Shabbat 36

מוגמר וגפרית מ"ט שרו ב"ש התם מנח אארעא גיגית ונר וקדרה ושפוד מ"ט שרו ב"ש דמפקר להו אפקורי

why are a perfume brazier and sulphur permitted?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For on this hypothesis the Baraitha must agree with Beth Shammai, since the placing of wheat in a mill is forbidden. ');">¹</span> — There it lies upon the earth.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not in a vessel. ');">²</span> What of a tank [for brewing beer], a lamp, a pot and a spit-why do Beth Shammai permit [them]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Beer brews in its tank more than eight days, thus including the Sabbath. Similarly, the lamp burns during the Sabbath, the pot stands on the heated range, causing some shrinkage of its contents, and the spit was allowed to lie in the oven with the Passover sacrifice roasting on Friday night. Thus all these utensils are employed on the Sabbath. ');">³</span>

מאן תנא להא דת"ר לא תמלא אשה קדרה עססיות ותורמסין ותניח לתוך התנור ע"ש עם חשכה ואם נתנן למוצאי שבת אסורין בכדי שיעשו כיוצא בו לא ימלא נחתום חבית של מים ויניח לתוך התנור ע"ש עם חשכה ואם עשה כן למוצאי שבת אסורין בכדי שיעשו לימא ב"ש היא ולא ב"ה אפילו תימא ב"ה גזירה שמא יחתה בגחלים

— Because their ownership is renounced.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is a legal fiction. Their owner formally renounces his ownership, and then he is under no obligation to ensure that they rest. ');">⁴</span> Who is the author of the following, which our Rabbis taught: A woman must not fill a pot with pounded wheat<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Or, peas. ');">⁵</span> and lupines and place it in the oven on the eve of the Sabbath shortly before nightfall; and if she does put them [there], they are forbidden at the conclusion of the Sabbath for as long as they take to prepare.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that she should not profit by having virtually prepared it on the Sabbath. ');">⁶</span>

א"ה מוגמר וגפרית נמי לגזור התם לא מחתי להו דאי מחתי סליק בהו קוטרא וקשי להו אונין של פשתן נמי ליגזור התם כיון דקשי להו זיקא לא מגלו ליה צמר ליורה ליגזור אמר שמואל ביורה עקורה וניחוש שמא מגיס בה בעקורה וטוחה

Similarly, a baker must not fill a barrel of water and place it in the oven on the eve of the Sabbath shortly before nightfall; and if he does, it [the water] is forbidden at the conclusion of the Sabbath for as long as it takes to prepare [boil]. Shall we say that this agrees with Beth Shammai, not Beth Hillel?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since Beth Hillel do not require utensils to rest. ');">⁷</span> — You may even say that it is Beth Hillel: it is a preventive measure, lest he stir the coals. If so, let us decree [likewise] in respect of a perfume brazier and sulphur? — There he will not stir them] for if he does, the smoke will enter and harm them.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The garments or vessels. ');">⁸</span> Let us decree in respect of wet bundles of flax too? — There, since a draught is injurious to them, he will not uncover it.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The oven, to rake up the coals.-The coals burnt inside the ancient ovens. ');">⁹</span>

והשתא דאמר מר גזירה שמא יחתה בגחלים האי קדרה חייתא שרי לאנוחה ע"ש עם חשיכה בתנורא מ"ט כיון דלא חזי לאורתא אסוחי מסח דעתיה מיניה ולא אתי לחתויי גחלים ובשיל שפיר דמי בשיל ולא בשיל אסיר ואי שדא ביה גרמא חייא שפיר דמי

Let us decree also in respect of wool in the dye kettle? — Samuel answered: This refers to a kettle removed [from the fire]. But let us fear that he may stir within it?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the wool within the kettle, to make it absorb the dye more thoroughly. This too is forbidden. ');">¹⁰</span> — This refers to [a kettle] removed from [the fire] and sealed down.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence he is not likely to forget.-In this and the following cases the fear is not that he may do these things intentionally but unintentionally in a moment of forgetfulness. ');">¹¹</span> And now that the Master said: 'It is a preventive measure, lest one rake the coals', a raw dish<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., a pot containing a raw dish. ');">¹²</span>

והשתא דאמר מר כל מידי דקשי ליה זיקא לא מגלו ליה האי בשרא דגדיא ושריק שפיר דמי דברחא ולא שריק אסור דגדיא ולא שריק דברחא ושריק רב אשי שרי ורב ירמיה מדיפתי אסיר ולרב אשי דשרי (והתניא) אין צולין בשר בצל וביצה אלא כדי שיצולו מבעוד יום התם דברחא ולא שריק

may be placed in an oven on the eve of Sabbath shortly before nightfall. What is the reason? Since it will not be fit for the evening,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The evening meal was eaten soon after nightfall, and it would not be ready by then. ');">¹³</span> he withdraws his mind from it and will not come to rake the coals.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' There is ample time for it to be ready on the morrow without his stirring. But pounded wheat and lupines require very much boiling, and therefore they are forbidden. ');">¹⁴</span> Again, if it is [quite] boiled, it is well.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Permitted, because the coals will not require raking. ');">¹⁵</span>

