Temurah 39

ולפסחו ולאשמו עושה תמורה

for his Passover sacrifice or for his guilt-offering, the [animal] can effect exchange.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The animal substituted for it becomes holy.');">¹</span>

רבי שמעון אומר

R'Simeon Says: [The female animal set aside] for his burnt-offering effects exchange,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because (i) it is not an obligatory sacrifice (R. Gershom) and also (ii) it has the name of a burnt-offering, since a bird can be a burnt-offering even though a female (Rashi) .');">²</span>

לעולתו עושה תמורה לפסחו ולאשמו אין עושה תמורה שאין לך דבר עושה תמורה אלא הרועה להסתאב

but that which he sets aside for his Passover sacrifice or guilt-offering cannot effect exchange,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since we do not find a female animal designated as a guilt-offering or a Passover offering.');">³</span>

אמר רבי

since there is no [animal] which can effect exchange except that which pastures until unfit for sacrifice.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A female animal designated as a Passover or a guilt-offering is sold even without a blemish and therefore does not effect exchange; whereas a female animal designated as a burnt-offering, since the name of a burnt-offering is found in connection with a female bird, pastures until it becomes unfit and therefore effects exchange (Rashi) .');">⁴</span>

אין אני רואה דבריו של ר"ש בפסח הואיל ומותר הפסח קרב שלמים

Said Rabbi: I do not approve of the opinion of R'Simeon with reference to a Passover sacrifice,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That it does not effect exchange.');">⁵</span>

ולימא

since unused [money or animals] dedicated for the Passover is offered as peace-offerings.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Consequently as a Passover sacrifice has some connection with peace-offerings and the latter can be females, therefore although this particular animal cannot be offered as a Passover sacrifice, we consider that it has the name of peace- offering and thus can effect exchange');">⁶</span>

אין אני רואה דבריו של ר' שמעון באשם הואיל ומותר אשם קרב עולה

And why does he not Say: I do not approve of the opinion of R'Simeon in connection with a guilt-offering, since an unused guilt-offering is offered as a burnt-offering?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' We therefore find that this female guilt-offering is a burnt-offering and it would therefore be holy as such and effect exchange, like a female burnt-offering, for we have the case of a female burnt-offering in connection with birds (Rashi) .');">⁷</span>

רבי סבר לה כרבנן דאמרי

- Rabbi holds the opinion of the Rabbis who say: The surpluses [of sacrificial appropriation] belong to the freewill-offerings of the congregation<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which are burnt-offerings.');">⁸</span>

מותרות לנדבת ציבור אזלי ואין תמורה בצבור

and the congregation cannot effect exchange.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Therefore even if it were considered a burnt-offering, there could be no exchange.');">⁹</span>

קס"ד היינו טעמא דר"ש גבי מפריש נקבה לעולתו

Now it is assumed that the reason why R'Simeon holds that a female set aside as a burnt-offering can effect exchange is because a female has the name of burnt-offering [in the case of a poor man who brings]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Inserted with Sh. Mek.');">¹⁰</span>

משום הכי עושה תמורה דהאיכא שם עולה עליה גבי עולת העוף

a burnt-offering of a bird.

אלא מעתה בכהן גדול שהפריש פרה לפרו תיקדוש דהאיכא פרת חטאת

According to this a cow set aside by a High Priest for his [sacrificial] bullock,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which he brings on the Day of Atonement for his sin-offering.');">¹¹</span>

קדשי בדק הבית הוא וקדשי בדק הבית לא עבדי תמורה

should become holy and effect exchange, since we have the case of the cow of sin-offering?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The red heifer referred to in the Torah as a sin-offering.');">¹²</span>

יחיד שהפריש שעיר לשעירתו תיקדוש דהאיכא שעיר נשיא

- The cow of sin-offering is regarded as a dedication for Temple repairs<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The reason being that the animal is not dedicated for the altar.');">¹³</span>

אי נמי נשיא שהפריש שעירה לשעירו תיקדוש דהא יחיד מפריש שעירה

and a dedication for Temple repairs cannot effect exchange.

הני תרי גופי נינהו

Then if an individual sets aside a goat instead of a she-goat<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where he is required to bring a she-goat or a sheep for a sin-offering; v. Lev. IV, 28, 32.');">¹⁴</span>

חטאו עד שלא נתמנו כי מפריש שעיר לשעירתו תיקדוש דהא אילו חטא השתא בר איתויי שעיר הוא

[for his sin-offering], let it become holy,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And effect exchange.');">¹⁵</span>

הא לא חטא לא איחייב בשעיר

since we find elsewhere the case of a 'ruler' who sets aside a goat for a sin-offering?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. ibid. 22ff.');">¹⁶</span>

אי הכי הכא נמי

Or, again, if a 'ruler' sets aside a she-goat instead of a goat [as a sin-offering], let it become holy, since elsewhere an individual sets aside a she-goat [for a sin-offering]? - These are two Separate persons [bodies].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., an individual and a 'ruler', and therefore we do not draw a comparison between them, whereas here an individual can set aside a female animal for his burnt-offering and it becomes holy and effects exchange, because if he, the same person, wished he could renounce his property in order to become a poor man and thus be able legally to bring a female bird for his burnt-offering.');">¹⁷</span>

הא לאו עולת העוף קמייתי

But if he sinned before he was a 'ruler', even if he set aside a go in place of a she-goat, let it become holy [and effect exchange] since, if he sinned now, [after his appointment]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Bah.');">¹⁸</span>

ר"ש סבר לה כר' אלעזר בן עזריה

he brings a goat?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And here the 'ruler' and the individual are the same person.');">¹⁹</span>

דתנן הרי עלי עולה יביא כבש

- Here,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case just mentioned.');">²⁰</span>

ר"א בן עזריה אומר

[it is different,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The animal substituted for it becomes holy.');">¹</span>

או תור או בני יונה

for] since he did not sin [as a 'ruler'], he is required to bring a goat.

