Shevuot 28

הפנימית נאכלת והחיצונה נשרפת וכל שלא נעשית בכל אלו הנכנס לשם אין חייב עליה:

THE INNER ONE IS EATEN, AND THE OUTER ONE IS BURNT.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid.');">¹</span> AND AS TO ANY ADDITION THAT WAS MADE WITHOUT ALL THESE - HE WHO ENTERS IT [WHILE UNCLEAN] IS NOT LIABLE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because it is not holy.');">²</span>

נטמא בעזרה ונעלמה ממנו טומאה וזכור את המקדש נעלם הימנו מקדש וזכור הטומאה נעלם ממנו זה וזה והשתחוה או ששהה בכדי השתחואה או בא לו בארוכה חייב בקצרה פטור

IF HE BECAME UNCLEAN IN THE TEMPLE COURT [AND WAS AWARE OF IT], AND THE UNCLEANNESS THEN BECAME HIDDEN FROM HIM, THOUGH HE REMEMBERED THE TEMPLE; [OR, THE FACT THAT IT WAS] THE TEMPLE BECAME HIDDEN FROM HIM, THOUGH HE REMEMBERED THE UNCLEANNESS; [OR,] BOTH BECAME HIDDEN FROM HIM, AND HE PROSTRATED HIMSELF, OR TARRIED THE PERIOD OF PROSTRATION,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra 16b.');">³</span> OR WENT OUT THE LONGER WAY, HE IS LIABLE; THE SHORTER WAY, HE IS NOT LIABLE; THIS IS THE POSITIVE PRECEPT CONCERNING THE TEMPLE<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. V, 2: Command the children of Israel that they send out of the camp . . whosoever is unclean. If uncleanness occurs to him while in the precincts of the Temple, he must leave immediately by the shortest route.');">⁴</span>

זו היא מצות עשה שבמקדש שאין חייבין עליה

FOR WHICH THEY [THE BETH DIN] ARE NOT LIABLE.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the Beth din give an erroneous ruling, permitting that which is prohibited, they must bring a bullock for a sin-offering: If the whole congregation of Israel shall err . . and do any of the things which the Lord hath commanded not to be done . . the assembly shall offer a young bullock (Lev. IV, 13, 14) . Congregation of Israel refers to the Beth din (Great Sanhedrin) ; v. Hor. 4b. In the present instance, if the Beth din give an erroneous ruling in connection with uncleanness occurring to a person while in the Temple, they do not bring a bullock, for they only bring a bullock for an erroneous ruling on a matter which, when unwittingly done by an individual, must be atoned for by a sin-offering, but not for an erroneous ruling on a matter which, when unwittingly done by an individual, is atoned for by a sliding scale sacrifice; v. Hor. 8b.');">⁵</span> AND WHICH IS THE POSITIVE PRECEPT CONCERNING A MENSTRUOUS WOMAN FOR WHICH THEY ARE LIABLE?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XV, 31: Ye shall separate the children of Israel from their uncleanness; v. infra 18b. For an erroneous ruling on this the Beth din bring a bullock, because an individual, for an unwitting transgression of this precept, brings a sin offering.');">⁶</span>

ואיזו היא מצות עשה שבנדה שחייבין עליה היה משמש עם הטהורה ואמרה לו נטמאתי ופירש מיד חייב מפני שיציאתו הנאה לו כביאתו:

[THIS:] IF ONE COHABITED WITH A CLEAN WOMAN, AND SHE SAID TO HIM: 'I HAVE BECOME UNCLEAN!';<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is similar to entering the Temple legitimately while clean, and becoming unclean while in the Temple.');">⁷</span> AND HE WITHDREW IMMEDIATELY, HE IS LIABLE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And brings a sin offering.');">⁸</span>

רבי אליעזר אומר השרץ ונעלם ממנו על העלם שרץ חייב ואינו חייב על העלם מקדש

BECAUSE HIS WITHDRAWAL IS AS PLEASANT TO HIM AS HIS ENTRY.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Coition; the remedy is to remain passive till the genital member becomes quiescent, when he withdraws.');">⁹</span> R'ELIEZER SAID: [SCRIPTURE SAYS: 'IF ANY ONE TOUCH.

