Pesachim 66

אמר אמר קרא (דברים יח, ד) ראשית ששיריה ניכרין לישראל יצתה זו שאין שיריה ניכרין

he said, Scripture saith, The firstfruits [of thy corn etc.], [implying] that its residue is distinct [in that i becomes permitted] to the Israelite,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., by giving the firstfruits, viz., the terumah to the priest, the residue becomes permitted to the Israelite.');">¹</span> [thus] this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Leaven separated as terumah during Passover.');">²</span> is excluded, since its residue is not [so] distinct.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The residue, being leaven, remains forbidden to the Israelite.');">³</span> R'Ala B'R''Awia sat before R'Joshua and he sat and said in R'Johanan's name: If grapes are defiled, one may tread them out less than an egg in quantity at a time, and their wine is fit for libations.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the altar. Unclean food less than an egg in quantity cannot defile other eatables. Hence when he treads out the grapes in such small quantities, there is never enough to defile the exuded juice, and the wine manufactured therefrom is clean, and consequently fit for libations on the altar, for which, of course, only undefiled wine is valid.');">⁴</span>

יתיב רב אחא בר רב עויא קמיה דרב חסדא ויתיב ואמר משמיה דר' יוחנן ענבים שנטמאו דורכן פחות פחות מכביצה ויינן כשר לנסכין אלמא קסבר משקין מיפקד פקידי לאימת קא מיטמאי לכי סחיט להו לכי סחיט להו ליתיה לשיעוריה

This proves that he holds that the juice is indeed stored up;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is not joined, as it were, to the outer skin and part of it, but like a liquid that is kept in a vessel. For if it were held to be absorbed and part the skin, it would become unclean simultaneously with the skin.');">⁵</span> [consequently] when is it [the juice] defiled? When he expresses it; [but] when he expresses it, its standard quantity [for defiling] is absent.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As explained on p. 152, n. 14.');">⁶</span> If so, [he can tread] as much as an egg too, for we learned: If a man unclean through a corpse squeezes out olives or grapes exactly as much as an egg in quantity, they are clean?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This person defiles food, and the food in turn, if not less than an egg in quantity, defiles liquids. Here the man does not touch the expressed juice. Now after the first drop issues the residue is less than the necessary minimum and therefore it does not defile the liquid that follows');">⁷</span>

אי הכי כביצה נמי דהתנן טמא מת שסחט זיתים וענבים כביצה מכוונת טהורין התם דאי עבד הכא לכתחלה גזירה דילמא אתי למיעבד יותר מכביצה

- There it is [thus] if he did it;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If he squeezes as much as an egg, it is clean.');">⁸</span> here it is in the first instance [when h must not tread as much as an egg] for fear lest he come to tread<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., tread out.');">⁹</span> more than an egg.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If he comes to ask what to do, he is told to tread it less than an egg at a time. For if he is permitted to tread out exactly as much as an egg, he may exceed it, thus rendering the whole unclean.');">¹⁰</span> Said R'Hisda to him, Who needs you and R'Johanan your teacher: whither then has their uncleanness<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the grapes.');">¹¹</span>

א"ל רב חסדא מאן ציית לך ולרבי יוחנן רבך וכי טומאה שבהן להיכן הלכה אלמא קא סבר משקין מיבלע בליעי וכיון דאיטמו ליה אוכלא איטמו ליה משקין

gone? This proves that he holds that the juice is indeed absorbed,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As part of the grape, and does not stand separate.');">¹²</span> and since the [solid] eatable is defiled, the juice too is defiled. A do you not hold that the juice is stored up?

אמר ליה ואת לא תיסברא דמשקין מיפקד פקידי והתנן טמא מת שסחט זיתים וענבים מכוונת כביצה טהורין אי אמרת בשלמא מיפקד פקידי משום הכי טהורין אלא אי אמרת מיבלע בליעי אמאי טהורין

he replied. Surely we learned: If he who is unclean through a corpse squeezes out olives and grapes exactly as much as an egg in quantity, they are clean. Now it is well if you say that the liquid is stored up: for that reason it is clean. But if you say [that] it is absorbed, why is clean? - Said he to him: We discuss here grapes which were not made fit;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To become unclean. Before an eatable can become unclean it must have had moisture upon it.');">¹³</span>

א"ל הכא במאי עסקינן בענבים שלא הוכשרו לאימת מתכשרי לכי סחיט להו כי סחיט להו בציר להו שיעורא דאי לא תימא הכי הא דתניא הא למה זה דומה לתרומת תותין (זיתים) וענבים שנטמאה שאין לו בה לא היתר אכילה ולא היתר הסקה הא היתר אכילה נמי אית ביה דאי בעי דריך להו פחות פחות מכביצה

when [then] do they become fit? when he squeezes them;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the first drop which exudes and touches the outer skin makes the grapes fit to become unclean.');">¹⁴</span> but when he squeezes them the standard quantity [for defilement] is diminished.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For after the first drop has oozed out, less than an egg in quantity is left.');">¹⁵</span> For if you should not say thus, [them] when it was taught, 'To what is this like?

אמר רבא גזירה דילמא אתי בהו לידי תקלה אמר ליה אביי ומי חיישינן לתקלה והא תניא מדליקין בפת ובשמן של תרומה שנטמאת אמר ליה פת זריק ליה בין העצים שמן של תרומה רמי ליה בכלי מאוס

To terumah of mulberries and grapes which were defiled, which is not permitted to him either for eating or for burning.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 32a.');">¹⁶</span> - but surely it may be eaten too, for if he wishes, he can tread them out less than an egg at a time?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If we assume that the liquid is merely stored up. Hence it follows that the liquid is absorbed and is unclean simultaneously with the outer skins of the mulberries and grapes.');">¹⁷</span> - Said Raba: It is a preventive measure,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. thus denying him the right to squeeze them out in such small quantities.');">¹⁸</span> lest he come to a stumbling-block through them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He may eat them whilst treading them.');">¹⁹</span>

גופא מדליקין בפת ובשמן של תרומה שנטמאת אביי אמר משמיה דחזקיה ורבא אמר דבי רבי יצחק בר מרתא אמר רב הונא לא שנו אלא פת אבל חיטי לא שמא יבא בהן לידי תקלה ורבי יוחנן אמר אפילו חיטי ואמאי ניחוש דילמא אתי בהן לידי תקלה כדאמר רב אשי

Abaye said to him, Yet do we fear a stumbling-block? Surely it was taught: One may light [a fire] with bread or oil of terumah which was defiled!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And we do not fear that he may come to eat it.');">²⁰</span> - The bread he casts among the wood, he replied, and the oil of terumah he pours into a repulsive vessel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that in both cases he is not likely to eat it.');">²¹</span> [It was stated in] the text: 'One may light [a fire] with bread or oil of terumah which was defiled'. Abaye said in Hezekiah's name, and Raba said, The School of R'Isaac B'Martha said in R'Huna's name: They learned this of bread only, but not of wheat, lest he come to a stumbling-block through it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even if wheat is thrown among wood it does not become repulsive.');">²²</span> But R'Johanan said: Even wheat.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Is permitted.');">²³</span> But why? Let us fear lest he come to a stumbling-block through it? - As R'Ashi said [elsewhere].