Talmud Bavli
Talmud Bavli

Temurah 57

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1

וכלי שרת [וכלי אשירה] ועצי אשירה ומוקצה ונעבד

[without] a ministering vessel,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., one consecrated for the purpose of ministry.');"><sup>1</sup></span>

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2

אמר רב טובי בר מתנה א"ר יאשיה

ministering with vessels of asherah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With the same vessel that he ministered to Asherah (a tree or grove worshipped as a god) , he ministered to the Name.');"><sup>2</sup></span>

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3

מנין למוקצה מן התורה

the wood of asherah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' With which he burnt the offering.');"><sup>3</sup></span>

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4

שנאמר

mukzeh and ne'ebad.

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5

(במדבר כח, ב) תשמרו להקריב לי במועדו כל שעושין לו שימור

R'Tobi B'Mattenah reported in the name of R'Josiah: Where in the Torah is mukzeh intimated?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Misunderstood by Abaye as meaning: Where is it intimated that an animal must be kept in an enclosed space for some time to be looked after before it can be offered on the altar?');"><sup>4</sup></span>

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6

מתקיף לה אביי

Since it says: Shall ye observe to offer unto Me,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXVIII, 2.');"><sup>5</sup></span>

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7

אלא מעתה אייתית אימרא דצומא ולא עביד ליה שימור ה"נ דלא חזו להקרבה

intimating that every dedication requires special observation.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To be designated and looked after before being offered.');"><sup>6</sup></span>

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8

[א"ל]

To this Abaye demurred: If this is so, if one brought a lean lamb without having kept it under observation, is it really the case that it is not fit to be offered on the altar?

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9

אנא תשמרו להקריב לי במועדו קאמינא לי ולא לאדון אחר ואיזהו אחר שמקריבין לו

He [R'Tobi] replied to him [Abaye]: I mean [the says]: 'Shall ye observe to offer unto Me', 'unto Me' implying but not to another lord.

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10

הוי אומר זו עבודת כוכבים

What is meant by another lord to whom offering is made?

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11

אמר רבא בר רב אדא אמר רב יצחק

It is idolatry.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' R. Tobi therefore says: Whence in the Torah is mukzeh, an animal designated for idolatry, forbidden?');"><sup>7</sup></span>

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12

אין מוקצה אסור אלא עד שיעבדו

Raba son of R'Adda reported in the name of R'Isaac: Mukzeh remains forbidden only until it has been used for some work.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Whereby its designation for the idolatrous altar is annulled. This is Rashi's second interpretation which he prefers. The first interpretation is: Mukzeh is forbidden only when some work has been done with it, but previous to this there is no prohibition for the altar.');"><sup>8</sup></span>

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13

עולא א"ר יוחנן

'Ulla reported in the name of R'Johanan: Until the animal is handed over to the ministers of the idol [to be eaten].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' After which it will no longer be offered on the altar.');"><sup>9</sup></span>

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14

עד שימסרוהו לכומרי עבודת כוכבים

Beha<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The name of an Amora.');"><sup>10</sup></span>

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15

בהא אמר רבי יוחנן

reported in the name of R'Johanan: Until they feed the animal with vetches set aside for idolatry.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To fatten them for the idolatrous priests.');"><sup>11</sup></span>

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16

עד שיאכילוהו כרשיני עבודת כוכבים

Said R'Abba to Beha: Do you<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Sh. Mek.');"><sup>12</sup></span>

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17

אמר ליה רבי אבא לבהא

and 'Ulla differ? - He replied to him: No.'

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18

מפלגיתו אתון אעולא

Ulla himself means that it is fed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'he rubs for it'.');"><sup>13</sup></span>

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19

א"ל

with vetches set aside for idolatry.

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20

לא עולא נמי כי קאמר הוא דשפי ליה כרשיני עבודת כוכבים

R'Abba said: Beha knew how to explain this teaching.

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21

א"ר אבא

Had he not, however, gone<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec. 'come up from'.');"><sup>14</sup></span>

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22

ידע בהא לשנויי שמעתא ואי לא דסליק התם לא הוה ידע דארץ ישראל גרמה ליה

there [Palestine], he would not have known how to explain it, for it was the Land of Israel which was the cause.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the air of the Land of Israel made people wise.');"><sup>15</sup></span>

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23

אמר ליה רב יצחק

Said R'Isaac to him: Beha belonged to both Babylon<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'from here and here'.');"><sup>16</sup></span>

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24

בהא מיכן ומיכן הוה

and the Land of Israel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And had the advantage of studying in both countries and his wisdom was not due only to his being a student from the Land of Israel.');"><sup>17</sup></span>

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25

דתני רב חנניא טריטאה קמיה דר' יוחנן

R.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Marginal Gloss.');"><sup>18</sup></span>

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26

אין מוקצה אסור אלא עד שיעשו בו מעשה הוא

Hanania of Trita<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In Babylonia.');"><sup>19</sup></span>

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27

תני לה והדר אמר לה

recited in the presence of R'Johanan: Mukzeh remains forbidden only until some act has been done with it.

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28

מאי מעשה

He taught this and also explained: What is meant by some act? - Such as shearing its wool or doing some work with it.

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29

עד שיגזז ויעבדו בו

WHAT IS MEANT BY NE'EBAD etc. Whence is this proved?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That mukzeh and ne'ebad are permitted to be eaten privately.');"><sup>20</sup></span>

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30

איזהו נעבד כו'

Said R'Papa: Since Scripture says: From the well-watered pastures of Israel;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezek. XLV, 15. The verse refers to the bringing of sacrifices.');"><sup>21</sup></span>

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31

מנא הני מילי

this intimates,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That an offering can be brought.');"><sup>22</sup></span>

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32

אמר רב פפא

from what is legitimate for Israel.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To be eaten.');"><sup>23</sup></span>

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33

דאמר קרא (יחזקאל מה, טו) ממשקה ישראל מן המותר לישראל ואי ס"ד אסירי להדיוט למה לי קרא ממעטינהו מגבוה

Now if you were to assume that they<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Mukzeh and ne'ebad.');"><sup>24</sup></span>

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34

וכל היכא דאסירי להדיוט לא בעי קרא

are forbidden for private use, what need is there for a [special] Scriptural text<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Of the herd, of the flock', the former text including ne'ebad and the latter excluding mukzeh.');"><sup>25</sup></span>

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35

והא טרפה דאסירא להדיוט ומעטיה קרא מגבוה

to exclude them from the altar?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit.,'the Most High'. Since we can exclude mukzeh and ne'ebad as regards offering them on the altar from the text: 'From the well-watered pastures' inasmuch as they are forbidden to Israel! The fact therefore that the special Scripture texts are required proves that mukzeh and ne'ebad are permitted to be eaten privately.');"><sup>26</sup></span>

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36

דתניא

But is it the case that wherever a thing is forbidden for private use there is n need for a Scriptural text?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To render it unfit for the altar.');"><sup>27</sup></span>

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37

כשהוא אומר מן הבקר למטה שאין ת"ל אלא להוציא את הטרפה

Is there not the case of trefah which is forbidden for private use and yet a Scriptural text excludes it from being offered on the altar?

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38

איצטריך סד"א

For it has been taught: [Even of the herd<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. I, 2. The bracketed passage is inserted with Sh. Mek.');"><sup>28</sup></span>

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39

הני מילי דנטרפה ואחר כך נתקדשה אבל נתקדשה ואחר כך נטרפה אימא דתישרי לגבוה

excludes ne'ebad.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That an animal which is used as an idol is forbidden for the altar.');"><sup>29</sup></span>

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40

והא מהכא נפקא

Perhaps it is not so, and the object of the text is to exclude trefah? ] When Scripture however says further on: Of the herd,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. I, 3.');"><sup>30</sup></span>

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41

(ויקרא כז, לב) כל אשר יעבור תחת השבט פרט לטרפה שאינה עוברת

which there is no need to repeat, it must be in order to exclude the case of trefah from the altar!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And since the second text certainly excludes the case of trefah, therefore the first text must exclude ne'ebad. We see therefore that although trefah is forbidden to be eaten there is a special Scripture text to exclude it from the altar (Rashi) .');"><sup>31</sup></span>

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42

ההוא נמי איצטריך סלקא דעתך אמינא

- [Both] texts<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'From the well-watered' and 'of the herd etc.'.');"><sup>32</sup></span>

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43

הני מילי היכא דלא היתה לה שעת הכושר דנולדה טרפה ממעי אמה אבל היכא דהיתה לה שעת הכושר ויצאת לאויר העולם ואח"כ נטרפה אימא תשתרי לגבוה קמ"ל

are necessary.

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44

<big><strong>מתני׳</strong></big> ואיזהו אתנן האומר לזונה הוליך טלה זה בשכרך אפי' הן ק' כולן אסורין

For you might think that the text<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'From the well-watered pastures etc.'.');"><sup>33</sup></span>

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45

וכן האומר לחבירו הוליך טלה זה ותלין שפחתך אצל עבדי

refers to a case where the animal became trefah and then it was dedicated,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In which case, since it was trefah and forbidden to be eaten before the dedication, it is unfit for the altar.');"><sup>34</sup></span>

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46

רבי (מאיר) אומר

but where the animal was dedicated and then it became trefah, I might have thought that it is legitimate [for the altar].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The text therefore 'of the herd etc.' excludes trefah from being offered on the altar, even where the trefah occurred subsequently to the dedication (Rashi) .');"><sup>35</sup></span>

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47

אינו אתנן וחכמים אומרים

But we do not derive this<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That where one dedicated an animal and it afterwards became trefah, it is forbidden for the altar.');"><sup>36</sup></span>

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48

אתנן

from the following.

