Pesachim 73

ובית הלל מתירין וכמה פת עבה א"ר הונא טפח שכן מצינו בלחם הפנים טפח

but Beth Hillel permit it. And how much is a thick loaf?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which Beth Hillel permit.');">¹</span> Said R'Huna, A handbreadth, because thus we find in the case of the shewbread [that it was] a handbreadth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though the shewbread was unleavened (Men. 27a) .');">²</span>

מתקיף לה רב יוסף אם אמרו בזריזין יאמרו בשאינן זריזין אם אמרו בפת עמילה יאמרו בפת שאינו עמילה

To this R'Joseph demurred: If they [the Sages] said [this] of men of care,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the priests.');">³</span> did they say [it] of those who are not careful?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Unleavened bread for Passover is made by all, and many cannot exercise sufficient care to prevent the dough from fermenting when it is so thick.');">⁴</span> If they said [this] of well-kneaded bread, did they say [it] of bread that is not well-kneaded?

אם אמרו בעצים יבשין יאמרו בעצים לחים אם אמרו בתנור חם יאמרו בתנור צונן אם אמרו בתנור של מתכת יאמרו בתנור של חרס

If they said [this] of dry logs, did they say [it] o damp logs? If they said [this] of a hot oven, did they say [it] of a cool oven? If they said [this] of a metal o did they say [it] of an earthen oven?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the preparation of the shewbread all these conditions would be observed; but they might be absent in a private home.');">⁵</span>

אמר ר' ירמיה בר אבא שאילית את רבי ביחוד ומנו רב איכא דאמרי רב ירמיה בר אבא אמר רב שאילית את רבי ביחוד ומנו רבינו הקדוש מאי פת עבה פת מרובה ואמאי קרו ליה פת עבה משום דנפישא בלישה ואי בעית אימא באתריה דהאי תנא לפת מרובה פת עבה קרו ליה

Said R'Jeremiah B'Abba, I asked my teacher in private, and who is it? Rab - others state, R'Jeremiah B'Abba said in Rab's name, I asked my teacher in private, and who is it? Our holy Teacher.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., R. Judah ha-Nasi.');">⁶</span>

מאי טעמא אי משום דקא טרח טירחא דלא צריך מאי איריא בפסח אפילו בי"ט נמי

What is [meant by] a thick bread? Bread in large quantity.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though baked in thin wafers.');">⁷</span> And why is it called a thick bread?

אין הכי נמי והאי תנא ביום טוב של פסח קאי תניא נמי הכי בית שמאי אומרים אין אופין פת עבה ביום טוב ובית הלל מתירין

Because it is much in kneading.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., when sufficient dough is kneaded for many wafers.');">⁸</span> Alternatively, in the locality of this Tanna bread in large quantity i called thick bread. [Then] what is the reason:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That Beth Shammai forbid it, seeing that we are actually dealing with thin wafers.');">⁹</span>

ת"ר יוצאין בפת נקיה ובהדראה ובסריקין המצויירין בפסח אע"פ שאמרו אין עושין סריקין המצויירין בפסח אמר רב יהודה דבר זה שאל בייתוס בן זונין לחכמים מפני מה אמרו אין עושין סריקין המצויירין בפסח אמרו לו מפני שהאשה שוהה עליה ומחמצתה

if because he takes unnecessary trouble,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In kneading so much at a time. Though food may be prepared on Festivals, unnecessary trouble is forbidden.');">¹⁰</span> - why particularly on Passover: even on any [other] festival too [it is forbidden]? - That indeed is so, but this Tanna was engaged on<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'standing at'.');">¹¹</span> the festival of Passover.

אמר להם אפשר יעשנה בדפוס ויקבענה כיון אמרו לו יאמרו כל הסריקין אסורין וסריקי בייתוס מותרין

It was taught likewise:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That it is forbidden because of the unnecessary labour.');">¹²</span> Beth Shammai maintain: One may not bake thick bread on a festival,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Here Passover is not mentioned.');">¹³</span> while Beth Hillel permit it.

אמר רבי אלעזר בר צדוק פעם אחת נכנסתי אחר אבא לבית רבן גמליאל והביאו לפניו סריקין המצויירין בפסח אמרתי אבא לא כך אמרו חכמים אין עושין סריקין המצויירין בפסח אמר לי בני לא של כל אדם אמרו אלא של נחתומין אמרו

Our Rabbis taught: You discharge [your obligation] with fine bread,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Bread made of fine meal.');">¹⁴</span> with coarse bread,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Ar.: thick bread.');">¹⁵</span> and with Syrian cakes shaped in figures.

איכא דאמרי הכי קאמר ליה לא של נחתומין אמרו אלא של כל אדם א"ר יוסי עושין סריקין כמין רקיקין ואין עושין סריקין כמין גלוסקאות

although they [the Sages] said, Syrian cakes shaped in figures must not be made on Passover. Rab Judah said: This thing Boethus B'Zonin asked the Sages: Why was it said [that] Syrian cakes shaped in figures must not be made on Passover? Said they to him, Because a woman would tarry over it and cause it to turn leaven.

