></span>
כב אמר אביי עשאו כבולשת דתנן בולשת שנכנס לעיר בשעת שלום חביות פתוחות אסורות סתומות מותרות בשעת מלחמה אלו ואלו מותרות לפי שאין להן פנאי לנסך אלמא דכיון דבעיתי לא אתי לנסוכי הכא נמי כיון דבעיתי לא אתי להרהורי
22 If you prefer I might say: The fear of the <i>Shechinah</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which abides in the Synagogue. ');"><sup>52</sup></span> If you prefer I might say: The fear of the Lord that was<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Always, even when not on a roof or in the darkness of night. ');"><sup>53</sup></span> upon him,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that no impure thoughts would occur to him even at any other time or place. ');"><sup>54</sup></span> for Samuel once remarked of him<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'born of woman'. ');"><sup>55</sup></span> 'This man is no mortal being'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'born of woman'. ');"><sup>55</sup></span> If you prefer I might say: He was a married man, and concerning such R. Nahman ruled, 'If a man was married, this is permitted'. If you prefer I might say: It was this that he taught him, vis., that which R. Abba the son of R. Benjamin b. Hiyya learnt: But he may support the testicles from below. And if you prefer I might say: It was this that he taught them, viz., that which R. Abbahu stated in the name of R. Johanan: It has a limit; from the corona downward [touch] is permitted
כג והכא מאי ביעתותא איכא איבעית אימא ביעתותא דליליא ודאיגרא ואיבעית אימא ביעתותא דרביה ואב"א ביעתותא דשכינה ואיבעית אימא אימתא דמריה עליה דקרי שמואל עליה אין זה ילוד אשה
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כד ואיבעית אימא נשוי הוה דאמר רב נחמן אם היה נשוי מותר
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כה ואיבעית אימא כי הא אורי ליה דתני אבא בריה דרבי בנימין בר חייא אבל מסייע בביצים מלמטה ואיבעית אימא כי הא אורי ליה דאמר רבי אבהו אמר רבי יוחנן גבול יש לו מעטרה ולמטה מותר
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