Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Taanit 44

CommentaryAudioShareBookmark
1

(דברי הימים ב לה, כא) וישלח אליו מלאכים לאמר מה לי ולך מלך יהודה לא עליך אתה היום כי אל בית מלחמתי ואלהים אמר לבהלני חדל לך מאלהים אשר עמי ואל ישחיתך

But he sent ambassadors to him, saying<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' II Chron. XXXV, 21.');"><sup>1</sup></span> : What have I to do with thee, thou king of Judah?

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
2

מאי אלהים אשר עמי אמר רב יהודה אמר רב זו ע"ז אמר הואיל וקא בטח בע"ז יכילנא ליה

I come not against thee this day, but against the house wherewith I have war: and God hath given command to speed me; forbear thee from meddling<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' II Chron. XXXV, 21.');"><sup>1</sup></span> with God, who is with me, that He destroyeth thee not.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' II Chron. XXXV, 21.');"><sup>1</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
3

(דברי הימים ב לה, כג) ויורו היורים למלך יאשיהו ויאמר המלך לעבדיו העבירוני כי החליתי מאד מאי כי החליתי מאד אמר רב יהודה אמר רב מלמד שעשו כל גופו ככברה

What is meant by 'God who is with me'? - Rab Judah said in the name of Rab: Idols. Josiah said [to himself], Since he [Pharaoh-Necho] puts his trust in his idols I will prevail over him.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
4

אמר ר' שמואל בר נחמני אמר רבי (יוחנן) מפני מה נענש יאשיהו מפני שהיה לו לימלך בירמיהו ולא נמלך מאי דרש (ויקרא כו, ו) וחרב לא תעבור בארצכם

And the archers shot at king Josiah; and the king said to his servants: Have me away, for I am sore wounded.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. 23. ohruhv uruhu h,hkjv');"><sup>2</sup></span> What is meant by, 'For I am sore wounded'?

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
5

מאי חרב אילימא חרב שאינה של שלום והכתיב ונתתי שלום בארץ אלא אפילו של שלום והוא אינו יודע שאין דורו דומה יפה

Rab Judah said in the name of Rab: This teaches that his whole body was perforated like a sieve.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rab Judah infers this from the words which he renders,'And the archers continued shooting.'[Or, is connected with kkj to pierce through.]');"><sup>3</sup></span> R'Samuel B'Nahmani said in the name of R'Jonathan: Josiah was punished because he should have consulted Jeremiah and he did not.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
6

כי הוה ניחא נפשיה חזא ירמיהו שפוותיה דקא מרחשן אמר שמא ח"ו מילתא דלא מהגנא אמר אגב צעריה גחין ושמעיה דקא מצדיק עליה דינא אנפשיה אמר (איכה א, יח) צדיק הוא ה' כי פיהו מריתי פתח עליה ההיא שעתא (איכה ד, כ) רוח אפינו משיח ה':

On what did Josiah rely? - On the divine promise contained in the words, Neither shall the sword go through your land.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXVI, 6.');"><sup>4</sup></span> What sword?

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
7

מעשה וירדו זקנים מירושלים לעריהם כו' איבעיא להו כמלא תנור תבואה או דלמא כמלא תנור פת

Is it the warring sword? It is already stated [in the same verse], And I will give peace in the land.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXVI, 6.');"><sup>4</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
8

תא שמע כמלא פי תנור ועדיין תיבעי להו ככיסויא דתנורא או דלמא כי דרא דריפתא דהדר ליה לפומא דתנורא תיקו:

It must surely refer to the peaceful sword. Josiah, however, did not know that his generation found but little favour [in the eyes of God].

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
9

ועוד גזרו תענית על שאכלו זאבים כו' אמר עולא משום ר' שמעון בן יהוצדק מעשה ובלעו זאבים שני תינוקות והקיאום דרך בית הרעי ובא מעשה לפני חכמים וטיהרו את הבשר וטמאו את העצמות:

When he was dying Jeremiah observed that his lips were moving and he feared that perhaps, Heaven forfend,[Josiah] was saying something improper because of his great pain; he thereupon bent down and he overheard him justifying [God's] decree against himself saying, The Lord is righteous; for I have rebelled against His word.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lam. I, 18.');"><sup>5</sup></span> He [Jeremiah] then cited of him, The breath of our nostrils, the anointed of the Lord.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. IV, 20.');"><sup>6</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
10

על אלו מתריעין בשבת כו': תנו רבנן עיר שהקיפוה נכרים או נהר ואחד ספינה המיטרפת בים ואחד יחיד שנרדף מפני נכרים או מפני לסטין ומפני רוח רעה על כולן יחיד רשאי לסגף את עצמו בתענית

IT HAPPENED THAT THE ELDERS RETURNED FROM JERUSALEM TO THEIR OWN CITIES etc. The question was asked, [Does the Mishnah mean] as an oven full of grain, or as an oven full of bread?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The former is the larger quantity.');"><sup>7</sup></span> - Come and hear: As much as would fill the opening of an oven.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
11

רבי יוסי אומר אין היחיד רשאי לסגף את עצמו בתענית שמא יצטרך לבריות ואין הבריות מרחמות עליו אמר רב יהודה אמר רב מ"ט דרבי יוסי דכתיב (בראשית ב, ז) ויהי האדם לנפש חיה נשמה שנתתי בך החייה:

The following question however still remains, Does it mean [as much bread] as would close the opening of an oven, or a row of loaves extending to the opening of the oven? This is left undecided.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
12

שמעון התימני אומר אף על הדבר כו': איבעיא להו לא הודו לו חכמים בשבת אבל בחול הודו לו או דלמא לא הודו לו כלל

THEY ALSO ORDAINED A FAST BECAUSE WOLVES DEVOURED etc.' Ulla said in the name of R'Simeon B'Jehozadak: It happened that wolves devoured two children and they passed them out through their secretory canal and the question came up before the Sages and they declared that the flesh [of the children] was clean but that their bones were unclean.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Their flesh as mere secretion does not render anyone coming into contact with them unclean, but their bones, still retaining their solid nature, do; cf. Lev. V, 2-3.');"><sup>8</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
13

ת"ש דתניא מתריעין על הדבר בשבת ואצ"ל בחול ר' חנן בן פיטום תלמידו של ר' עקיבא משום רבי עקיבא אומר אין מתריעין על הדבר כל עיקר:

THE ALARM IS SOUNDED ON THE SABBATH etc. Our Rabbis have taught: When a city is surrounded by hostile Gentiles, or threatened with inundation by the river, or when a ship is foundering in the sea, or when an individual is being pursued by Gentiles or robbers or by an evil spirit,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Var. lec.: 'an evil beast'.]');"><sup>9</sup></span> the alarm is sounded [even] on the Sabbath; and on account of all these an individual may afflict himself by fasting.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
14

על כל צרה שלא תבא על הצבור כו': ת"ר על כל צרה שלא תבא על הצבור מתריעין עליה חוץ מרוב גשמים מ"ט אמר ר' יוחנן לפי שאין מתפללין על רוב הטובה

R'Jose says: An individual may not afflict himself by fasting lest thereby he come to need the help of his fellow men and it may be that they will not have mercy upon him. Rab Judah said in the name of Rab: R'Jose's reason is because It is written, And became a living soul;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Gen. II, 7.');"><sup>10</sup></span>

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
15

ואמר רבי יוחנן מניין שאין מתפללין על רוב הטובה שנאמר (מלאכי ג, י) הביאו את כל המעשר אל בית האוצר וגו' מאי עד בלי די אמר רמי בר רב (יוד) עד שיבלו שפתותיכם מלומר די

Scripture thereby implies, [God says], Keep alive the soul which I gave you. SIMEON THE TEMANITE SAYS [THE ALARM IS SOUNDED] ALSO EVEN ON ACCOUNT OF PLAGUE etc. The question was asked: Did the Rabbis disagree with him only when it was a question of sounding the alarm on the Sabbath, but on weekdays they agreed with him; or, perhaps they did not agree with him in any circumstances? - Come and hear: The alarm is sounded on account of plague on the Sabbath, and, it goes without saying, on weekdays.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
16

