Shevuot 30

Chapter 30

א וכי תימא דמחמיץ להו לשירים ומקדש בהו והכתיב (ויקרא ו, י) לא תאפה חמץ חלקם ואמר ריש לקיש אפילו חלקם לא תאפה חמץ
1 And if you should say that he leavens the remnants,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After the ritual has been performed by the priest with the unleavened meal offering, he takes the remnant due to him, and makes it leavened. oekj .nj vpt, tk');"><sup>1</sup></span> and sanctifies with them, [that cannot be, for] it is written: It shall not be baked leavened. As their portion [have I given it].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. VI, 10. may be translated: 'their portion must not be baked leavened.'');"><sup>2</sup></span>
ב אלמה לא אפשר דמקדש בשתי הלחם בעצרת משום דלא אפשר
2 And Resh Lakish said: Even their portion must not be baked leavened. But why not?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Is it not really possible to sanctify the Temple court with a meal offering of leaven?');"><sup>3</sup></span> It is possible to sanctify it with the two loaves of Pentecost!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXIII, 17: they shall be baked leavened.');"><sup>4</sup></span>
ג היכי ניעביד נבנייה מאתמול וניקדשיה מאתמול שתי הלחם בשחיטת כבשים הוא דקדשי
3 - It is impossible. How shall he do it? Shall he build it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The addition in the Temple court.');"><sup>5</sup></span>
ד נבנייה מאתמול וניקדשיה האידנא בעינן קידוש בשעת הבנין
4 on the eve [of Pentecost], and sanctify i on the eve? The two loaves become holy only by the sacrifice of the lambs [on Pentecost].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXIII, 20: And the priest shall wave them with the bread of the first-fruits for a wave offering before the Lord, with the two lambs; they ohns ,ause shall be holy to the Lord. Though the loaves are holy for their value () before the lambs are sacrificed, for they are purchased from ;udv ,ause the Temple funds, they do not become bodily holy () until the lambs are sacrificed on Pentecost; v. Men. 78b.');"><sup>6</sup></span> Shall he build it on the eve, and sanctify it now [on Pentecost]?
ה נבנייה ביום טוב ונקדשיה ביום טוב אין בנין מקדש דוחה יום טוב
5 We require sanctification at the time of [the completion of] the building. Shall he complete the building on the festival, and sanctify it on the festival? The building of the Temple does not supersede the festival.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' No building operation may be performed on a Sabbath or festival even if it be for so sacred a task as the building of the Temple; v. Yeb. 6a. vbhk');"><sup>7</sup></span>
ו נשבקה לבתר הכי ונבנייה וניקדשיה איפסילא ליה בלינה
6 Shall he leave [the two loaves] till [a day] later, and complete the building and sanctify it? They [the loaves] become invalid by linah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' (night rest) 'Being left overnight till the morrow': for they are permitted to be eaten only for one day (Pentecost) and one night (till midnight) ; v. Zeb. 54b.');"><sup>8</sup></span> Shall he build it on the eve of the festival, and leave a little [incomplete], so that when he has recited the blessing at the end of the day [Habdalah], he may complete it immediately and sanctify it?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Before midnight, while the loaves are still valid.');"><sup>9</sup></span>
ז נבנייה ממעלי יומא ונשייר ביה פורתא דעד דקדיש יומא לאלתר נגמריה וניקדשיה אין בנין בית המקדש בלילה דאמר אביי מנין שאין בנין בית המקדש בלילה שנאמר (במדבר ט, טו) וביום הקים את המשכן ביום מקימו בלילה אין מקימו הלכך לא אפשר:
7 The building of the Temple cannot take place at night, for Abaye said: How do we know that the building of the Temple cannot take place at night? Because it is said: 'And on the day that the tabernacle was reared up'<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. IX, 15.');"><sup>10</sup></span> - during the 'day' it is reared up, during the night it is not reared up.
ח ובשיר: ת"ר שיר של תודה בכנורות ובנבלים ובצלצלים על כל פינה ופינה ועל כל אבן גדולה שבירושלים ואומר (תהלים ל, ב) ארוממך ה' כי דליתני וגו' ושיר של פגעים ויש אומרין שיר של נגעים
8 Therefore it is not possible.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To sanctify the Temple court with leavened loaves.');"><sup>11</sup></span> AND WITH SONG. Our Rabbis taught: The song of thanksgiving<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. C.');"><sup>12</sup></span>
ט מאן דאמר דנגעים דכתיב (תהלים צא, י) ונגע לא יקרב באהלך ומאן דאמר פגעים דכתיב (תהלים צא, ז) יפול מצדך אלף
9 was [accompanied by] lutes,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of seven strings (v. 'Ar. 13b) , resembles the guitar.');"><sup>13</sup></span> lyres,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Stringed instrument like harp; or, leather wind instrument like accordion or concertina; v. ibid. Rashi.');"><sup>14</sup></span> and cymbals<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of metal, clashed together in pairs.');"><sup>15</sup></span>
י ואומר (תהלים צא, א) יושב בסתר עליון בצל שדי יתלונן עד (תהלים צא, ט) כי אתה ה' מחסי עליון שמת מעונך וחוזר ואומר (תהלים ג, א) מזמור לדוד בברחו מפני אבשלום בנו ה' מה רבו צרי עד לה' הישועה על עמך ברכתך סלה:
10 at every corner and upon every great stone in Jerusalem; and [the psalm] is intoned; I will extol Thee, O Lord, for Thou hast raised me up etc. ;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. XXX; the heading is: A psalm; a Song at the Dedication of the House.');"><sup>16</sup></span> and the song against evil occurrences,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the psalm referring to evil spirits or demons, XCI.');"><sup>17</sup></span> and some call it the song against plagues.
יא רבי יהושע בן לוי אמר להו להני קראי וגאני היכי עביד הכי והאמר ר' יהושע בן לוי אסור להתרפאות בדברי תורה להגן שאני
11 He who calls it [the song] against plagues [does so] because it is written: neither shall any plague come nigh thy tent;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. XCI, 10.');"><sup>18</sup></span> and he who calls it [the song] against evil occurrences [does so] because it is written: a thousand may fall at my side;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 7; i.e., the evil spirits will depart when the place is sanctified.');"><sup>19</sup></span> [that is to say, this psalm] is intoned: O thou who dwellest in the secret place of the Most High, and abidest in the shadow of the Almighty, till for thou hast made the Lord who is my refuge, even the Most High, thy habitation;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. XCI, 1-9 this is actually the song of pegaim or nega'im; v. Rashal.');"><sup>20</sup></span>
יב ואלא כי אמר אסור דאיכא מכה אי דאיכא מכה אסור ותו לא והתנן הלוחש על המכה אין לו חלק לעולם הבא הא איתמר עלה א"ר יוחנן ברוקק שנו לפי שאין מזכירין שם שמים על הרקיקה:
12 and then again [this psalm] is intoned; A Psalm of David, when he fled from Absalom his son. Lord, how many are mine adversaries become! till Salvation belongeth unto the Lord; Thy blessing be upon Thy people. Selah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. III; according to Maharsha the heading of this psalm was not recited.');"><sup>21</sup></span>
יג ב"ד מהלכין ושתי תודות אחריהן וכו': למימרא דבית דין קמי תודה אזלי והכתיב (נחמיה יב, לב) וילך אחריהם הושעיה וחצי שרי יהודה הכי קאמר בית דין מהלכין ושתי תודות מהלכות ובית דין אחריהם
13 R'Joshua B'Levi recited these verses<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ps. XCI, 1-9.');"><sup>22</sup></span> when retiring to sleep. How could he do so?
יד כיצד מהלכות רבי חייא ורבי שמעון ברבי חד אמר זו כנגד זו וחד אמר זו אחר זו מאן דאמר זו כנגד זו הפנימית הך דמקרבא לחומה מאן דאמר זו אחר זו הפנימית הך דמקרבא לב"ד
14 Did not R'Joshua B'Levi [himself] say it is prohibited to heal oneself with words of the Torah?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And these verses are intended to drive away evil spirits.');"><sup>23</sup></span> - To protect oneself is different.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And is permitted; the verses are not intended to heal an actual wound, but to shield from possible affliction.');"><sup>24</sup></span> Well then, when he said it is prohibited, [he meant] where there is [already] a wound.
טו תנן הפנימית נאכלת והחיצונה נשרפת בשלמא למאן דאמר זו אחר זו אמטו להכי פנימית נאכלת משום דאתיא חיצונה קמה וקדשה לה אלא למאן דאמר זו כנגד זו תרוייהו בהדי הדדי קא מיקדשי
15 If there is wound, is it merely prohibited, and nothing else? Surely, we have learnt: He who utters an incantation<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'whispers'.');"><sup>25</sup></span> over a wound has no portion in the world to come!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sanh. 90a. This is more than merely prohibiting it. ['Spitting was believed to have the power of breaking the spell, v. Blau, Zauberwesen, p.68.]');"><sup>26</sup></span>
טז וליטעמיך למאן דאמר זו אחר זו חדא מי מיקדשא הא כל שלא נעשית בכל אלו תנן ואפי' למ"ד באחת מכל אלו הני תרוייהו חדא מצוה היא
16 - But it has been taught with reference to this; R'Johanan said: They taught [this law only] if he spits, for the Name of Heaven must not be mentioned in connection with spitting.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If he spits on the wound, and utters an incantation of Biblical verses, he has no portion in the world to come; but to utter the incantation without spitting is also prohibited; to utter verses to protect oneself from a possible affliction is permitted, v. Sanh. 101a.');"><sup>27</sup></span> THE BETH DIN WALK IN PROCESSION, THE TWO [LOAVES] OF THANKSGIVING BEING BORNE AFTER THEM, etc. Shall we say that the Beth din walk in front of the [loaves of] thanksgiving? Surely, it is written: And after them [the two loaves] went Hoshaiah and half of the princes of Judah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Neh. XII, 32.');"><sup>28</sup></span>
יז אלא א"ר יוחנן
17 - Thus he means: The Beth din walk, and the two [loaves] of thanksgiving are borne, and the Beth din walk behind.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And the Mishnah should be emended accordingly.');"><sup>29</sup></span> How are they borne? - R'Hiyya and R'Simeon son of Rabbi [disagreed]: One said, one opposite the other; and the other said, one behind the other.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The loaves are borne by two priests; according to one view, the priests walk side by side; according to the other view, they walk one behind the other.');"><sup>30</sup></span> According to the one who holds they were opposite each other, the inner one is that which is nearest the wall;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' According to Rashi, the procession marched round the wall outside; according to Tosaf., inside the city. In either case, the inner one is that which is nearest the wall. Tosaf. suggest that they marched inside the wall, because if the loaves were taken outside, they would automatically tmuh become invalidated by being (outside the consecrated area, i.e., the city of Jerusalem) .');"><sup>31</sup></span> and according to the one who holds that they were one behind the other, the inner one is that which is nearest the Beth din.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because there is one priest in front, and the Beth din behind.');"><sup>32</sup></span> We learnt: THE INNER ONE IS EATEN, AND THE OUTER ONE IS BURNT. It is right according to the one who holds that they were one behind the other, therefore the inner one is eaten, because the outer one came before it and sanctified the place;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As soon as the first loaf in the procession comes to a place, it sanctifies it; the second one, coming to it, enters holy ground, and does not, tmuh therefore, become invalid by being (going out into unconsecrated ground) . The first one, however, is burnt, because at the actual moment tmuh of entering the unconsecrated spot it became . tmuh');"><sup>33</sup></span> but according to the one who holds that they were opposite each other, they both simultaneously sanctified the place!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Then, either both should be burnt, if we assume that at the moment of entry into unconsecrated ground they became ; or, both should be eaten, if we assume that the act of entry automatically sanctifies the spot at the same moment.');"><sup>34</sup></span> - But even according to your reasoning, according to the one who holds they were one behind the other, [why is the inner one eaten? ] does the one [loaf]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The first.');"><sup>35</sup></span> then sanctify the place? Surely, we have learnt: ANY [ADDITION] THAT WAS NOT MADE WITH ALL THESE [IS NOT HOLY];<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Hence we require both loaves to enter a place in order to consecrate it.');"><sup>36</sup></span> and even according to the one who holds [that the reading in the Mishnah is]: 'with any one of all these',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra 16a; that any one of those mentioned in the Mishnah suffices to consecrate a place; and you might, therefore, conceivably say that one loaf suffices.');"><sup>37</sup></span> [still] these two [loaves] together are one precept!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' They are inseparable; 'any one of these' means either King or priest or Sanhedrin or two loaves.');"><sup>38</sup></span> - Well then, said R'Johanan,