Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Sanhedrin 215:1

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1

רשעים במשפט וחטאים בעדת צדיקים על כן לא יקומו רשעים במשפט זה דור המבול וחטאים בעדת צדיקים אלו אנשי סדום אמרו לו אינם עומדין בעדת צדיקים אבל עומדין בעדת רשעים

THE UNGODLY SHALL NOT STAND IN THE JUDGMENT, NOR SINNERS IN THE CONGREGATION OF THE RIGHTEOUS:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. I, 5. ');"><sup>1</sup></span> THEREFORE 'THE UNGODLY SHALL NOT STAND IN THE JUDGMENT', REFERS TO THE GENERATION OF THE FLOOD; NOR SINNERS IN THE CONGREGATION OF THE RIGHTEOUS', TO THE MEN OF SODOM. THEY [THE SAGES] ANSWERED HIM: THEY WILL NOT STAND IN THE CONGREGATION OF THE RIGHTEOUS, BUT THEY WILL STAND IN THE CONGREGATION OF THE WICKED.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., they shall stand at the last judgment like all other evildoers. ');"><sup>2</sup></span>

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2

(מרגלים אין להם חלק לעולם הבא שנאמר (במדבר יד, לז) וימותו האנשים מוציאי דבת הארץ רעה במגפה לפני ה' וימותו בעולם הזה במגפה לעולם הבא)

THE SPIES HAVE NO PORTION IN THE WORLD TO COME, AS IT IS WRITTEN, EVEN THOSE MEN THAT DID BRING UP THE EVIL REPORT UPON THE LAND, DIED BY THE PLAGUE BEFORE THE LORD.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XIV, 37. ');"><sup>3</sup></span> '[THEY] DIED' — IN THIS WORLD, 'BY THE PLAGUE' — IN THE WORLD TO COME.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This passage 'the spies&nbsp;… next' is omitted in the Yerushalmi. ');"><sup>4</sup></span>

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3

דור המדבר אין להם חלק לעולם הבא ואין עומדין בדין שנאמר (במדבר יד, לה) במדבר הזה יתמו ושם ימותו דברי רבי עקיבא ר' אליעזר אומר עליהם הוא אומר (תהלים נ, ה) אספו לי חסידי כורתי בריתי עלי זבח

THE GENERATION OF THE WILDERNESS HAVE NO SHARE IN THE FUTURE WORLD AND WILL NOT STAND AT THE [LAST] JUDGMENT, AS IT IS WRITTEN, IN THIS WILDERNESS THEY SHALL BE CONSUMED, AND THERE THEY SHALL DIE:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 35. ');"><sup>5</sup></span> THIS IS R. AKIBA'S VIEW. R. ELIEZER SAID: CONCERNING THEM IT IS SAID, GATHER MY SAINTS TOGETHER UNTO ME; THOSE THAT HAVE MADE A COVENANT WITH ME BY SACRIFICE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. L, 5. ');"><sup>6</sup></span>

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4

עדת קרח אינה עתידה לעלות שנאמר (במדבר טז, לג) ותכס עליהם הארץ בעולם הזה ויאבדו מתוך הקהל לעולם הבא דברי ר"ע ר"א אומר עליהם הוא אומר (שמואל א ב, ו) ה' ממית ומחיה מוריד שאול ויעל:

THE CONGREGATION OF KORAH IS NOT DESTINED TO ASCEND [FROM THE EARTH], AS IT IS WRITTEN, AND THE EARTH CLOSED UPON THEM' — IN THIS WORLD, 'AND THEY PERISHED FROM AMONG THE CONGREGATION' — IN THE NEXT:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XVI, 33. ');"><sup>7</sup></span> THIS IS R. AKIBA'S OPINION. R. ELIEZER SAID: OF THEM IT IS WRITTEN, THE LORD KILLETH, AND MAKETH ALIVE: HE BRINGETH DOWN TO THE GRAVE, AND BRINGETH UP.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I Sam. II, 6. ');"><sup>8</sup></span>