רבי עקיבא אומר ונעלם ממנו והוא טמא על העלם טומאה חייב ואינו חייב על העלם מקדש

THE CARCASS OF] AN UNCLEAN CREEPING THING, AND IT BE HIDDEN FROM HIM':<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. V, 2.');">¹⁰</span> WHEN THE UNCLEAN CREEPING THING IS HIDDEN FROM HIM, HE IS LIABLE; BUT HE IS NOT LIABLE, WHEN THE TEMPLE IS HIDDEN FROM HIM.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He brings a sliding scale sacrifice for entering the Temple when unclean only when be has forgotten that he is unclean through contact with the carcass of a creeping thing, and not when he has forgotten that it is the Temple he is entering.');">¹¹</span>

ר' ישמעאל אומר ונעלם ונעלם שתי פעמים לחייב על העלם טומאה ועל העלם מקדש:

R'AKIBA SAID: [SCRIPTURE SAYS:] 'AND IT BE HIDDEN FROM HIM THAT HE IS UNCLEAN':<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. V, 2.');">¹²</span> WHEN IT IS HIDDEN FROM HIM THAT HE IS UNCLEAN, HE IS LIABLE; BUT HE IS NOT LIABLE, WHEN THE TEMPLE IS HIDDEN FROM HIM.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. infra ');">¹³</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אמר רב פפא לאביי שתים שהן ארבע שתים שהן שש הויין ידיעות הטומאה תחלה וסוף ידיעות הקודש תחלה וסוף ידיעות מקדש תחלה וסוף

R'ISHMAEL SAID: [SCRIPTURE SAYS:] 'AND IT BE HIDDEN FROM HIM' TWICE,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. V, 2, 3. vtnuyv ,ughsh');">¹⁴</span> IN ORDER TO MAKE HIM LIABLE BOTH FOR THE FORGETFULNESS OF THE UNCLEANNESS AND THE FORGETFULNESS OF THE TEMPLE.

ולטעמיך תמני הויין דהא איכא טומאה דקודש וטומאה דמקדש תחלה וסוף

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>Said R'Papa to Abaye: TWO, SUBDIVIDED INTO FOUR! They are two, subdivided into six! Knowledge of the uncleanness at the beginning and at the end; knowledge of the holy food at the beginning and at the end; knowledge of the Temple at the beginning and at the end! - But [even] according to your argument, they should be eight; for there is the uncleanness in connection with eating holy food, and the uncleanness in connection with entering the Temple, [necessitating knowledge] both at the beginning and at the end!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Mishnah uses the expression , states of knowledge (or, awareness) of the uncleanness. Had the Mishnah used the ,unkgv word , states of forgetfulness (or, unawareness) , it would have been justified in stating that there are only four (v. supra p. 66, n. 1) ; states of awareness are, however, eight; for each state of unawareness must be preceded and followed by a state of awareness.');">¹⁵</span> This is no question; the name uncleanness is the same.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The states of unawareness of the uncleanness both in connection with eating holy food and entering the Temple are reckoned as coming under one category. There are, therefore, only six states of awareness; before and after, in connection with the unawareness of the holy food; before and after, in connection with the unawareness of the Temple; before and after, in connection with the unawareness of the uncleanness');">¹⁶</span>

הא לא קשיא שם טומאה אחת היא מכל מקום שית הויין

[But] nevertheless [there remains the question] there are six? - R'Papa said: Verily, they are eight:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The states of awareness are definitely eight, v. n. 1.');">¹⁷</span> the first four which do not make him liable for a sacrifice<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For, if he remains unaware at the end, he cannot, obviously, bring a sacrifice.');">¹⁸</span>

אמר רב פפא לעולם תמני הויין ארבעי קמייתא דלא מייתן ליה לידי קרבן לא קא חשיב ארבעה בתרייתא דמייתן ליה לידי קרבן קא חשיב

are not counted; but the last four which make him liable for a sacrifice are counted. Some say: [Thus] said R'Papa: Verily, they are eight: the first four which occur nowhere else in the whole Torah are counted;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Elsewhere, with reference to the commission of other transgressions, there need be no awareness before the act that it was forbidden. cm');">¹⁹</span>

ואיכא דאמרי אמר רב פפא לעולם תמני הויין וארבעי קמייתא דליתנהו בכל התורה כולה קא חשיב ארבעי בתרייתא דאיתנהו בכל התורה כולה לא קא חשיב

but the last four which occur elsewhere in the Torah are not counted. R'Papa asked; If the laws of uncleanness were hidden from him, what [is the ruling]?