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49

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> אמר מר

[It says:] Whatsoever passeth under the rod,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XXVII, 32.');"><sup>37</sup></span>

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50

ואפילו הן מאה כולן אסורין

thus excluding the case of trefah which cannot pass?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since it implies that although the animal entered the shed to be tithed it was not trefah, if it became trefah, i.e., if its legs were broken from the ankle upwards after entering the shed, so that it cannot pass under the rod, it is excluded from being offered on the altar (R. Gershom) .');"><sup>38</sup></span>

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51

היכי דמי

- That text<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'All that passeth etc.'');"><sup>39</sup></span>

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52

אילימא דשקלה אגרא מאה בהמות פשיטא דכולהו אסירי מה לי חד מה לי מאה

is also necessary.

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53

לא צריכא דשקלה אגרא חדא ויהיב לה מאה דכולהו מכח אתנן קאתי

You might have thought that [the former text] refers only to an animal which was at no time fit for the altar, having been born a trefa in the inside of its mother; but in a case where it was fit at one time [for the altar], and it was born<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'came into the air space of universe'.');"><sup>40</sup></span>

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54

ת"ר

and then became trefah, I might have thought that it is legitimate for the altar.

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55

נתן לה ולא בא עליה בא עליה ולא נתן לה אתננה מותר

[The text]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'All that passeth'.');"><sup>41</sup></span>

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56

נתן לה ולא בא עליה אתננה קרית ליה

therefore teaches us [that it is not so].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And where the animal became trefah after its birth and was dedicated, it was also forbidden for the altar. And the text, 'of the herd' excludes the case of the animal which became trefah after dedication (Rashi) .');"><sup>42</sup></span>

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57

ותו בא עליה ולא נתן לה מאי יהיב לה

<big><b>MISHNAH: </b></big>WHAT IS MEANT BY A [HARLOT'S] HIRE?

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58

אלא הכי קתני

IF ONE SAYS TO A HARLOT: TAKE THIS LAMB FOR YOUR HIRE, EVEN IF THERE ARE A HUNDRED LAMBS, THEY ARE ALL FORBIDDEN [FOR THE ALTAR].

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59

נתן לה ואח"כ בא עליה בא עליה ואח"כ נתן לה אתננה מותר

SIMILARLY, IF ONE SAYS TO HIS FELLOW: HERE IS A LAMB AND ASSIGN YOUR [NON-ISRAELITISH] MAIDSERVANT FOR MY SERVANT, R'MEIR<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Var. lec. 'Rabbi'.');"><sup>43</sup></span>

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60

וליחול עליה אתנן למפרע

SAYS: IT [THE LAMB] IS NOT REGARDED AS [HARLOT'S] HIRE, WHEREAS THE SAGES SAY: IT IS REGARDED AS [HARLOT'S] HIRE.

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61

אמר רבי אלעזר

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>The Master says: EVEN IF THERE ARE A HUNDRED LAMBS THEY ARE ALL FORBIDDEN. How is this meant? Shall I say that she took a hundred animals for her hire? Surely it is obvious that they are all forbidden [for the altar]! What is the difference whether there be one or a hundred [lambs]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As they are all a harlot's hire and forbidden for the altar.');"><sup>44</sup></span> - No; it is necessary<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the Mishnah to say that even a hundred animals are forbidden.');"><sup>45</sup></span> in a case where she took one lamb as her hire<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The man only promised her one lamb.');"><sup>46</sup></span> and he gave her a hundred; all are then forbidden, since they all come by reason of the hire.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And we do not say that they were given to her as a present.');"><sup>47</sup></span> Our Rabbis have taught: If he gave her,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A lamb as hire.');"><sup>48</sup></span> but he had no intercourse with her, if he had intercourse with her, but did not give her, her hire is legitimate [for the altar]. In the case where he gave her but did not hav intercourse with her, do you call this her hire? And, moreover, the case where he had intercourse with her but did not give her, [you say that her hire is legitimate]. But what did he give her? - What is meant is this: If he gave her and then had intercourse with her, or if he had intercourse with her and then gave her [a lamb for] her hire, it is legitimate [for the altar]. But should not the law of [harlot's] hire take effect retrospectively?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the case where he gave her a lamb before he had intercourse with her, why should not the lamb be considered her hire? For, since at the time of the intercourse the lamb is alive, and he had intercourse with her on the strength of promising it, then wherever the lamb is to be found, it should be regarded as the hire of a harlot. Now there is no difficulty in the case where he had intercourse with her and then gave her a lamb, for one might say that since the animal was not assigned to her at the time of the intercourse, it was not forbidden for the altar and should he regarded as a present (Rashi) .');"><sup>49</sup></span> - Said R'Eleazar:

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