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5

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> ת"ר דור המבול אין להם חלק לעולם הבא שנאמר (בראשית ז, כג) וימח את כל היקום אשר על פני האדמה וימח את כל היקום בעולם הזה וימחו מן הארץ לעולם הבא דברי ר"ע ר"י בן בתירא אומר לא חיין ולא נדונין שנאמר (בראשית ו, ג) לא ידון רוחי באדם לעולם לא דין ולא רוח דבר אחר לא ידון רוחי שלא תהא נשמתן חוזרת לנדנה

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Our Rabbis taught: The generation of the flood have no portion in the world to come, as it is written, And every living substance was destroyed which was upon the face of the ground<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. VII, 23. ');"><sup>9</sup></span> and every living substance was destroyed refers to this world; which was upon the face of the ground — to the next: this is R. Akiba's view. R. Judah b. Bathyra maintained: They will neither revive nor be judged, as it is written, My spirit will not always enter into judgment with man:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. VI, 3. ');"><sup>10</sup></span>

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6

ר' מנחם בר יוסף אומר אפילו בשעה שהקב"ה מחזיר נשמות לפגרים מתים נשמתן קשה להם בגיהנם שנאמר (ישעיהו לג, יא) תהרו חשש תלדו קש רוחכם אש תאכלכם

teaching, neither judgment nor spirit.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra. ');"><sup>11</sup></span> Another meaning of 'My Spirit will not enter etc.': their soul shall not return to its sheath.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., their bodies; connecting Yadon, [H] with nadan [H] 'sheath', 'case'. ');"><sup>12</sup></span>

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7

ת"ר דור המבול לא נתגאו אלא בשביל טובה שהשפיע להם הקב"ה ומה כתיב בהם (איוב כא, ט) בתיהם שלום מפחד ולא שבט אלוה עליהם וכתיב (איוב כא, י) שורו עבר ולא יגעיל תפלט פרתו ולא תשכל וכתיב (איוב כא, יא) ישלחו כצאן עויליהם וילדיהם ירקדון וכתיב (איוב כא, יב) ישאו בתוף וכנור וישמחו לקול עוגב וכתיב יבלו ימיהם בטוב ושנותם בנעימים וכתיב וברגע שאול יחתו

R. Menahem son of R. Jose said: Even when the Holy One, blessed be He, restores the souls to the dead bodies,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This phrase has become liturgical. ');"><sup>13</sup></span> their soul shall grieve them in the Gehenna, as it is written, Ye shall conceive chaff ye shall bring forth stubble: your soul, as fire, shall devour you.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Isa. XXXIII, 11. ');"><sup>14</sup></span>

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8

והיא גרמה שאמרו לאל (איוב כא, יד) סור ממנו ודעת דרכיך לא חפצנו מה שדי כי נעבדנו ומה נועיל כי נפגע בו אמרו כלום צריכין אנו לו אלא לטיפה של גשמים יש לנו נהרות ומעינות שאנו מסתפקין מהן אמר הקב"ה בטובה שהשפעתי להן בה מכעיסין אותי ובה אני דן אותם שנאמר (בראשית ו, יז) ואני הנני מביא את המבול מים

Our Rabbis taught: The generation of the flood waxed haughty only because of the good which the Holy One, blessed be He, lavished upon them. Behold, what is written of them? Their houses are safe from fear, 'neither is the rod of God upon them,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Job XXI, 9. ');"><sup>15</sup></span> it is also written, Their bull gendereth, and faileth not,' their cow calveth, and casteth not her calf;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 10. ');"><sup>16</sup></span>

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9

ר' יוסי אמר דור המבול לא נתגאו אלא בשביל גלגל העין שדומה למים [שנאמר (בראשית ו, ב) ויקחו להם נשים מכל אשר בחרו] לפיכך דן אותן במים שדומה לגלגל העין שנאמר (בראשית ז, יא) נבקעו כל מעינות תהום רבה וארבות השמים נפתחו

further, They send forth their little ones like a flock, and their children dance;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 11. ');"><sup>17</sup></span> further, They take the timbrel and the harp, and rejoice at the sound of the organ;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 12. ');"><sup>18</sup></span>

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10

א"ר יוחנן דור המבול ברבה קלקלו וברבה נידונו ברבה קלקלו שנאמר (בראשית ו, ה) וירא ה' כי רבה רעת האדם וברבה נידונו שנאמר (בראשית ז, יא) כל מעינות תהום רבה א"ר יוחנן שלשה נשתיירו מהם בלועה דגדר וחמי טבריא ועיניא רבתי דבירם

and it is also written, They spend their days in prosperity, and their years in pleasures;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XXXVI, 11. ');"><sup>19</sup></span> and it is also written, and in a moment go down to the grave.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. XXI, 13 — they do not suffer before death. ');"><sup>20</sup></span>

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11

(בראשית ו, יב) כי השחית כל בשר את דרכו על הארץ א"ר יוחנן מלמד שהרביעו בהמה על חיה וחיה על בהמה והכל על אדם ואדם על הכל א"ר אבא בר כהנא וכולם חזרו חוץ מתושלמי

And 'tis that which caused them to say to God, Depart from us; for we desire not the knowledge of thy ways. What is the Almighty, that we should serve him? and what profit should we have, if we pray unto him?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 14. ');"><sup>21</sup></span> They said thus: Do we need Him for aught but the drop of rain? We have rivers and wells to supply our wants. Thereupon the Holy One, blessed be He, said: By that very good which I lavished upon them they provoke Me, and by that I will punish<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'judge'. ');"><sup>22</sup></span>

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12

(בראשית ו, ג) ויאמר ה' לנח קץ כל בשר בא לפני א"ר יוחנן בא וראה כמה גדול כחה של חמס שהרי דור המבול עברו על הכל ולא נחתם עליהם גזר דינם עד שפשטו ידיהם בגזל שנאמר (בראשית ו, יג) כי מלאה הארץ חמס מפניהם והנני משחיתם את הארץ וכתיב (יחזקאל ז, יא) החמס קם למטה רשע לא מהם ולא מהמונם ולא מהמהם ולא נה בהם

them, as it is written, And behold, I, even I, do bring a flood of waters upon the earth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. VI, 17. ');"><sup>23</sup></span> R. Jose said: They waxed haughty only on account of the covetousness of the eye-ball, which is like water, as it is written, And they took them wives from all which they chose.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. VI, 2. ');"><sup>24</sup></span>

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13

א"ר אלעזר מלמד שזקף עצמו כמקל ועמד לפני הקב"ה ואמר לפניו רבש"ע לא מהם ולא מהמונם ולא מהמהם ולא נה בהם

Therefore He punished them by water, which is like the eye-ball,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Just as tears gush forth from the eye-ball, which is a small place, so water streams forth from a well. ');"><sup>25</sup></span> as it is written, All the fountains of the great deep were broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. VII, 11. ');"><sup>26</sup></span>

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14

(ואף על נח נחתם גזר דין שנא' ולא נח בהם) תנא דבי ר' ישמעאל אף על נח נחתך גזר דין אלא שמצא חן בעיני ה' שנאמר (בראשית ו, ז) נחמתי כי עשיתם ונח מצא חן בעיני ה'

R. Johanan said: The corruption of the generation of the Flood is characterised as great, and their punishment is characterised as <i>great</i>. Their corruption is characterised as great, as it is written, <i>And God saw that the wickedness of man, was</i> great<i> in the earth;</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. VI, 5. ');"><sup>27</sup></span> and their punishment is characterised as great, as it is written, <i>All the fountains of the great deep.</i> R. Johanan said: Three of those [hot fountains] were left,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It is stated further on that hot water gushed forth from these fountains. Only three such fountains remained after the flood. ');"><sup>28</sup></span>

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15

(בראשית ו, ו) וינחם ה' כי עשה את האדם בארץ כי אתא רב דימי אמר אמר הקב"ה יפה עשיתי שתקנתי להם קברות בארץ מאי משמע כתיב הכא וינחם ה' וכתיב התם (בראשית נ, כא) וינחם אותם וידבר על לבם

the gulf of Gaddor, the hot-springs of Tiberias, and the great well of Biram.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] (Gadara) was famous for its thermal springs; Eusebius, Jerome, and other authors of antiquity speak of its thermal waters, and it is identified with Gum Kreis — Neubauer, Geographie, p. 35. Biram, identified with Baaras near the thermal spring of Callirhoe, east of the Dead Sea. V. Neubauer, op. cit. 36. ');"><sup>29</sup></span> <i>For all flesh had corrupted his way upon the earth</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. VI, 12. ');"><sup>30</sup></span>

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16

ואיכא דאמרי לא יפה עשיתי שתקנתי להם קברות בארץ כתיב הכא וינחם וכתיב התם (שמות לב, יד) וינחם ה' על הרעה אשר דבר לעשות לעמו

R. Johanan said: This teaches that they caused beasts and animals, animals and beasts, to copulate; and all of these were brought in connection with man, and man with them all. R. Abba b. Kahana said, All of them returned [to their own kind], excepting the tushlami.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The name of a bird (Tartarian lark, v. Jast.), which, according to R. Abba b. Kahana, copulates indiscriminately. ');"><sup>31</sup></span> <i>And God said unto Noah, the end of all flesh is come before me</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 13. ');"><sup>32</sup></span>

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17

(בראשית ו, ט) אלה תולדות נח [נח איש צדיק תמים היה בדורותיו] א"ר יוחנן בדורותיו ולא בדורות אחרים וריש לקיש אמר בדורותיו כ"ש בדורות אחרים

R. Johanan said: Come and see how great is the power of robbery, for lo, though the generation of the flood transgressed all laws, their decree of punishment was sealed only because they stretched out their hands to rob, as it is written, for the earth is filled with violence through them, and, behold, I will destroy them with the earth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. ');"><sup>33</sup></span> And it is 'also written, Violence [i.e., robbery] is risen up into a rod of wickedness: none of them shall remain, nor of their multitude, nor any of theirs: neither shall there be wailing for them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezek. VII, 11. ');"><sup>34</sup></span>

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18

א"ר חנינא משל דרבי יוחנן למה הדבר דומה לחבית של יין שהיתה מונחת במרתף של חומץ במקומה ריחה נודף שלא במקומה אין ריחה נודף א"ר אושעיא משל דריש לקיש למה הדבר דומה לצלוחית של פלייטון שהיתה מונחת במקום הטנופת במקומה ריחה נודף וכ"ש במקום הבוסם

R. Eleazar said: This teaches that it [violence personified] erected itself like a staff, stood before the Holy One, blessed be He, and said: 'Sovereign of the Universe! [There is no good in aught] of them, or aught of their multitude, or of theirs; neither shall there be wailing for them.' The School of R. Ishmael taught: The doom [of destruction] was decreed against Noah too, but that he found favour in the eyes of God, as it is written, It repenteth me that I have made them. But Noah found grace in the eyes of the Lord.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. VI, 7f. The first verse indicates that God's regret in the first instance extended to all, Noah included, but that a special exception was made in his favour. ');"><sup>35</sup></span> And the Lord was comforted that he had made man in the earth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. VI, 6. V. below for this translation: ');"><sup>36</sup></span>

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19

(בראשית ז, כג) וימח את כל היקום אשר על פני האדמה אם אדם חטא בהמה מה חטאה

When R. Dimi came<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 390, n. 1. ');"><sup>37</sup></span> he said: The Holy One, blessed be He, exclaimed, 'I did well in preparing graves for them in the earth.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the wicked are thereby destroyed. ');"><sup>38</sup></span>

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20

תנא משום רבי יהושע בן קרחה משל לאדם שעשה חופה לבנו והתקין מכל מיני סעודה לימים מת בנו עמד (ובלבל) [ופזר] את חופתו אמר כלום עשיתי אלא בשביל בני עכשיו שמת חופה למה לי אף הקב"ה אמר כלום בראתי בהמה וחיה אלא בשביל אדם עכשיו שאדם חוטא בהמה וחיה למה לי

How is this signified [by the verse]? — Here is written, And the Lord was comforted;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.V. 'repented'. ');"><sup>39</sup></span> whilst elsewhere it is stated, And he comforted them, and spake kindly to them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. L, 21. By comparing [H] in both places, he translates it 'comforted' in the first as in the second, the comfort being that since man was evil, it was fortunate that God had instituted graves, i.e., death. ');"><sup>40</sup></span>