תנן התם

If so, here too,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where he sets aside a female animal for his burnt-offering.');">²²</span>

המקדיש נכסיו והיה בהן בהמה ראויה לגבי מזבח זכרים ונקבות

he does not [actually] bring a burnt-offering of a bird?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For a rich man who is required to set aside an animal for his burnt-offering cannot bring a bird which is a poor man's offering. Therefore a female animal set aside for a burnt-offering should not become consecrated as such and thus should not effect exchange.');">²³</span>

ר"א אומר

- R'Simeon<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This then is the reason of R. Simeon with regard to a burnt offering.');">²⁴</span>

זכרים ימכרו לצרכי עולות ונקבות ימכרו לצרכי שלמים ודמיהן יפלו עם שאר נכסים לבדק הבית

holds the opinion of R'Eleazar B'Azariah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That the unspecified freewill-offering even of a rich man can be the burnt-offering of a bird. Consequently, a female animal dedicated as a burnt-offering has the name of a burnt-offering.');">²⁵</span>

ר' יהושע אומר

For we have learnt: [If one says] 'Behold, I take upon myself to bring a burnt-offering',<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Without defining the nature of the burnt-offering.');">²⁶</span>

זכרים עצמן יקרבו עולות ונקבות ימכרו לצרכי שלמים ויביא בדמיהן עולות ושאר נכסים יפלו לבדק הבית

he brings a sheep,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is the lowest kind of burnt-offering that a wealthy man can offer.');">²⁷</span>

א"ל ר' חייא בר אבא לרבי יוחנן

whereas R'Eleazar B'Azariah says: Or a turtle-dove or a pigeon.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Men. 105b, B.K. 78b.');">²⁸</span>

לרבי יהושע דאמר זכרים עצמן יקרבו עולות ונקבות היכי מקרבן שלמים הא מכח קדושה דחוייה קאתיין

We have learnt elsewhere: If one dedicates his property [for Temple repairs] and there are animals<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' This is the reading in Zeb. 103a.');">²⁹</span>

ל"א

among them fit for the altar [i.e., unblemished], males and females, R'Eliezer says: The males shall be sold as burnt-offerings and the females shall be sold as peace-offerings, and their money together with the rest of the property shall go for Temple repairs.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For R. Eliezer holds that dedications are usually for Temple repairs, even of things fit for the altar. Nevertheless, whatever is suitable for the altar must be given up to the altar.');">³⁰</span>

א"ל ר' חייא בר אבא לרבי יוחנן

R'Joshua, however, says: The males themselves are offered as burnt-offerings,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' One does not ignore animals fit for the altar and dedicate them for Temple repairs. Consequently we assume that they were dedicated for the altar and they themselves are offered up.');">³¹</span>

מדקאמר ר' יהושע זכרים עצמן יקרבו עולות למימרא דקדושת הגוף אקדשינהו

the females are sold as peace-offerings, burnt-offerings<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For usually one makes a dedication of a burnt-offering, which is the most important of sacrifices (Sh. Mek) .');">³²</span>

אי הכי נקבות אמאי ימכרו לצרכי שלמים

are bought with their money and the rest of the property is applied for Temple repairs.

בעיא רעייה

Said R'Hiyya B'Abba to R'Johanan: According to the opinion of R'Joshua, who said that the males are themselves offered as burnt-offerings, how can the females be offered as peace-offerings, seeing that their status is that of cancelled holiness?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since the males are offered as burnt-offerings and the money of the female animals is for burnt-offerings, presumably he holds that he dedicated them all for burnt-offerings. But a female animal dedicated as a burnt-offering must pasture, as stated above, its holiness as a burnt-offering having been cancelled (supra 18a) . How then can they be offered as peace-offerings?');">³³</span>

אמר ליה

Another version: Said R'Hiyya B'Abba to R'Johanan: Since R'Joshua Says, The males are themselves offered as burnt-offerings, does this mean to say that he dedicated them in respect of bodily dedication?

רבי יהושע סבר לה כרבי שמעון דאמר כל מידי דלא חזי ליה לגופיה לא נחתא ליה קדושת הגוף

If so, why are the females sold for peace-offerings?

דתנן רבי שמעון אומר

Do not [the females] require to pasture? - He [R'Johanan] answered him: R'Joshua agrees with R'Simeon who says: Anything which is not fit [for offering] is not subject to bodily dedication.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And similarly here the female animals are not fit to be offered as burnt-offerings and therefore they have no bodily holiness which would make it requisite for them to pasture until unfit for sacrifice, but they are sold.');">³⁴</span>

תמכר שלא במום (ולא א"ר שמעון) כיון דלא חזיא נקבה לאשם לא נחתא ליה קדושת הגוף

For we have learnt: R'SIMEON SAYS: IT SHALL BE SOLD WITHOUT [WAITING FOR] A BLEMISH.

אימור דא"ר שמעון גבי נקבה לאשם

And we explained that the reason of R'Simeon is that since the female animal is not fit for a guilt-offering, it is not subject to bodily dedication. Here<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For this reading v. Sh. Mek.');">³⁵</span> too<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case of our MISHNAH:');">³⁶</span> since a female animal is not fit for a burnt-offering, it is not subject to bodily dedication.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And therefore they are not left to pasture but are sold for peace-offerings.');">³⁷</span> But does not R'Simeon's teaching refer only to a case where one sets aside a female animal for a guilt-offering