Shabbat 151

א"ר אלעזר הא דלא כר"ש בן אלעזר דתניא כלל אמר ר' שמעון בן אלעזר כל שאינו כשר להצניע ואין מצניעין כמוהו והוכשר לזה והצניעו ובא אחר והוציאו נתחייב זה במחשבה של זה:

R. Eleazar said: This does not agree with R. Simeon b. Eleazar. For it was taught: R. Simeon b. Eleazar stated a general rule: That which is not fit to put away, and such is not [generally] put away, yet it did become fit to a certain person<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He found a use for it. ');">¹</span> and he did put it away; then another came and carried it out, the latter is rendered liable through the former's intention.

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> המוציא תבן כמלא פי פרה עצה כמלא פי גמל עמיר כמלא פי טלה עשבים כמלא פי גדי עלי שום ועלי בצלים לחים כגרוגרת יבשים כמלא פי גדי ואין מצטרפין זה עם זה מפני שלא שוו בשיעוריהן:

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. HE WHO CARRIES OUT A COW'S MOUTHFUL OF STRAW, A CAMEL'S MOUTHFUL OF PEA-STALKS ['EZAH], A LAMB'S MOUTHFUL OF EARS OF CORN, A GOAT'S MOUTHFUL OF HERBS, MOIST GARLIC OR ONION LEAVES TO THE SIZE OF A DRIED FIG, [OR] A GOAT'S MOUTHFUL OF DRY [LEAVES], [IS CULPABLE].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These are the respective minima to which value is assigned, and for which a penalty is incurred. Each is the minimum which will satisfy the animal whose food it is. Moist garlic or onion leaves are fit for human consumption, hence the standard of a dried fig, which is the minimum for all human food. ');">²</span> AND THEY DO NOT COMBINE WITH EACH OTHER,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To make up the minimum. ');">³</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מאי עצה אמר רב יהודה תבן של מיני קטנית כי אתא רב דימי אמר המוציא תבן כמלא פי פרה לגמל ר' יוחנן אמר חייב ר"ש בן לקיש אמר פטור באורתא א"ר יוחנן הכי לצפרא הדר ביה אמר רב יוסף שפיר עבד דהדר דהא לא חזי לגמל א"ל אביי אדרבה כדמעיקרא מסתברא דהא חזי לפרה

BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT ALIKE IN THEIR STANDARDS. <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. What is 'EZAH? — Said Rab Judah: The stalks of certain kinds of peas.

אלא כי אתא רבין אמר המוציא תבן כמלא פי פרה לגמל דכולי עלמא לא פליגי דחייב כי פליגי במוציא עצה כמלא פי פרה לפרה

When R. Dimi came,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 12, n. 9. ');">⁴</span> he stated: If one carries out a cow's mouthful of straw for a camel, — R. Johanan maintained: He is culpable: R. Simeon b. Lakish said: He is not culpable. In the evening R. Johanan ruled thus, [but] in the morning he retracted. R. Joseph observed: He did well to retract, since it is not sufficient<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'fit'. ');">⁵</span>

ואיפכא איתמר ר' יוחנן אמר פטור ריש לקיש אמר חייב ר' יוחנן אמר פטור אכילה על ידי הדחק לא שמה אכילה ריש לקיש אמר חייב אכילה ע"י הדחק שמה אכילה:

for a camel. Said Abaye to him: On the contrary, logic supports his original view, since it is sufficient for a cow.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And since it is cow's fodder, that is the determining factor, notwithstanding that he carries it out for a camel. ');">⁶</span> But when Rabin came,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 12, n. 9. ');">⁷</span>

עמיר כמלא פי טלה: והתניא כגרוגרת אידי ואידי חד שיעורא הוא:

he said: If one carries out a cow's mouthful of straw for a camel, all agree that he is culpable. Where do they differ: if one carries out a cow's mouthful of pea-stalks for a cow,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is not a cow's usual food, and it eats it only when nothing else is obtainable. ');">⁸</span> and the reverse was stated: R. Johanan maintained: He is not culpable; Resh Lakish maintained: He is culpable. R. Johanan maintained; He is not culpable: eating through pressing need is not designated eating. Resh Lakish maintained, He is culpable: eating through pressing need is designated eating.

עלי שום ועלי בצלים לחים כגרוגרת ויבשים כמלא פי הגדי ואין מצטרפין זה עם זה מפני שלא שוו בשיעוריהן: אמר ר' יוסי בר חנינא אין מצטרפין לחמור שבהן אבל מצטרפין לקל שבהן

A LAMB'S MOUTHFUL OF EARS OF CORN. But it was taught: As much as a dried fig? — Both standards are identical. MOIST GARLIC OR ONION LEAVES TO THE SIZE OF A DRIED FIG, [OR] A GOAT'S MOUTHFUL OF DRY LEAVES. AND THEY DO NOT COMBINE WITH EACH OTHER, BECAUSE THEY ARE NOT ALIKE IN THEIR STANDARDS. R. Jose b. Hanina said: They do not combine for the more stringent, but they do combine for the more lenient [standard].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The commodity whose standard is greater does not combine with that whose standard is lesser to make up that lesser quantity, but the latter does combine with the former to make up the greater quantity. That which requires a lesser quantity is naturally more stringent. ');">⁹</span>

וכל דלא שוו בשיעורייהו מי מצטרפין והתנן הבגד ג' על ג' והשק ד' על ד' והעור ה' על ה' מפץ ו' על ו' ותני עלה הבגד והשק השק והעור העור והמפץ מצטרפין זה עם זה ואמר ר"ש מה טעם מפני שראויין ליטמא מושב טעמא דראויין ליטמא מושב אבל אין ראוי ליטמא מושב לא

Yet can anything combine when their standards are not alike?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even for the more lenient? ');">¹⁰</span> But surely we learnt: A garment<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a piece of cloth. ');">¹¹</span>

אמר רבא

three [handbreadths] square, a sack<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A rough material, as of goats hair. ');">¹²</span> four square, a hide five square, and [reed] matting six square [are susceptible to uncleanness as midras].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' v. p. 312, n. 9. ');">¹³</span> Now it was taught thereon: A garment, sacking, a hide, and matting combine with each other.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When joined to make up the requisite minimum, they are susceptible to midras. ');">¹⁴</span> And R. Simeon observed: What is the reason? Because they are liable to the uncleanness of sitting.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the uncleanness caused by a zab's (q.v. Glos.) sitting upon them when pieced together. That is because one may employ them thus for patching up a saddle. ');">¹⁵</span> Thus the reason is that they are liable to the uncleanness of sitting;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And having that in common, they can naturally combine. ');">¹⁶</span> but whatever is not liable to the uncleanness of sitting is not so? — Said Raba: