Shabbat 159

תנא שתי אותיות בדיו (ושתי) אותיות בקולמוס שתי אותיות בקלמרין בעי רבא אות אחת בדיו אות אחת בקולמוס אות אחת בקלמרין מהו תיקו

It was taught: Two letters in ink, two letters on a pen, or two letters in an inkstand [involve culpability].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ink, Heb. dyo, is the solid pigment which was dissolved before use (cf. supra 17b and note a.l.). The Baraitha teaches that whether one carries out dry pigment in his hand or the liquid on a pen or in an inkstand, in each case sufficient for writing two letters, he is culpable. ');">¹</span> Raba asked: What [if one carries out sufficient for] one letter [in the form of] dry ink, one letter on the pen, and one letter in an inkstand?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Do they combine to involve liability or not? The pen and inkstand do not cause culpability, since they are subsidiary to their contents, which in themselves do not separately cause liability; v. infra 93b. ');">²</span>

אמר רבא הוציא שתי אותיות וכתבן כשהוא מהלך חייב כתיבתן זו היא הנחתן ואמר רבא הוציא אות אחת וכתבה וחזר והוציא אות אחת וכתבה פטור מאי טעמא בעידנא דאפקא לבתרייתא חסר ליה לשיעורא דקמייתא

The question stands over. Raba said: If one carries out [ink sufficient for writing] two letters, and writes them whilst walking, he is culpable: the writing is tantamount to depositing.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Culpability for carrying from one domain to another is incurred only when the article transported is actually deposited in the second domain; v. supra 2a. ');">³</span>

ואמר רבא הוציא חצי גרוגרת אחת והניחה וחזר והוציא חצי גרוגרת אחת והניחה ראשונה נעשה כמי שקלטה [כלב] או שנשרפה ופטור ואמאי הא מנחה הכי קאמר ואם קדם והגביה ראשונה קודם הנחת שנייה נעשית ראשונה כמי שנקלטה או שנשרפה ופטור ואמר רבא הוציא חצי גרוגרת והניחה וחזר והוציא חצי גרוגרת והעבירה דרך עליה חייב ואמאי הא לא נח כגון שהעבירה תוך שלשה

Raba also said: If one carries out [ink sufficient for writing] one letter [only] and writes it down. and then again carries out [sufficient for] one letter, and writes it down,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Both in the same state of unawareness, so that normally they should rank as one act. ');">⁴</span> he is not culpable. What is the reason? By the time he carries out the second, the standard of the first is defective.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The first ink has dried and is now insufficient for the writing of one letter. ');">⁵</span>

והאמר רבא תוך שלשה לרבנן צריך הנחה על גבי משהו לא קשיא כאן בזורק כאן במעביר

Raba also said: If one carries out half a dried fig and deposits it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One fig is the minimum involving liability. ');">⁶</span> and then carries out another half of a dried fig and deposits it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. n. 6. ');">⁷</span>

תנו רבנן הוציא חצי גרוגרת וחזר והוציא חצי גרוגרת בהעלם אחד חייב בשתי העלמות פטור רבי יוסי אומר בהעלם אחד לרשות אחד חייב לשתי רשויות פטור אמר רבה והוא שיש חיוב חטאת ביניהם אבל כרמלית לא

the first is regarded as though caught by a dog or burnt, and he is not culpable. But why so: surely it is lying there! — He means this: But if one anticipates and takes up the first before the depositing of the second, the first is regarded as though caught up by a dog or burnt,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the whole fig does not lie in the street. ');">⁸</span> and he is not culpable. Raba also said: If one carries out half of a dried fig and deposits it and then carries out another half of a dried fig over the same route as the first,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The second actually passing above the first. ');">⁹</span>

אביי אמר אפילו כרמלית אבל פיסלא לא ורבא אמר אפילו פיסלא ואזדא רבא לטעמיה דאמר רבא רשות שבת כרשות גיטין דמיא:

he is liable. But why: surely it does not rest [in the street]? E.g., if he carries it within three [handbreadths].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the ground. It is then regarded as actually lying thereon; cf. supra 5a. ');">¹⁰</span> But Raba said: [An article brought] within three [handbreadths] must, according to the Rabbis, be deposited upon something of small size [at least]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though not necessarily upon a place four handbreadths square; v. infra 100a for the general explanation of the passage. ');">¹¹</span>

כחול כדי לכחול עין אחת: עין אחת הא לא כחלי אמר רב הונא שכן צנועות כוחלות עין אחת מיתיבי רבי שמעון בן אלעזר אומר כחול אם לרפואה כדי לכחול עין אחת אם לקשט בב' עינים תרגמא הילל בריה דר' שמואל בר נחמני כי תניא ההוא בעירניות:

— There is no difficulty. The latter reference is to throwing;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Then it must actually come to rest. ');">¹²</span> the former is to carrying.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the hand. The article itself is then at rest, and if the hand moreover comes within three handbreadths of the ground, it is as though deposited thereon. ');">¹³</span>

(שעוה כדי ליתן ע"פ נקב קטן: תנא כדי ליתן ע"פ נקב קטן של יין):

Our Rabbis taught: If one carries out half a dried fig, and then carries out another half of a dried fig in one state of unawareness, he is culpable; in two states of unawareness, he is not culpable. R. Jose said: In one state of unawareness [and] into the same ground he is culpable; into two [different] grounds,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Both public, but separated from each other. ');">¹⁴</span> he is not culpable. Rabbah said: Providing that there lies between them a domain involving liability to a sin-offering;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., private ground. Transport between private and public ground imposes liability; hence the private ground here completely separates the two public grounds. and they do not rank as one. ');">¹⁵</span>

דבק כדי ליתן בראש השפשף: תנא כדי ליתן בראש שפשף שבראש קנה של ציידין:

but a <i>karmelith</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Glos. and supra 6a. ');">¹⁶</span> does not [effect a separation].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since by Biblical law one may carry between a karmelith and public (or private) ground, it is insufficient to separate the two. ');">¹⁷</span>

זפת וגפרית כדי לעשות כו': תנא כדי לעשות נקב קטן:

Abaye said: Even a <i>karmelith</i> [separates them], but not a board.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Placed right across the street and thus dividing it. ');">¹⁸</span> But Raba maintained: Even a board [separates them]. Now Raba is consistent with his ruling [elsewhere]; for Raba said: [The law of] domains in respect to the Sabbath is the same as domains in respect to divorces.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And there a board is sufficient to create separate domains; v. Git. 77b. ');">¹⁹</span>

חרסית כדי לעשות פי כור כו': למימרא דשיעורא דרבי יהודה נפיש הא קיי"ל דשיעורא דרבנן נפיש דתנן רבי יהודה אומר כדי ליטול הימנו מדת מנעל לקטן אימא כדי לסוד פיטפוט כירה קטנה:

STIBIUM, FOR PAINTING ONE EYE: But one eye [alone] is not painted? — Said R. Huna: Because modest women paint [only] one eye.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' They go veiled, leaving only one eye visible. ');">²⁰</span> An objection is raised: As for stibium, if [carried out] for medicinal use, [the standard is] as much as is required for painting one eye;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since only one eye may need it. ');">²¹</span>

(סובין כדי ליתן על פי כור של צורפי זהב):

if for adornment, [the standard is] two eyes? — Hillel son of R. Samuel b. Nahmani explained it: That was taught in reference to small-towners.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or, villagers. Temptation not being so great there, it is safe even for modest women to paint both eyes. ');">²²</span> PASTE, FOR PUTTING ON THE TOP OF A LIME BOARD. A Tanna taught: As much as is required for putting on the top of a lime board of a hunter's rod.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The paste being to entrap the birds that alight thereon. ');">²³</span> WAX, FOR PUTTING OVER A SMALL HOLE. It was taught: As much as is required for putting over a small wine hole.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a hole through which wine is poured; this is smaller than one made for oil or honey. ');">²⁴</span> CLAY, FOR MAKING A HOLE IN A GOLD-REFINER'S POT, etc.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The translation of these three passages, from PASTE, etc., follows the text as emended by BaH. ');">²⁵</span> Shall we say that R. Judah's standard is larger? But we know the Rabbis' standard to be larger, for we learnt: R. JUDAH SAID: AS MUCH AS IS REQUIRED FOR TAKING THE MEASURE OF A CHILD'S SHOE?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is less than the standard of the Rabbis which precedes it; v. Mishnah supra 75a. ');">²⁶</span> — Say, as much as is required for plastering [the splits in] the tripod leg of a small stove.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is a smaller standard. ');">²⁷</span>