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21

(בראשית ז, כב) מכל אשר בחרבה מתו ולא דגים שבים

Others say, [He exclaimed,] 'I did not do well in establishing graves for them in the earth;'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Since having regard to their evil they do not deserve an honourable grave but to perish ignominiously by the flood (Yad Ramah).] ');"><sup>41</sup></span> here it is written, And it repented the Lord; whilst elsewhere it is written, And the Lord repented of the evil which he had thought to do unto his people.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXXII, 14. ');"><sup>42</sup></span>

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22

דרש ר' יוסי דמן קסרי מאי דכתיב (איוב כד, יח) קל הוא על פני מים תקולל חלקתם בארץ מלמד שהיה נח הצדיק מוכיח בהם ואומר להם עשו תשובה ואם לאו הקב"ה מביא עליכם את המבול ומקפה נבלתכם על המים כזיקין שנאמר קל הוא על פני מים ולא עוד אלא שלוקחין מהם קללה לכל באי עולם שנאמר (איוב כד, יח) תקולל חלקתם בארץ

These are the generations of Noah: Noah was a just man, and perfect in his generations.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. VI, 9. ');"><sup>43</sup></span> R. Johanan said: In his generations, but not in other generations. Resh Lakish maintained: [Even] in his generations — how much more so in other generations. R. Hanina said: As an illustration of R. Johanan's view, to what may this be compared? To a barrel of wine lying in a vault of acid: in its place, its odour is fragrant [by comparison with the acid]; elsewhere, its odour will not be fragrant.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So Noah: by comparison with the rest of his generation, who were exceptionally wicked, he stood out as a righteous man; in other generations he would not have been superior to the average person. ');"><sup>44</sup></span>

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23

לא יפנה דרך כרמים מלמד שהיו מפנים דרך כרמים אמר לו ומי מעכב אמר להם פרידה אחת יש לי להוציא מכם

R. Oshaia said: As an illustration of Resh Lakish's view, to what may this be compared? To a phial of spikenard oil lying amidst refuse: [if] it is fragrant where it is, how much more so amidst spices!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus, if Noah was righteous even when his entire surroundings were evil, how much more so had he lived amongst righteous men! ');"><sup>45</sup></span> And every living substance was destroyed which was upon the face of the ground, [both man and cattle].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. VII, 23. ');"><sup>46</sup></span> If man sinned, how did the beasts sin? — A Tanna taught on the authority of R. Joshua b. Karha: This may be compared to a man who set up a bridal canopy for his son, and prepared a banquet with every variety [of food]. Subsequently his son died, whereupon he arose and broke up the feast,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'broke up the canopy. ');"><sup>47</sup></span> saying, 'Have I prepared all this for any but my son? Now that he is dead, what need have I of the banquet?' Thus the Holy One, blessed be He, said too, 'Did I create the animals and beasts for aught but man: now that man has sinned, what need have I of the animals and beasts?' All that was in the dry land died;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. VII, 22. ');"><sup>48</sup></span> but not the fish in the sea. R. Jose of Caesarea taught: What is meant by the verse, He is swift as the waters; their portion is cursed in the earth: [he beholdeth not the way of the vineyards]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Job XXIV, 18. ');"><sup>49</sup></span> This teaches that the righteous Noah rebuked them, urging, 'Repent; for if not, the Holy One, blessed be He, will bring a deluge upon you.and cause your bodies to float upon the water like gourds, as it is written, He is light [i.e., floats] upon the waters. Moreover, ye shall be taken as a curse for all future generations,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'all that come into the world.' ');"><sup>50</sup></span> as it is written, their portion is cursed' in the earth. He beholdeth not the way of the vineyards:' this teaches that they looked by the way of the vineyards.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 743, n. 5. The passage is out of place here and the Wilna Gaon deletes it. ');"><sup>51</sup></span> They said to him, 'Who then prevents him?'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If He has such power, what prevents him from using it? ');"><sup>52</sup></span> — He replied.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The speaker now is God. ');"><sup>53</sup></span> 'I have one dear one<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'pigeon'. [A better reading: 'He (God) has one dear one, (the speaker being Noah).] ');"><sup>54</sup></span> to draw out from you.'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One righteous man who must first die, so that he may not suffer your punishment, viz., Methuselah. ');"><sup>55</sup></span>

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