Shabbat 34

טבי רישבא אמר שמואל אף גידולי תרומה תרומה בו ביום גזרו מ"ט א"ר חנינא גזירה משום תרומה טהורה ביד ישראל

Tabi the hunter in Samuel's name: That the produce of <i>terumah</i> is <i>terumah</i> was also enacted on that day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By Biblical law, if terumah is resown its produce is hullin (q.v. Glos.), but the Rabbis decreed that it is terumah and belongs to the priest. ');">¹</span> What is the reason? — R. Hanina said: It was a preventive measure, on account of undefiled <i>terumah</i> [being retained] in the hand of an Israelite.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who may resow and keep it for himself, thus depriving the priest of his dues. ');">²</span> Raba observed: If they are suspected of this, they would not separate [<i>terumah</i>] at all: [and furthermore]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The text is in slight disorder. ');">³</span>

אמר רבא אי דחשידי להכי אפרושי נמי לא ליפרשו (אלא אמר רבא ישראל) כיון דאפשר למעבד חטה אחת כדשמואל ולא קעביד הימוני מהימני אלא גזירה משום תרומה טמאה ביד כהן דילמא משהי לה גביה ואתי לידי תקלה:

since he can render one grain of wheat [as <i>terumah</i> for the whole], in accordance with Samuel,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Kid. 58b. ');">⁴</span> and does not, he is indeed trusted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not to retain the terumah, by resowing it. ');">⁵</span> Rather, said Raba, it is a preventive measure on account of unclean <i>terumah</i> in the priest's hands, lest he keep it with him and be led to sin.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whilst keeping it for resowing, he may forget that it is unclean, and eat it. Therefore it was enacted that even if resown its produce may not be eaten, though it will not be regarded as unclean (Tosaf. as explained by Maharsha). ');">⁶</span>

ואידך אמר ר' חייא בר אמי משמיה דעולא אף מי שהחשיך לו בדרך נותן כיסו לנכרי בו ביום גזרו:

And another? — R. Hiyya b. Ammi said in 'Ulla's name: That one must give his purse to a Gentile if [the Sabbath] evening falls upon him on the road was also enacted on that day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 153a; and not carry it along short distances of less than four cubits each. ');">⁷</span> And another? — Bali said in the name of Abimi of Senawta:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In A.Z. 36a the reading is Niwte, i.e., the Nabatean. Senawta is probably a dialect form of the same. ');">⁸</span> [The interdict against] their bread, oil, wine and daughters<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. of Gentiles. ');">⁹</span>

ואידך אמר באלי אמר אבימי סנוותאה פתן ושמנן ויינן ובנותיהן כולן מי"ח דבר הן הניחא לרבי מאיר אלא לר' יוסי שבסרי הויין איכא הא דרב אחא בר אדא דאמר רב אחא בר אדא אמר ר' יצחק גזרו על פתן משום שמנן ועל שמנן משום יינן

all these are of the eighteen measures.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' They are counted as one. ');">¹⁰</span> Now, this is well according to R. Meir; but according to R. Jose, there are only seventeen?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 16b. This seems a repetition of the question there. ');">¹¹</span> — There is also that of R. Aha b. Adda. For R. Aha b. Adda said in R. Isaac's name: Their bread was forbidden on account of their oil, and their oil on account of their wine.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Actually these were ancient prohibitions, going back to the days of Daniel (cf. Dan. I, 8; Josephus, Ant. I. 3, 12.). But in the course of time their observance grew weak, and the disciples of Shammai and Hillel renewed and strengthened the prohibition as one of their eighteen enactments. V. Halevi, Doroth, I, 3, pp. 591ff, seq., v. also Weiss, Dor, I, 129. ');">¹²</span>

על פתן משום שמנן מאי אולמיה דשמן מפת אלא גזרו על פתן ושמנן משום יינן ועל יינן משום בנותיהן ועל בנותיהן משום דבר אחר ועל דבר אחר משום דבר אחר מאי דבר אחר אמר רב נחמן בר יצחק גזרו על תינוק נכרי שמטמא בזיבה שלא יהא תינוק ישראל רגיל אצלו במשכב זכור אי הכי לר"מ נמי תשסרי הויין אוכלין וכלים שנטמאו במשקין בחדא חשיב להו:

'Their bread on account of their oil'!-wherein is [the interdict of] oil stronger than that of bread?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For this implies that there was greater reason for prohibiting their oil than their bread. ');">¹³</span> Rather [say] they decreed against their bread and oil on account of their wine, and against their wine on account of their daughters, and against their daughters on account of 'the unmentionable,'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'something else', viz., idolatry. ');">¹⁴</span> and [they decreed] something else on account of some other thing. What is this 'something else?'- Said R. Nahman b. Isaac: They decreed that a heathen child shall defile by gonorrhoea,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even if he is not suffering therewith. ');">¹⁵</span>

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> ב"ש אומרים אין שורין דיו וסמנים וכרשינין אלא כדי שישורו מבעוד יום וב"ה מתירין ב"ש אומרים אין נותנין אונין של פשתן לתוך התנור אלא כדי שיהבילו מבעוד יום ולא את הצמר ליורה אלא כדי שיקלוט העין וב"ה מתירין

so that an Israelite child should not associate with him for sodomy.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus this is the eighteenth. ');">¹⁶</span> But if so, according to R. Meir too [it is difficult, for] there are nineteen!-Food and drink which were defiled through liquid he accounts as one. <b><i>MISHNAH</i></b>. BETH SHAMMAI RULE: INK, DYES AND ALKALINE PLANTS<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Jast. Rashi: horse beans, used for cattle. ');">¹⁷</span>

ב"ש אומרים אין פורסין מצודות חיה ועופות ודגים אלא כדי שיצודו מבעוד יום וב"ה מתירין ב"ש אומרים אין מוכרין לנכרי ואין טוענין עמו ואין מגביהין עליו אלא כדי שיגיע למקום קרוב ובית הלל מתירין ב"ש אומרים אין נותנין עורות לעבדן ולא כלים לכובס נכרי אלא כדי שיעשו מבעוד יום ובכולן בית הלל מתירין עם

MAY NOT BE STEEPED UNLESS THEY CAN BE DISSOLVED WHILE IT IS YET DAY;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These materials had to be steeped in water before they were fit for their purpose, and Beth Shammai rule that this may not be done on Friday unless there is time for the process to be completed before the Sabbath. Yashuru means dissolved and soaked through, and will bear the latter meaning in respect of beans, according to Rashi's translation. ');">¹⁸</span> BUT BETH HILLEL, PERMIT IT. BETH SHAMMAI RULE: BUNDLES OF WET FLAX MAY NOT BE PLACED IN AN OVEN UNLESS THEY CAN BEGIN TO STEAM WHILE IT IS YET DAY, NOR WOOL. IN THE DYER'S KETTLE UNLESS IT CAN ASSUME THE COLOUR [OF THE DYE]; BUT BETH HILLEL PERMIT IT. BETH SHAMMAI MAINTAIN: SNARES FOR WILD BEASTS, FOWLS, AND FISH, MAY NOT BE SPREAD UNLESS THEY CAN BE CAUGHT WHILE IT IS YET DAY; BUT BETH HILLEL PERMIT IT. BETH SHAMMAI RULE: ONE MUST NOT SELL, TO A GENTILE, OR HELP HIM TO LOAD [AN ASS], OR LIFT UP [AN ARTICLE] UPON HIM UNLESS HE CAN REACH A NEAR PLACE;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' i.e., his destination must be near enough to be reached before the Sabbath. ');">¹⁹</span> BUT BETH HILLEL PERMIT IT. BETH SHAMMAI MAINTAIN: HIDES MUST NOT BE GIVEN TO A TANNER, NOR GARMENTS TO A GENTILE FULLER, UNLESS THEY CAN BE DONE WHILE IT IS YET DAY; BUT IN ALL THESE [CASES] BETH HILLEL, PERMIT [THEM]