איכא דאמרי דגדיא בין שריק בין לא שריק שפיר דמי דברחא נמי ושריק שפיר דמי כי פליגי דברחא ולא שריק דרב אשי שרי ורב ירמיה מדפתי אסיר ולרב אשי דשרי (והתניא) אין צולין בשר בצל וביצה אלא כדי שיצולו מבעוד יום התם בבשרא אגומרי אמר רבינא האי קרא חייא שפיר דמי כיון דקשי ליה זיקא כבשרא דגדיא דמי:

If partly boiled,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'boiled and not boiled'. ');">¹⁶</span> it is forbidden. Yet if a raw bone is thrown into it, it is permitted.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This serves to show that he has no mention of eating it before the morrow. ');">¹⁷</span> And now that the Master said, 'Whatever may be harmed by the draught, one will not uncover it': with flesh of a kid, where it [the oven] is daubed round,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To seal it down. ');">¹⁸</span>

ב"ש אומרים אין מוכרין: ת"ר ב"ש אומרים לא ימכור אדם חפצו לנכרי ולא ישאילנו ולא ילונו ולא יתן לו במתנה אלא כדי שיגיע לביתו וב"ה אומרים כדי שיגיע לבית הסמוך לחומה רבי עקיבא אומר כדי שיצא מפתח ביתו א"ר יוסי בר' יהודה הן הן דברי רבי עקיבא הן הן דברי בית הלל לא בא רבי עקיבא אלא לפרש דברי ב"ה:

it is well;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Goat flesh is tender and injured by a draught. ');">¹⁹</span> with [flesh] of a buck, where it [the oven] is not daubed round, is forbidden. But as to [flesh] of a kid, where it is not daubed round, or of a buck, where it is daubed round: R. Ashi permits it, while R. Jeremiah of Difti<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. p. 35, n. 5. ');">²⁰</span> forbids it. Now, according to R. Ashi, who permits it, did we not learn, Meat, onion[s] or egg[s] may not be roasted unless they can be roasted before sunset? — There the reference is to [flesh] of a buck, and where it [the oven] is not daubed round.

ת"ר. בש"א לא ימכור אדם חמצו לנכרי אלא אם כן יודע בו שיכלה קודם הפסח דברי ב"ש ובית הלל אומרים כל זמן שמותר לאוכלו מותר למוכרו רבי יהודה אומר

Others state: With [the flesh] of a kid, whether it [the oven] is daubed round or not, it is well; of a buck too, if it is daubed round, it is well. They differ in respect to [flesh] of a buck, it [the oven] not being daubed: R. Ashi permits it, while R. Jeremiah of Difti forbids it. Now, according to R. Ashi who permits it, did we not learn, Meat, onion[s] or egg[s] may not be roasted unless they can be roasted before sunset? — There the reference is to meat on the coals [direct].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Not in the oven. It is then easy to turn it and rake the coals: hence it is forbidden. ');">²¹</span> Rabina said: As for a raw gourd, it is well:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It may be placed in the oven even if it cannot be cooked by the Sabbath. ');">²²</span> since a draught is injurious to it, it is like flesh of a kid. BETH SHAMMAI MAINTAIN: ONE MUST NOT SELL [etc.]. Our Rabbis taught: Beth Shammai maintain: A man must not sell an article to a Gentile, nor lend [it] to him nor loan him [money] nor make him a gift [on the eve of Sabbath], unless he can reach his house [before sunset]; while Beth Hillel rule: [unless] he can reach the house nearest the [city] wall.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the Gentile lives in another town, it is sufficient if he can take it to the nearest house there, even if he cannot reach his own before the Sabbath. ');">²³</span> R. Akiba said: [Unless] he can depart from the door of his [the Jew's] house [before the Sabbath]. Said R. Jose son of R. Judah: The words of R. Akiba are the very words of Beth Hillel:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Their views are identical. ');">²⁴</span> R. Akiba comes only to explain the words of Beth Hillel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., he states Beth Hillel's ruling, not an independent one, and thus differs from the first Tanna's interpretation of Beth Hillel's attitude. ');">²⁵</span> Our Rabbis taught: Beth Shammai maintain: A man must not sell his leaven to a Gentile, unless he knows that it will be consumed before Passover: this is Beth Shammai's view. But Beth Hillel say: As long as he [the Jew] may eat it, he may sell it. R. Judah said: