Shabbat 35

השמש אמר רשב"ג נוהגין היו בית אבא שהיו נותנין כלי לבן לכובס נכרי שלשה ימים קודם לשבת ושוין אלו ואלו שטוענין קורת בית הבד ועגולי הגת:

BEFORE SUNSET.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'with the sun', i.e., while the sun is shining. ');">¹</span> R. SIMEON B. GAMALIEL, SAID: IT WAS THE PRACTICE IN MY FATHER'S HOUSE TO GIVE WHITE GARMENTS TO A GENTILE FULLER THREE DAYS BEFORE THE SABBATH.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because these require more time. ');">²</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> מאן תנא נתינת מים לדיו זו היא שרייתן אמר רב יוסף רבי היא דתניא אחד נותן את הקמח וא' נותן את המים האחרון חייב דברי רבי רבי יוסי אומר אינו חייב עד שיגבל

AND BOTH [SCHOOLS] AGREE THAT THE BEAM OF THE [OIL] PRESS AND THE CIRCULAR WINE PRESS MAY BE LADEN.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By day, though the fluid goes on oozing during the Sabbath. ');">³</span> <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. Which Tanna [holds that] pouring water into ink constitutes its steeping?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Mishnah merely discusses this, and does not speak about kneading the ingredients too. Hence the mere pouring must be regarded as a labour forbidden on the Sabbath, for otherwise there would be no controversy in respect to Friday. ');">⁴</span>

א"ל אביי ודילמא עד כאן לא קאמר ר' יוסי אלא בקמח דבר גיבול הוא אבל דיו דלאו בר גיבול הוא אימא ליחייב לא סלקא דעתך דתניא אחד נותן את האפר ואחד נותן את המים האחרון חייב דברי רבי ר' יוסי ברבי יהודה אומר עד שיגבל

— Said R. Joseph, It is Rabbi. For it was taught: If one pours in flour and another water, the second s liable:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For desecrating the Sabbath. ');">⁵</span> this is Rabbi's view.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Thus he holds that the mere pouring in of water constitutes kneading, which is forbidden on the Sabbath. The making of ink is prohibited as a derivative (v. p. 3, n. 2.) of kneading. ');">⁶</span>

ודילמא מאי אפר עפר דבר גיבול הוא והתניא אפר והתניא עפר מידי גבי הדדי תניא:

R. Jose son of R. Judah said: He is not liable unless he kneads [them]. Abaye said to him, Yet perhaps R. Jose [son of R. Judah] ruled thus only in respect to flour, which is subject to kneading: but as for ink, which is not subject to kneading, I may say that he is liable?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For mere pouring, even on R. Jose son of Judah's view. ');">⁷</span> — You cannot think so, for it was taught: if one pours in the ashes and another the water, the second is liable: this is Rabbi's view. R. Jose son of R. Judah said: [He is not liable] unless he kneads them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though ashes do not require kneading. ');">⁸</span>

ת"ר פותקין מים לגינה ע"ש עם חשיכה ומתמלאת והולכת כל היום כולו ומניחין מוגמר תחת הכלים (ע"ש) ומתגמרין והולכין כל היום כולו ומניחין גפרית תחת הכלים (ע"ש עם חשיכה) ומתגפרין והולכין כל השבת כולה ומניחין קילור ע"ג העין ואיספלנית על גבי מכה (ע"ש עם חשיכה) ומתרפאת והולכת כל היום כולו אבל אין נותנין חטין לתוך הריחים של מים אלא בכדי שיטחנו מבעוד יום

Yet perhaps what is [meant by] ashes? Earth [dust],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In Heb. these words are very similar and sometimes interchanged. ');">⁹</span> which does require kneading.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For making clay. ');">¹⁰</span>

מאי טעמא אמר רבה מפני שמשמעת קול א"ל רב יוסף ולימא מר משום שביתת כלים דתניא (שמות כג, יג) ובכל אשר אמרתי אליכם תשמרו לרבות שביתת כלים אלא אמר רב יוסף משום שביתת כלים

But both ashes and earth [dust] were taught? — Were they then taught together?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the same Baraitha? They were stated in separate Baraithas, not necessarily by the same teacher, and both may mean the same thing. ');">¹¹</span> Our Rabbis taught: Water may be conducted into a garden on the eve of the Sabbath just before dark, and it may go on being filled the whole day; and a perfume brazier may be placed under garments which continue to absorb the perfume the whole day; and sulphur may be placed under [silver) vessels and they undergo the process of sulphuring the whole day; and an eye salve<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Heb. kilur, [G] collyrium. ');">¹²</span>

והשתא דאמרת לב"ה אית להו שביתת כלים דאורייתא גפרית ומוגמר מאי טעמא שרו משום דלא קעביד מעשה אונין של פשתן מאי טעמא שרו משום דלא עביד מעשה ומינח נייחא מצודת חיה ועוף ודגים דקא עביד מעשה מאי טעמא שרו התם נמי בלחי וקוקרי דלא קעביד מעשה

may be placed on the eye and a plaster on a wound and the process of healing continues all day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Healing on the Sabbath itself is forbidden, unless there is danger to life. ');">¹³</span> But wheat may not be placed in a water-mill unless it can be ground when it is still day. What is the reason? Rabbah answered, Because it makes a noise.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which detracts from the sanctity of the Sabbath. ');">¹⁴</span>

והשתא דאמר רב אושעיא אמר רב אסי מאן תנא שביתת כלים דאורייתא ב"ש היא ולא בית הלל לב"ש בין קעביד מעשה בין דלא קעביד מעשה אסור לבית הלל אע"ג דקעביד מעשה שרי והשתא דאמרת דלב"ש אע"ג דלא עביד מעשה אסור אי הכי

Said R. Joseph to him, Let the Master say it is on account of the resting of utensils? For it was taught: And in all things that I have said unto you take ye heed:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXIII, 13. The preceding verse deals with the Sabbath. ');">¹⁵</span> this includes the resting of utensils!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A man is commanded to let the vessels rest as well as he himself. ');">¹⁶</span> Rather, said R. Joseph, it is on account of the resting of utensils. Now that you say that according to Beth Hillel the resting of utensils is a Biblical precept,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For this Baraitha must reflect Beth Hillel's ruling, since its other clauses oppose the views of Beth Shammai as expressed in our Mishnah. ');">¹⁷</span> why are sulphur and a perfume brazier permitted? — Because it [the vessel in which they lie] performs no action. Why are wet bundles of flax permitted? — Because it [the oven in which they lie] performs no action and is motionless. But what of the trap for wild beasts, fowl and fish, which performs an action,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The spring of the trap closes and the mesh of the nets tightens as they catch their prey, ');">¹⁸</span> Why are they permitted? — There too [it means] with a fish hook and a trap made with little joists,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So arranged as to permit the animal to get in but not out. Thus they are passive instruments. ');">¹⁹</span> so that no action is performed. Now, however, that R. Oshaia said in R. Assi's name, Which Tanna [maintains that] the resting of utensils is a Biblical precept? It is Beth Shammai: then according to Beth Shammai, whether it [the utensil] performs an action or not, it is forbidden, while in the opinion of Beth Hillel even if it performs an action it is permitted. And now that you say that according to Beth Shammai it is forbidden even if it performs no action, if so,