Shabbat 147

אע"ג דאיכא דדמיא לה חשיב לה וליחשב נמי כותש אמר אביי שכן עני אוכל פתו בלא כתישה רבא אמר הא מני רבי היא דאמר אבות מלאכות ארבעים חסר אחת ואי חשיב כותש הויא ליה ארבעים וליפוק חדא מהנך ולעייל כותש אלא מחוורתא כדאביי:

even if there are [labours] similar thereto, is counted [separately].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' What constitutes primary labours is learnt from the Tabernacle (v. 49b). All these labours were needed for the Tabernacle in the wilderness; hence they are counted separately. ');">¹</span> Then let him also enumerate pounding [wheat]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In a mortar, to remove the husk. Drugs were pounded in connection with the Tabernacle for dyes. ');">²</span> — Said Abaye: Because a poor man eats his bread without pounding.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence it is omitted, for the Tanna evidently follows the general order of making bread, and bread for the poor is prepared with the husk of the wheat. But it is certainly a primary labour forbidden on the Sabbath. ');">³</span>

ת"ר היו לפניו מיני אוכלין בורר ואוכל בורר ומניח ולא יברור ואם בירר חייב חטאת מאי קאמר אמר עולא הכי קאמר בורר ואוכל לבו ביום ובורר ומניח לבו ביום ולמחר לא יברור ואם בירר חייב חטאת מתקיף לה רב חסדא וכי מותר לאפות לבו ביום וכי מותר לבשל לבו ביום

Raba said: This agrees with Rabbi, who said: The primary labours are forty less one; but if pounding were enumerated, there would be forty.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rabbi deduces even the number of labours from Scripture (v. infra 97b). ');">⁴</span> Then let one of these be omitted and pounding be inserted? Hence it is clear [that it must be explained] as Abaye [does]. Our Rabbis taught: If various kinds of food lie before one, he may select and eat, select and put aside; but he must not select, and if he does, he incurs a sin-offering. What does this mean? — Said 'Ulla, This is its meaning: He may select to eat on the same day, and he may select and put aside for the same day; but he must not select for [use on] the morrow, and if he does, he incurs a sin-offering. R. Hisda demurred: Is it then permitted to bake for [use on] the same day, or is it permitted to cook for the same day?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Surely not! And since you say that selecting for use on the next day entails a sin-offering, it is a forbidden labour in the full sense of the term, and hence prohibited even if required for the same day. ');">⁵</span>

אלא אמר רב חסדא בורר ואוכל פחות מכשיעור בורר ומניח פחות מכשיעור וכשיעור לא יברור ואם בירר חייב חטאת מתקיף לה רב יוסף וכי מותר לאפות פחות מכשיעור אלא אמר רב יוסף בורר ואוכל ביד בורר ומניח ביד בקנון ובתמחוי לא יברור ואם בירר פטור אבל אסור ובנפה ובכברה לא יברור ואם בירר חייב חטאת

Rather said R. Hisda: He may select and eat less than the standard quantity, and he may select and put aside less than the standard quantity;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For which a penalty is incurred, viz., as much as a dried fig. ');">⁶</span> but he must not select as much as the standard quantity, and if he does, he incurs a sin-offering. R. Joseph demurred: Is it then permitted to bake less than the standard quantity?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Granted that there is no penalty, it is nevertheless forbidden, and the same applies here. ');">⁷</span> Rather said R. Joseph: He may select by hand and eat, or select by hand and put aside; but he may not select with a reed-basket or a dish; and if he does, he is not culpable, nevertheless it is forbidden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' There is no liability, because this is not the proper mode of selecting; nevertheless it is forbidden, because it is somewhat similar to selecting by means of a sieve. ');">⁸</span>

מתקיף לה רב המנונא מידי קנון ותמחוי קתני אלא אמר רב המנונא בורר ואוכל אוכל מתוך הפסולת בורר ומניח אוכל מתוך הפסולת פסולת מתוך אוכל לא יברור ואם בירר חייב חטאת מתקיף לה אביי מידי אוכל מתוך פסולת קתני אלא אמר אביי בורר ואוכל לאלתר ובורר ומניח לאלתר ולבו ביום לא יברור ואם בירר נעשה כבורר לאוצר וחייב חטאת אמרוה רבנן קמיה דרבא אמר להו שפיר אמר נחמני

He may not select with a sieve or a basket-sieve, and if he does he incurs a sin-offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because this is the usual mode of sifting, and it is therefore a primary labour, as stated in the Mishnah. For a description of the nafah v. Aboth, Sonc. ed., p. 69, n. 10. ');">⁹</span> R. Hamnuna demurred: Are then a reed-basket and a dish mentioned? — Rather said R. Hamnuna: He may select and eat, [taking the] eatable from the non-eatable, and he may select and put aside, [taking] the eatable from the non-eatable. But he must not select the non-eatable out of the eatable, and if he does, he incurs a sin-offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The former is not the ordinary mode of sifting, while the latter is. ');">¹⁰</span> Abaye demurred: Is it then taught, 'the eatable from the non-eatable'? Rather said Abaye: He may select and eat immediately, and he may select and put aside for immediate use;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., immediately he finishes putting aside he will consume what is eatable. ');">¹¹</span>

היו לפניו שני מיני אוכלין ובירר ואכל ובירר והניח רב אשי מתני פטור רבי ירמיה מדיפתי מתני חייב רב אשי מתני פטור והא תני חייב לא קשיא הא בקנון ותמחוי הא בנפה וכברה

but he may not select for [later consumption on] the same day, and if he does, it is regarded as though he were selecting for [making] a store, and he incurs a sin-offering.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But the former does not constitute sifting and is entirely permissible. ');">¹²</span> The Rabbis reported this to Raba. Said he to them, Nahmani<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A familiar name of Abaye, because he was brought up in the house of Rabbah b. Nahmani. V. however, Git., Sonc. ed., p. 140, n. 6. ');">¹³</span> has said well.

כי אתא רב דימי אמר שבתא דרב ביבי הואי ואיקלעו רבי אמי ור' אסי שדא קמייהו כלכלה דפירי ולא ידענא אי משום דסבר אוכל מתוך פסולת אסור אי משום עין יפה הוא דמכוין

If two kinds of food lie before a person, and he selects and eats or selects and puts aside,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For another to eat. The two kinds were mixed up, and he selected the kind he desired. ');">¹⁴</span> — R. Ashi learnt: He is not culpable: R. Jeremiah of Difti<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. p. 35, n. 5. ');">¹⁵</span> learnt: He is culpable, 'R. Ashi learnt: He is not culpable'! but it was taught:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra. ');">¹⁶</span>

חזקיה אמר הבורר תורמוסים מתוך פסולת שלהן חייב לימא קסבר חזקיה אוכל מתוך פסולת אסור שאני תורמוסים

'He is culpable'? — There is no difficulty: the one treats of a reed-basket and a plate;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When the selecting is done by these, he is not culpable. ');">¹⁷</span> the other refers to a sieve and a basket-sieve. When R. Dimi came,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 12, n. 9. ');">¹⁸</span> he related: It was R. Bibi's Sabbath,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It was his turn that Sabbath to wait on the scholars. ');">¹⁹</span> and R. Ammi and R. Assi chanced to be there. He cast a basket of fruit before them,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [H] denotes to put down with some violence. He did this instead of first separating the leaves from the fruit, as they would fall away automatically through the force of his setting it down. ');">²⁰</span> and I do not know whether it was because he held that it is forbidden to pick out the eatable from the noneatable, or whether he wished to be generous.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence placed a large quantity before them. ');">²¹</span> Hezekiah said: One who picks lupines [after boiling] out of their husks<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'refuse'. ');">²²</span> is culpable. Shall we say that Hezekiah holds that it is forbidden to select the eatable from the non-eatable? [No.] Lupines are different,