ת"ר הסופגנין והדובשנין ואיסקריטין וחלת המסרת והמדומע פטורים מן החלה מאי חלת המסרת אמר רבי יהושע בן לוי זה חלוט של בעלי בתים

[But], he objected, it is possible to make it in a mould, which would form it without delay.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'immediately'.');">¹⁶</span> Then it shall be said, replied they, [that] all Syrian cakes [shaped in figures] are forbidden, but the Syrian cakes of Boethus are permitted!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is absurd. Most bakers lack these moulds!');">¹⁷</span> R'Eleazar B'Zadok said: I once followed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'entered after'.');">¹⁸</span>

אמר ריש לקיש הללו מעשה אילפס הן ורבי יוחנן אמר מעשה אילפס חייבין והללו שעשאן בחמה

my father into the house of R'Gamaliel, and they placed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'brought'.');">¹⁹</span> before him Syrian cakes shaped in figures on Passover. Said I, 'Father, did not the Sages say thus, One may not make Syrian cakes shaped in figures on Passover? ' 'My son', he replied, 'they did not speak of [the cakes of] all people, but only of those of bakers'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who bake for sale. They are more particular');">²⁰</span>

מיתיבי הסופגנין והדובשנין והאיסקריטין עשאן באילפס חייבין בחמה פטורין תיובתיה דרבי שמעון בן לקיש אמר עולא אמר לך רבי שמעון בן לקיש הכא במאי עסקינן שהרתיח ולבסוף הדביק

Others say, he said thus to him: 'They did not speak of those of bakers, but [only] of those of private people'.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because professionals are more expert; also they may have moulds, and so can make them more quickly.');">²¹</span> R'Jose said: One may make Syrian cakes like wafers, but one may not make Syrian cakes like rolls. We learned elsewhere:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is the reading of Ran, and it is so emended here by Bah.');">²²</span>

אבל הדביק ולבסוף הרתיח מאי הכי נמי דפטורין אדתני סיפא עשאן בחמה פטורין ליפלוג וליתני בדידה בד"א כגון שהרתיח ולבסוף הדביק אבל הדביק ולבסוף הרתיח פטורין

Sponge cakes,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cakes made from a spongy dough.');">²³</span> honey cakes, paste-balls,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A kind of cake made of very loose dough.');">²⁴</span> cakes made in a mould, and mixed dough<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A dough of hullin into which there fell dough of terumah.');">²⁵</span>

חסורי מחסרא והכי קתני בד"א שהרתיח ולבסוף הדביק אבל הדביק ולבסוף הרתיח נעשה כמי שעשאן בחמה ופטורין

are exempt from hallah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos.');">²⁶</span> What are cakes made in a mould? - Said R'Joshua B'Levi: That is halut<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 170. n. 14.');">²⁷</span> of private people.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., home-made pancakes. They are not made like bread, and only dough made for bread is subject to hallah.');">²⁸</span>

ת"ש יוצאין במצה הינא ובמצה העשויה באילפס הכא נמי שהרתיח ולבסוף הדביק

Resh Lakish said: These are prepared in an ilpes.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jast.: a tightly covered stew pot. I.e., it is not bread at all, Resh Lakish holding that only that which is baked in an oven is bread to be subject to hallah. ehcsv');">²⁹</span> While R'Johanan maintained: Those which are prepared in an ilpes are liable [to hallah], but these [are exempt] because they were prepared in the sun. An objection is raised: Sponge cakes, honey cakes, and pasteballs: if prepared in an ilpes, they are liable [to hallah]; if in the sun, they are exempt.

מאי מצה הינא אמר רב יהודה אמר שמואל כל שפורסה ואין חוטין נמשכין הימנה אמר רבא וכן לחמי תודה פשיטא הכא לחם כתיב והכא לחם כתיב

This is a refutation of R'Simeon B'Lakish? Said 'Ulla, R'Simeon Lakish can answer you: The case we treat of here is where he [first] heated [the ilpes] and then placed [the dough in it].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When the ilpes is first heated it is similar to an oven.- Hidbik () lit., 'to cause to cleave', the cake being pressed to the side of the pot, which was the ancient method of baking.');">³⁰</span> But what [is the law] if he [first] placed [the dough] and then heated it?

מהו דתימא הואיל וכתיב (ויקרא ז, יב) והקריב ממנו

Are they indeed exempt! Then instead of teaching [in] the second clause, 'if prepared in the sun, they are exempt', let him draw a distinction in that itself and teach: When is that? E.g. , if he heated [it] and then placed [the dough]; but if he [first] placed [the dough] and then heated it, they are exempt? There is a lacuna[in this teaching], and it was thus taught: When is that? If he heated [it] and then placed [the dough]; but if he first for the shape to be exactly right and so may take too long over it. But private people are not so particular placed [the dough] and then heated it, it becomes as though he prepared it in the sun, and they are exempt. Come and hear: You discharge your duty with partially baked unleavened bread and unleavened bread which was prepared in an ilpes?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which proves that what is baked in an ilpes is bread, thus refuting R. Simeon b. Lakish.');">³¹</span> - Here too it means that he [first] heats it and then places [the dough]. What is partially baked unleavened bread?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' What is the minimum?');">³²</span> - Said Rab Judah in Samuel's name: Whatever can be broken without threads dragging from it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It must be baked at least as much as that.');">³³</span> Raba said: And the same [rule applies to] loaves of the thanksoffering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The thanksoffering was accompanied by forty loaves, which were sanctified by the killing of the sacrifice. As soon as the loaves have arrived at this stage of baking as defined by Rab Judah, they become sanctified by the slaughtering of the sacrifice, and the sacrifice itself valid.');">³⁴</span> That is obvious: 'bread' is written here and 'bread' is written there?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Obviously then the same definition applies to both. Hallah: when ye eat of the bread of the land (Num. XV, 19) ; the thanksoffering: Lev. VII, 13: with cakes of leavened bread etc.');">³⁵</span> - You might say, since it is written, and he shall offer one