Shabbat 146

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מנינא למה לי א"ר יוחנן שאם עשאן כולם בהעלם אחד חייב על כל אחת ואחת:

<b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Why state the number? — Said R. Johanan: [To teach] that if one performs them all in one state of unawareness, he is liable on account of each separately. SOWING AND PLOUGHING. Let us see: ploughing is done first, then let him [the Tanna] state PLOUGHING first and then SOWING? — The Tanna treats of<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'stands in' — all the Tannaim, of course, were Palestinians. ');">¹</span>

הזורע והחורש: מכדי מכרב כרבי ברישא ליתני חורש והדר ליתני זורע תנא בארץ ישראל קאי דזרעי ברישא והדר כרבי

Palestine, where they first sow and then plough.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Involving only one liability if performed at the same time. ');">²</span> A Tanna taught: Sowing, pruning, planting, bending,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Bending a vine for drawing it into the ground and making it grow as an independent plant (Jast.). ');">³</span>

תנא הזורע והזומר והנוטע והמבריך והמרכיב כולן מלאכה אחת הן מאי קמ"ל הא קמ"ל] העושה מלאכות הרבה מעין מלאכה אחת אינו חייב אלא אחת א"ר אחא א"ר חייא בר אשי א"ר אמי זומר חייב משום נוטע והנוטע והמבריך והמרכיב חייב משום זורע משום זורע אין משום נוטע לא אימא אף משום זורע

and grafting are all one labour. What does this inform us? — This: that if one performs many labours of the same nature, he is liable only to one [sacrifice]. R. Abba<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So text as amended. ');">⁴</span> said in the name of R. Hiyya b. Ashi in R. Ammi's name: He who prunes is culpable on account of planting, while he who plants, bends [the vine], or grafts is culpable on account of sowing. On account of sowing only but not on account of planting?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Surely bending and grafting are forms of planting? — Planting and sowing are identical, the former applying to trees and the latter to cereals. ');">⁵</span>

אמר רב כהנא זומר וצריך לעצים חייב שתים אחת משום קוצר ואחת משום נוטע א"ר יוסף האי מאן דקטל אספסתא חייב שתים אחת משום קוצר ואחת משום נוטע אמר אביי האי מאן דקניב סילקא חייב שתים אחת משום קוצר ואחת משום זורע:

— Say: on account of planting too.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence if he grafts and sows, he is only liable to one penalty. ');">⁶</span> R. Kahana said: If one prunes and needs the wood [too], he is liable to two [penalties],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., sin-offering, if done unwittingly. ');">⁷</span>

והחורש: תנא החורש והחופר והחורץ כולן מלאכה אחת הן אמר רב ששת היתה לו גבשושית ונטלה בבית חייב משום בונה בשדה חייב משום חורש אמר רבא היתה לו גומא וטממה בבית חייב משום בונה בשדה משום חורש

one on account of reaping<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cutting wood from a tree for its use is a derivative of reaping. ');">⁸</span> and one on account of planting.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Pruning is done to enable what is left to grow more freely, and thus it is a derivative of planting. ');">⁹</span>

אמר רבי אבא החופר גומא בשבת ואינו צריך אלא לעפרה פטור עליה ואפילו לרבי יהודה דאמר מלאכה שאינה צריכה לגופה חייב עליה ה"מ מתקן האי מקלקל הוא:

R. Joseph said: He who cuts hay is liable to two [penalties], one on account of reaping and the other on account of planting.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The hay is cut so that new grass can grow, and thus it is a derivative of planting (i.e., sowing) too. ');">¹⁰</span> Abaye said: He who trims beets [in the ground] is liable to two [penalties], one on account of reaping<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the beets he cuts constitute a harvest. ');">¹¹</span>

והקוצר: תנא הקוצר הבוצר והגודר והמסיק והאורה כולן מלאכה אחת אמר רב פפא האי מאן דשדא פיסא לדיקלא ואתר תמרי חייב שתים אחת משום תולש ואחת משום מפרק רב אשי אמר אין דרך תלישה בכך ואין דרך פריקה בכך:

and one on account of planting.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As in n. 5. ');">¹²</span> PLOUGHING. A Tanna taught: Ploughing, digging, and trenching are a]l one [form of] work.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Involving only one liability if performed at the same time. ');">¹³</span>

והמעמר: אמר רבא האי מאן דכניף מילחא ממלחתא חייב משום מעמר אביי אמר אין עימור אלא בגידולי קרקע:

R. Shesheth said: If one has a mound [of earth] and removes it, in the house, he is liable on the score of building;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For he thereby levels the floor, which is part of building. ');">¹⁴</span> if in the field, he is liable on the score of ploughing. Raba said: If one has a depression and fills it up: if in the house, he is liable on account of building; if in the field, he is liable on account of ploughing.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For he thereby prepares the ground for sowing. ');">¹⁵</span>

והדש: תנא הדש והמנפץ והמנפט כולן מלאכה אחת הן:

R. Abba said: If one digs a pit on the Sabbath, needing only the earth thereof,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not the pit itself. ');">¹⁶</span> he is not culpable on its account. And even according to R. Judah, who ruled: One is liable on account of a labour which is not required on its own account:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 12a, 31b. ');">¹⁷</span>

הזורה הבורר והטוחן והמרקד: היינו זורה היינו בורר היינו מרקד אביי ורבא דאמרי תרוייהו כל מילתא דהויא במשכן

that is only when he effects an improvement, but this man causes damage.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He spoils the ground by the pit. ');">¹⁸</span> REAPING: A Tanna taught: Reaping, vintaging, gathering [dates], collecting [olives], and gathering [figs] are all one [form of] labour. R. Papa said: He who throws a clod of earth at a palm tree and dislodges dates is liable to two [penalties], one on account of detaching<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That which is attached to the soil, the clod being taken up from the soil. ');">¹⁹</span> and one on account of stripping.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: the tree of a burden, sc. the dates. Ri: the dates of their outer skin. In both cases this is a derivative of threshing, which separates the grain from the chaff. ');">²⁰</span> R. Ashi said: This is not the mode of detaching, nor is it the mode of stripping.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence he is not liable on either score. ');">²¹</span> BINDING SHEAVES. Raba<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Maim. and Asheri read: Rabbah. ');">²²</span> said: He who collects salt out of a salina<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A salt deposit, formed by causing sea water to flow into a trench; the water evaporates through the heat of the sun, leaving the salt. Raba refers to this action of directing the water into the trench. ');">²³</span> is liable on the score of binding sheaves.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It partakes of the same nature, and ranks as a derivative thereof. ');">²⁴</span> Abaye said: Binding sheaves applies only to products of the soil. THRESHING. It was taught: Threshing, beating [flax in their stalks], and beating [cotton] are all the same form of work. WINNOWING, SELECTING, GRINDING AND SIFTING. But winnowing, selecting, and sifting are identical?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All consist of separating fit from unfit food. ');">²⁵</span> — Abaye and Raba both said: Whatever was performed in [connection with the erection of] the Tabernacle,