בעי רב פפא נעלמו ממנו הלכות טומאה מהו היכי דמי אילימא דלא ידע אי שרץ טמא אי צפרדע טמא זיל קרי בי רב הוא

How do you mean? Shall we say that he did not know whether a reptile is unclean, or a frog is unclean?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., he touched a dead toad ( , Lev. XI, 29) which resembles a frog, and did not know the law that a toad contaminates. A dead frog does not contaminate by touch (Ker. 13b) .');">²⁰</span>

לעולם דידע בטומאת שרץ וכגון דנגע בכעדשה ולא ידע כעדשה אי מטמא אי לא מטמא מאי כיון דידע דמטמא שרץ בעולם ידיעה היא או דלמא כיון דכעדשה לא ידע אי מטמא אי לא מטמא העלמה היא תיקו

Surely, this is taught in school!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'go, read it in school'. All children know that the carcass of a reptile contaminates (Lev. XI, 29, 30) . His temporary forgetfulness of this law is, therefore, immaterial. He is reckoned as having knowledge at the beginning, and later, when eating holy food (having forgotten that he is unclean) , there is unawareness in the middle; ultimately, when the knowledge at the end comes to him, he brings a sliding scale sacrifice. Had ignorance of the law been counted as unawareness, there would have been, in this case, no knowledge at the beginning, and he would not be liable for a sacrifice.');">²¹</span> - Well then, he did know that a reptile is unclean, but, for example, he touched [a portion of a reptile] the size of a lentil; and he did not know whether the size of a lentil contaminates or not: What [is th ruling]?

בעי רבי ירמיה בן בבל שעלה לארץ ישראל ונעלם ממנו מקום מקדש מהו

[Shall we say] since he knew that a reptile contaminates, this is counted knowledge; or, since he did not know whether the size of a lentil contaminates or not, it is counted as unawareness?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Therefore, there is no knowledge at the beginning.');">²²</span> - The question remains undecided.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'Let it stand'.');">²³</span>

אליבא דמאן אי אליבא דרבי עקיבא דבעי ידיעה בתחלה הא לא מחייב על העלם מקדש אי אליבא דרבי ישמעאל דמחייב על העלם מקדש הא לא בעי ידיעה בתחלה

R'Jeremiah asked: If a Babylonian went up to Palestine, and the place of the Temple was hidden from him;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And he entered the Temple whilst unclean, and had never been aware that this building was the Temple.');">²⁴</span> what [is the ruling]? - According to whose view?

לא צריכא אליבא דרבי דבעי ידיעה בתחלה ומחייב על העלם מקדש ואמר ידיעת בית רבו שמה ידיעה מאי כיון דידע דאיכא מקדש בעולם ידיעה היא או דלמא כיון דמקומו לא ידע ליה העלמה היא תיקו:

If according to R'Akiba, who holds there must be knowledge at the beginning,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 4a.');">²⁵</span> [the question does not arise, for] he does not make him liable for [uncleanness in connection with] forgetfulness of the Temple;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra Mishnah 14b.');">²⁶</span>

אחד הנכנס לעזרה וכו': מנא הני מילי אמר רב שימי בר חייא דאמר קרא (שמות כה, ט) ככל אשר אני מראה אותך את תבנית המשכן ואת תבנית כל כליו

if according to R'Ishmael, who does make him liable for [uncleanness in connection with] forgetfulness of the Temple,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid.');">²⁷</span> [again the question does not arise, for] he does not require knowledge at the beginning?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 19b.');">²⁸</span> - It is not necessary [to ask this question except] according to Rabbi, who requires knowledge at the beginning, and makes him liable in the case of forgetfulness of the Temple,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 4a-b.');">²⁹</span> and who holds, furthermore, that knowledge gained from a teacher is counted knowledge;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 5a.');">³⁰</span> what [is the ruling]? [Shall we say], since he knew that there was a Temple in existence, this is called knowledge; or, since its place was not known to him it is counted as unawareness?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And there is no knowledge at the beginning. The fact that he knew there is a Temple in existence does not constitute 'knowledge gained from a teacher', because he never knew its site; but in the case where he became unclean by touching a carcass though he was not aware at the moment of contact that this contact made him unclean, it is nevertheless counted as knowledge at the beginning (knowledge gained from a teacher) , because he had been aware at one time that contact with a carcass makes him unclean, and he had been aware at the moment of contact that he was touching a carcass.');">³¹</span> - The question remains undecided. IT IS THE SAME WHETHER ONE ENTERS THE TEMPLE COURT, etc. How do we know?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That king, prophet, etc. are necessary for consecrating an addition to the Temple court.');">³²</span> - R'Shimi B'Hiyya said: Because Scripture says: According to all that I show thee, the pattern of the tabernacle, and the pattern of all its vessels,