אמר רמי בר רב יוד ובגולה מתריעין עליה תניא נמי הכי שנה שגשמיה מרובין אנשי משמר שולחין לאנשי מעמד תנו עיניכם באחיכם שבגולה שלא יהא בתיהם קבריהם

R'Hanan B'Pitom,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Var. lec.: b. Phinehas.]');"><sup>11</sup></span> a disciple of R'Akiba, said in the name of R'Akiba: We may not under any circumstances sound the alarm on account of plague.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
17

שאלו את ר' אליעזר עד היכן גשמים יורדין ויתפללו שלא ירדו אמר להם כדי שיעמוד אדם בקרן אפל וישכשך רגליו במים והתניא ידיו רגליו כידיו קאמינא

THE ALARM IS SOUNDED ON ACCOUNT OF ANY VISITATION, THAT COMES UPON THE COMMUNITY! Our Rabbis have taught: The alarm is sounded on account of any visitation that comes upon the community! except on account of an overabundance of rain. Why? - R'Johanan said: Because we may not pray on account of an excess of good.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
18

אמר רבה בר בר חנה לדידי חזיא לי קרן אפל דקם ההוא טייעא כי רכיב גמלא ונקיט רומחא בידיה מתחזי איניבא

R'Johanan further said: Whence do we derive that we may not pray on account of an excess of good? For it is said, Bring ye the whole tithe into the storehouse.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
19

ת"ר (ויקרא כו, ד) ונתתי גשמיכם בעתם לא שכורה ולא צמאה אלא בינונית שכל זמן שהגשמים מרובין מטשטשין את הארץ ואינה מוציאה פירות דבר אחר

that there shal be more than sufficiency.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Mal. III, 10.');"><sup>12</sup></span> What is the meaning of, 'More than sufficiency'? - Rami son of R'Yud interpreted: Until your lips grow weary with saying, Sufficient. Rami son of R'Yud said: In the Diaspora the alarm is sounded on account of this.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because of an excess of rain.');"><sup>13</sup></span> It has been taught likewise: In a year of excessive rain the Men of the Mishmar send [a message] to the Men of the Ma'amad:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The phrase, Men of the Mishmar' here does not refer to priests but to a division of lay Israelites whose representatives in Jerusalem known as the Men of the Ma'amad (v. Glos.) stood by during the sacrificial ceremonies reciting prayers (v. Malter, a.l. and infra ');"><sup>14</sup></span> Think of your brethren in the Diaspora that their houses may not become their graves.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Diaspora in the first instance denotes Babylon. Babylon being a low lying country would be swamped by an excess of rain.');"><sup>15</sup></span> R'Eliezer was asked, How excessive must the rainfall be to warrant prayer for it to cease? He replied: When a man standing on Keren Ofel<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The name of a high rock on the brook of Kidron E. of Jerusalem. Cf. Tosef. Ta'an. III, I. [The water to reach the Ofel would have to rise five hundred feet. V. Buchler, op. cit. p. 197.]');"><sup>16</sup></span> is able to dabble his feet in water. But has it not been taught 'his hands'? - I mean, his feet [at the same time] as his hands.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [MS.M. omits, 'I mean', the reference being to the Baraitha. I.e., the Baraitha, in stating 'hands' means that the water had risen so high that one can sit on the Keren Ofel and wash his hands whilst his feet dabble in the water.]');"><sup>17</sup></span> Rabah bar B'Hana related: Once as I was standing on Keren Ofel I saw [below] an Arab with a spear in his hand riding on a camel and to me he looked as small as a flax-worm. The Rabbis have taught: And I will give you rains in their season.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXVI, 4.');"><sup>18</sup></span> [This means that the soil shall be] neither soaked nor parched, but moderately rained upon. For whenever the rain is excessive it scours away the soil so that it yields no fruit.

ResourcesAsk RabbiCopyNotesHighlightBookmarkSharePlay
Previous ChapterNext Chapter