Shabbat 278

ולא ידענא אי מלפניה אי מלאחריה ואתו לקמיה דרבי יוחנן ואמר להו יתעסקו ביה עממין

though I do not know whether it preceded or followed it,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., whether the Festival fell on Friday on which day the death occurred, so that it had to be buried on the same day, or whether it fell on Sunday and the death occurred on the Sabbath, so that the burial could not be delayed any longer. ');">¹</span>

ואמר רבא מת בי"ט ראשון יתעסקו בו עממין ביום טוב שני יתעסקו בו ישראל ואפילו ביו"ט שני של ראש השנה מה שאין כן בביצה לפי שאינן בני תורה:

and when they went before R. Johanan, he said to them: Let Gentiles occupy themselves with him [the dead]. Raba too said: As for a corpse,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of a person who died on a Sabbath which was followed by a Festival. ');">²</span>

א"ר אבין בר רב הונא אמר רב חמא בר גוריא מתעטף אדם בכילה ובכסכסיה ויוצא לרה"ר בשבת ואינו חושש

on the first day of Festivals Gentiles should occupy themselves with him; on the second day of Festivals Israelites may occupy themselves with him, and even on the second day of New Year, which is not so in the case of an egg?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' An egg laid on the first day of any Festival except New Year may be eaten on the second day too. But in respect to a corpse New Year is the same as other Festivals. ');">³</span>

מ"ש מדרב הונא דאמר רב הונא אמר רב היוצא בטלית שאינה מצוייצת כהילכתה בשבת חייב חטאת ציצית לגבי טלית חשיבי ולא בטלי הני לא חשיבי ובטלי

[Here too] because they were not learned in the law.

אמר רבה בר רב הונא מערים אדם על המשמרת ביו"ט לתלות בה רמונים ותולה בה שמרים אמר רב אשי והוא דתלה בה רמונים

R. Abin b. R. Huna said in R. Hama b. Guria's name: A man may wrap himself in a canopy sheet and [tie it] with its cords to go out into the street on the Sabbath without fear.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of transgression. ');">⁴</span>

מאי שנא מהא דתניא מטילין שכר במועד לצורך המועד שלא לצורך המועד אסור אחד שכר תמרים ואחד שכר שעורים אע"פ שיש להן ישן מערים ושותה מן החדש

How does this differ from R. Huna's [dictum]. for R. Huna said in Rab's name: If one goes out on the Sabbath wearing a garment not provided with [proper] fringes as required by law, he is liable to a sin-offering?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The garment has fringes. but since they are not in accordance with the law they are regarded not as part thereof but as a burden which entails a sin offering. Thus here too, since the normal function of the cords is to spread the sheet, not to tie it round a person, they constitute a burden. ');">⁵</span>

התם לא מוכחא מילתא הכא מוכחא מילתא

— Fringes are important in relation to the cloak, hence they are not merged [therein]; these are not of [separate] importance, and [so] are accounted as nought.

אמרו ליה רבנן לרב אשי חזי מר האי צורבא מרבנן ורב הונא ב"ר חיון שמיה ואמרי לה רב הונא בר' חלוון שמיה דשקל ברא דתומא ומנח בברזא דדנא ואמר לאצנועיה קמיכוינא ואזיל ונאים במברא ועבר להך גיסא וסייר פירי ואמר אנא למינם קמיכוינא

Rabbah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec.: R. Abin. ');">⁶</span>

אמר להו הערמה קאמרת הערמה בדרבנן היא וצורבא מרבנן לא אתי למיעבד לכתחילה:

son of R. Huna said: A man may employ an artifice in connection with a strainer on a festival, suspending it for pomegranates yet straining lees therein.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., to suspend pomegranates therein, but he suspends lees therein. ');">⁷</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> נותנין מים ע"ג השמרים בשביל שיצולו ומסננין את היין בסודרין ובכפיפה מצרית

Said R. Ashi: Provided he does place pomegranates in it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For some time. ');">⁸</span>

ונותנין ביצה במסננת של חרדל ועושין אנומלין בשבת ר' יהודה אומר בשבת בכוס ביו"ט בלגין ובמועד בחבית רבי צדוק אומר הכל לפי האורחין:

How does it differ from what was taught: One may brew beer on the [intermediate days of a] Festival<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the intermediate days of Passover and Tabernacles, which enjoy semi-sanctity, being treated as profane in some respects and as holy in others. ');">⁹</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אמר זעירי נותן אדם יין צלול ומים צלולין לתוך המשמרת בשבת ואינו חושש אבל עכורין לא

when it is required for the Festival, but if not required for the Festival it is forbidden: [this applies to] both barley beer and date beer. Though one has old [beer]. he may practise an evasion<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the law. ');">¹⁰</span>

מיתיבי רבן שמעון בן גמליאל אומר טורד אדם חבית של יין יינה ושמריה ונותן לתוך המשמרת בשבת ואינו חושש תרגמה זעירי בין הגיתות שנו:

and drink of the new? — There the matter is not evident;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The evasion is not obvious, for a person who sees him brew beer does not know that he has sufficient already for the festival. ');">¹¹</span>

מסננין את היין בסודרין: אמר רב שימי בר חייא ובלבד שלא יעשה גומא:

here the matter is evident.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That he is evading the law, unless he actually puts pomegranates in it, since its usual function is to strain them. ');">¹²</span>

ובכפיפה מצרית: אמר רב חייא בר אשי אמר רב ובלבד שלא יגביה מקרקעיתו של כלי טפח

The scholars said to R. Ashi: See, sir, a Rabbinical disciple. whose name is R. Huna b. Hiwan — others State, R. Huna b. Hilwon — who took peel of garlic,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jast. R. Han.: a head of garlic. ');">¹³</span>

אמר רב האי פרונקא אפלגיה דכובא שרי אכוליה כובא אסור

placed it in the bung hole of a barrel, and asserted, 'My intention is to put it away [here].'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But actually it was to prevent the wine from running out, and thus he repaired the barrel, as it were. ');">¹⁴</span>

אמר רב פפא לא ניהדק איניש צינייתא בפומיה דכוזני דחביתא משום דמיחזי כמשמרת

He also went and dozed in a ferry and thus crossed to the other side and looked after his fruit, asserting, 'My intention was to sleep.' Said he to them, You speak of an artifice: it is an artifice [in connection with] a Rabbinical [interdict].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For even if he did these without an artifice he would only violate a Rabbinical, not a Scriptural interdict. ');">¹⁵</span>

דבי רב פפא שאפו שיכרא ממנא למנא אמר ליה רב אחא מדיפתי לרבינא האיכא ניצוצות ניצוצות לבי רב פפא לא חשיבי:

and a disciple of the Rabbis will not come to do this at the very outset.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Without an artifice — hence he does nothing wrong. ');">¹⁶</span>

ונותנין ביצה במסננת: תני יעקב קרחה

<b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. WATER MAY BE POURED OVER LEES IN ORDER TO CLARIFY THEM, AND WINE MAY BE STRAINED THROUGH CLOTHS AND THROUGH A BASKET MADE OF PALM TWIGS; AND AN EGG MAY BE PASSED THROUGH A MUSTARD STRAINER;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: the strainer contains mustard, and when the egg is poured upon it the yolk passes through and the white remains on top. R. Halevi (quoted by Rash): the egg is strained into a dish, not into mustard, but a mustard strainer is specified in order that the action on the Sabbath, though permitted, shall be done differently from what it is on weekdays. ');">¹⁷</span> AND ENOMLIN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Gemara infra. ');">¹⁸</span> MAY BE PREPARED ON THE SABBATH. R. JUDAH SAID: ON THE SABBATH [IT MAY ONLY BE MADE] IN A GOBLET; ON FESTIVALS, IN A LAGIN;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Larger than a goblet ([H]) but smaller than a barrel ([H]). ');">¹⁹</span> AND ON THE INTERMEDIATE DAYS OF FESTIVALS IN A BARREL. R. ZADOK SAID: IT ALL DEPENDS ON THE [NUMBER OF] GUESTS. <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Ze'iri said: One may pour clear wine and clear water into a strainer on the Sabbath without fear,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of transgression. ');">²⁰</span> but not turbid [liquids]. An objection is raised: R. Simeon b. Gamaliel said: One may stir up a barrel of wine, [i.e..] the wine and the lees, and pour it into a strainer on the Sabbath without fear!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though the liquid is turbid through the stirring. ');">²¹</span> — Ze'iri explained it: They learnt this of the season of the wine pressing.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All wine is turbid then and drunk thus; hence it is not made fit for drinking (which would be forbidden on the Sabbath) by being put through the strainer. ');">²²</span> WINE MAY BE STRAINED THROUGH CLOTHS. R. Shimi b. Hiyya said: Provided that one does not make a hollow.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The cloth must be taut and not form a hollow ');">²³</span> AND THROUGH A BASKET MADE OF PALM TWIGS. R. Hiyya b. Ashi said in Rab's name: Provided he does not lift it [the basket] a handbreadth from the bottom of the vessel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which receives the wine. Otherwise it forms a 'tent', v. p. 694, n. 1. ');">²⁴</span> Rab said: [Spreading] a rag over half a cask [to cover it] is permitted; over the whole cask, is forbidden.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the latter case a 'tent' is made. ');">²⁵</span> R. Papa said: A man must not stuff chips into the mouth of a cask jug.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a jug used for taking wine out of a cask; the chips act as a strainer. ');">²⁶</span> because it looks like a strainer. R. Papa's household poured wine slowly from one vessel to another.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So as to leave the sediment behind. ');">²⁷</span> R. Aha of Difti<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 35, n. 5. ');">²⁸</span> objected: But there is the residue?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The last drops percolating through the dregs left behind in the first vessel, which shows that their purpose was to strain the wine. ');">²⁹</span> — The residue had no value in R. Papa's household.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He was a beer brewer (B.M. 65b) and could afford to throw away the little wine left at the bottom together with the chips, thus leaving nothing at all there to show their real motive. ');">³⁰</span> AN EGG MAY BE PASSED THROUGH A MUSTARD STRAINER. R. Jacob Karhah recited: