Yevamot 138

עיברה לא תאכל בתרומה נחתך העובר במעיה תאכל היה כהן שבא על בת ישראל לא תאכל בתרומה עיברה לא תאכל ילדה תאכל נמצא כחו של בן גדול משל אב

IF SHE BECOMES PREGNANT SHE MAY NO LONGER EAT <i>TERUMAH</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The embryo causes its mother's disqualification. V. supra 67b. ');">¹</span> IF THE EMBRYO WAS CUT IN HER WOMB SHE MAY EAT.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Immediately. And the same law applies where the embryo was born dead. ');">²</span> IF<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Cur. edd., 'he was'; BaH, 'behold'. ');">³</span> A PRIEST HAD INTERCOURSE WITH THE DAUGHTER OF AN ISRAELITE, SHE MAY NOT EAT <i>TERUMAH</i>. [EVEN IF] SHE BECOMES PREGNANT SHE MAY NOT EAT.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' An embryo in the womb cannot confer upon its mother the privilege of eating terumah, as deduced from born in his house (Lev. XXII. 11). V. supra 67b. ');">⁴</span>

העבד פוסל משום ביאה ואינו פוסל משום זרע כיצד בת ישראל לכהן בת כהן לישראל וילדה הימנו בן והלך הבן ונכבש על השפחה וילדה הימנו בן הרי זה עבד היתה אם אביו בת ישראל לכהן לא תאכל בתרומה בת כהן לישראל תאכל בתרומה

IF, HOWEVER, SHE GAVE BIRTH TO A CHILD SHE MAY EAT.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' By virtue of the existence of a son, though he is illegitimate. ');">⁵</span> THE POWER OF THE SON IS THUS GREATER THAN THAT OF THE FATHER.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' While the latter, as a violator or seducer, cannot confer the privilege, the son can. ');">⁶</span> A SLAVE, BY HIS COHABITATION, DEPRIVES A WOMAN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If she is a priest's daughter entitled to eat terumah. ');">⁷</span> OF THE PRIVILEGE OF EATING <i>TERUMAH</i><span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As explained supra 68b. ');">⁸</span>

ממזר פוסל ומאכיל כיצד בת ישראל לכהן ובת כהן לישראל וילדה הימנו בת והלכה הבת ונישאת לעבד או לעובד כוכבים וילדה הימנו בן הרי זה ממזר היתה אם אמו בת ישראל לכהן תאכל בתרומה בת כהן לישראל לא תאכל בתרומה

BUT NOT AS HER OFFSPRING.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If the slave is the offspring of a priest's daughter who was married to an Israelite now dead, he does not deprive her of the right of returning to the house of her father again to eat terumah. V. infra for further explanation. ');">⁹</span> HOW? — IF THE DAUGHTER OF AN ISRAELITE WAS MARRIED TO A PRIEST OR THE DAUGHTER OF A PRIEST WAS MARRIED TO AN ISRAELITE, AND SHE BORE A SON BY HIM, AND THE SON WENT AND VIOLATED A BONDWOMAN WHO BORE A SON BY HIM, SUCH A SON IS A SLAVE;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The child of a bondwoman, though of an Israelite father, is deemed a slave, as deduced from Ex. XXI, 4. ');">¹⁰</span> AND IF HIS FATHER'S MOTHER WAS AN ISRAELITE'S DAUGHTER WHO WAS MARRIED TO A PRIEST, SHE MAY NOT EAT <i>TERUMAH</i>;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If her husband and her son (the father of the slave) are dead. Though the son of a son (like a son) confers upon his grandmother the right of eating terumah (v. infra 70a), the offspring of a union between an Israelite and a bondwoman is not regarded as the legitimate son of his father but as the child of his mother. ');">¹¹</span> BUT IF SHE WAS A PRIEST'S DAUGHTER AND MARRIED TO AN ISRAELITE SHE MAY EAT <i>TERUMAH</i>.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The slave not being regarded as legitimate offspring (cf. supra n. 2) to deprive her of the privilege. ');">¹²</span>

כהן גדול פעמים שהוא פוסל כיצד בת כהן לישראל וילדה הימנו בת והלכה הבת וניסת לכהן וילדה הימנו בן ה"ז ראוי להיות כהן גדול עומד ומשמש על גבי המזבח מאכיל את אמו ופוסל אם אמו זאת אומרת לא כבני כ"ג שהוא פוסלני מן התרומה:

A BASTARD DEPRIVES A WOMAN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If she is a priest's daughter entitled to eat terumah. ');">¹³</span> OF THE PRIVILEGE OF EATING <i>TERUMAH</i> AND ALSO BESTOWS THE PRIVILEGE UPON HER.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If she was the daughter of an Israelite who was married to a priest now dead. ');">¹⁴</span> HOW? IF AN ISRAELITE'S DAUGHTER WAS MARRIED TO A PRIEST OR A PRIEST'S DAUGHTER WAS MARRIED TO AN ISRAELITE, AND SHE BORE A DAUGHTER BY HIM, AND THE DAUGHTER WENT AND MARRIED A SLAVE OR AN IDOLATER AND BORE A SON BY HIM, SUCH A SON IS A BASTARD; AND IF HIS MOTHER'S MOTHER WAS AN ISRAELITE'S DAUGHTER WHO WAS MARRIED TO A PRIEST, SHE MAY EAT <i>TERUMAH</i>; BUT IF SHE WAS A PRIEST'S DAUGHTER WHO WAS MARRIED TO AN ISRAELITE SHE MAY NOT EAT <i>TERUMAH</i>. A HIGH PRIEST SOMETIMES DEPRIVES A WOMAN<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If she is a priest's daughter entitled to eat terumah. ');">¹³</span>

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> תנינא להא דת"ר שוטה וקטן שנשאו נשים ומתו נשותיהן פטורות מן החליצה ומן הייבום

OF HER RIGHT TO EAT <i>TERUMAH</i>. HOW? IF A PRIEST'S DAUGHTER WAS MARRIED TO AN ISRAELITE AND SHE BORE A DAUGHTER BY HIM, AND THE DAUGHTER WENT AND MARRIED A PRIEST AND BORE A SON BY HIM, SUCH A SON IS FIT TO BE A HIGH PRIEST, TO STAND AND MINISTER AT THE ALTAR. HE ALSO BESTOWS UPON HIS MOTHER,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Even after the death of his father. ');">¹⁵</span> THE PRIVILEGE OF EATING <i>TERUMAH</i>, BUT DEPRIVES<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As the living offspring of an Israelite. ');">¹⁶</span> HIS MOTHER'S MOTHER<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Though his own mother is dead. Were it not for his existence, his grandmother would have regained her original right of eating terumah on the death of her daughter. V. infra 87a. ');">¹⁷</span> OF THIS PRIVILEGE. THE LATTER<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'this'. ');">¹⁸</span>

כיצד היה ישראל שבא על בת כהן תאכל בתרומה עיברה לא תאכל כיון דעיברה לא תאכל ליחוש שמא עיברה מי לא תנן מפרישין אותן ג' חדשים שמא מעוברות הן

CAN RIGHTLY SAY, '[MAY THERE] NOT [BE ANOTHER] LIKE MY GRANDSON THE HIGH PRIEST WHO DEPRIVES ME OF THE PRIVILEGE OF EATING <i>TERUMAH</i>. <b><i>GEMARA</i></b>. [Here]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the statement that an imbecile's betrothal neither confers upon a woman, nor deprives her of the right of eating terumah (v. our Mishnah), thus affirming that an imbecile's kinyan has no validity. ');">¹⁹</span> we learn what the Rabbis taught: If an imbecile or a minor married and died, their wives are exempt from <i>halizah</i> and from levirate marriage.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Tosef. Yeb. XI, infra 96b, 2b; because there is no validity whatsoever in the kinyan of his marriage. ');">²⁰</span> IF AN ISRAELITE HAD INTERCOURSE WITH THE DAUGHTER OF A PRIEST SHE MAY STILL CONTINUE TO EAT <i>TERUMAH</i>. IF SHE BECOMES PREGNANT SHE MAY NO LONGER EAT. Since she may not eat when she is definitely with child, precaution should be taken against the possibility that she might be with child!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And should, in consequence. be forbidden to eat terumah immediately after intercourse had taken place. Why then was it stated, IF AN ISRAELITE HAD INTERCOURSE … SHE MAY STILL CONTINUE TO EAT TERUMAH? ');">²¹</span>

אמר רבה בר רב הונא ליוחסין חששו לתרומה לא חששו ולתרומה לא חששו והתניא הרי זה גיטיך שעה אחת קודם למיתתי אסורה לאכול בתרומה מיד

Did we not learn, 'They<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Women who have been exchanged for one another. (V. the Mishnah, supra 33b). ');">²²</span> must be kept apart<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., they are forbidden to cohabit with their husbands. ');">²³</span> for three months, since it is possible that they are pregnant'?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Supra 33b. Similar precaution, then, should have been taken here also! ');">²⁴</span> Rabbah son of R. Huna replied: In respect of genealogy<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Mishnah cited is concerned with safeguarding the status of a legitimate child by taking the necessary precautions to distinguish him from the illegitimate. ');">²⁵</span>

אלא אמר רבה בר רב הונא בנישואין חששו בזנות לא חששו

precautions were taken;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the interests of the purity of family life special precautions were necessary. ');">²⁶</span> in respect of <i>terumah</i> no such precautions were considered necessary. But was no such precaution considered necessary in respect of <i>terumah</i>? Surely, it was taught: [If a priest said]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To his wife, the daughter of an Israelite. ');">²⁷</span> 'Here is your letter of divorce [which shall become effective] one hour before my death', she is forbidden to eat <i>terumah</i> at once!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Suk. 23b, Git. 28a, Ned. 3b; since the priest might die at any moment while the woman was indulging in the consumption of terumah. This proves that in respect of terumah also precautions were taken. ');">²⁸</span> — In fact,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Withdrawing from his first reply. ');">²⁹</span>

ובנישואין מי חששו והתניא בת כהן שנישאת לישראל ומת טובלת ואוכלת בתרומה לערב

said Rabbah son of R. Huna, precautions were taken in respect of legitimate marriage,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of which the Mishnah (supra 33a) cited speaks. ');">³⁰</span> but in respect of illegitimate intercourse<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The subject of the section of our Mishnah under consideration. ');">³¹</span> no such precaution was considered necessary.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 35a. ');">³²</span> But was such precaution, taken in respect of legitimate marriage? Surely, it was taught: If a priest's daughter was married to an Israelite who died,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the same day, after one act of cohabitation. ');">³³</span>

אמר רב חסדא טובלת ואוכלת עד ארבעים דאי לא מיעברא הא לא מיעברא ואי מיעברא עד ארבעים מיא בעלמא היא

she may perform her ritual immersion<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Prescribed in Lev. XV, 18. ');">³⁴</span> and eat <i>terumah</i> the same evening!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' No precaution being taken against the possibility that the woman may have conceived and thereby remained forbidden to eat terumah. ');">³⁵</span> — R. Hisda replied: She performs the immersion but may eat <i>terumah</i> only until the fortieth day. For if she is not found pregnant<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the fortieth day. ');">³⁶</span> she never was pregnant;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And is allowed to eat terumah after that day also. ');">³⁷</span>

אמר ליה אביי אי הכי אימא סיפא הוכר עוברה במעיה תהא מקולקלת למפרע מאי מקולקלת עד ארבעים

and if she is found pregnant,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' On the fortieth day. ');">³⁸</span> the semen, until the fortieth day, is only a mere fluid.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' And cannot be regarded as a child. ');">³⁹</span> Said Abaye to him: If so,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' That prior to the fortieth day the woman is not regarded as pregnant. ');">⁴⁰</span> read the final clause: If the embryo in her womb can be distinguished she is considered to have committed an offence<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'injured'. ');">⁴¹</span>

איתמר הבא על ארוסתו בבית חמיו רב אמר הולד ממזר ושמואל אמר הולד שתוקי אמר רבא מסתברא מילתיה דרב דדיימא מעלמא אבל לא דיימא מעלמא בתרא דידיה שדינן ליה

retrospectively!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' She pays compensation for any terumah she may have consumed by returning to the priest the principal plus a fifth. V. Lev. XXII, 14. ');">⁴²</span> — The meaning is that<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'what'. ');">⁴³</span> she is considered to have committed an offence<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'injured'. ');">⁴¹</span> retrospectively<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' If she ate terumah at any time after the fortieth day. ');">⁴⁴</span>

אמר רבא מנא אמינא לה דקתני ילדה תאכל היכי דמי אילימא דדיימא מעלמא ילדה אמאי תאכל אלא לאו מיניה דיימא ולא דיימא מעלמא

to the fortieth day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' But not earlier. She pays no compensation for any terumah she may have consumed prior to the fortieth day. ');">⁴⁵</span> It was stated: Where a man cohabited with his betrothed in the house of his [future] father-in-law, Rab said: The child is a bastard; and Samuel said: The child is a shethuki.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Only a doubtful bastard. V. Glos. and Kid. 6. ');">⁴⁶</span> Raba said: Rab's view is reasonable in the case where the betrothed woman was suspected of illicit relations with strangers.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'when she is spoken of in a low voice from (by) the world'. ');">⁴⁷</span> Where, however, she is not suspected of illicit relations with strangers the child is ascribed to him.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The man who betrothed her. ');">⁴⁸</span>

ומה התם דלהאי איסורא ולהאי איסורא בתרא דידיה שדינן ליה הכא דלהאי איסורא ולהאי היתירא לא כל שכן

Said Raba: Whence do I infer this? From the statement, IF, HOWEVER, SHE GAVE BIRTH TO A CHILD SHE MAY EAT. For how is this to be understood? If it be suggested to refer to a woman who is suspected of illicit relations with strangers, why should she be allowed to eat <i>terumah</i> when she bore a child!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' There is no proof that the priest was the child's father. ');">⁴⁹</span> Consequently it must refer to a woman<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., 'but no'. ');">⁵⁰</span> who was suspected of illicit relations with him only but not with strangers. Now, if there<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In our Mishnah. ');">⁵¹</span> where she is forbidden to the one as well as to the other,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To the violator and seducer as well as to any other man, for it is forbidden to have intercourse with a woman without betrothal. ');">⁵²</span>

א"ל אביי לעולם אימא לך כל היכא דדיימא מיניה אע"ג דלא דיימא מעלמא אמר רב הולד ממזר מ"ט דאמרינן מדאפקרא נפשה לגבי ארוס אפקרא נפשה לעלמא ומתני' שהיו שניהם חבושים בבית האסורין

the child is regarded as his<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The violator's or seducer's. ');">⁵³</span> how much more so<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Should the child be regarded as the son of the man who betrothed her. ');">⁵⁴</span> here<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The case where the man cohabited with his betrothed. ');">⁵⁵</span> where she is forbidden to all other men and permitted to him. Said Abaye to him: It may still be maintained that Rab is of the opinion that wherever she is suspected of illicit relations with him,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The man who betrothed her. ');">⁵⁶</span>

איכא דאמרי בבא עליה כ"ע לא פליגי דבתריה דידיה שדינן ליה והכי איתמר ארוסה שעיברה רב אמר הולד ממזר ושמואל אמר הולד שתוקי אמר רבא מסתברא מילתיה דרב דלא דיימא מיניה ודיימא מעלמא

the child is deemed to be a bastard even where she is not suspected of such relations with others. What is the reason? Because it is assumed that as she exposed herself to the man who betrothed her so she exposed herself to others also; but our Mishnah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which regards the child as the son of the violator or seducer. ');">⁵⁷</span> deals with the case where both of them<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The man and the woman. ');">⁵⁸</span> were imprisoned in the same gaol.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Where no intercourse with any other man was possible. ');">⁵⁹</span> Others say: Where he<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The man who betrothed her. ');">⁵⁶</span> cohabited with her, no one disputes that the child is regarded as his; but the statement made was in the following form. Where a betrothed woman became pregnant, Rab ruled: Such a child is a bastard; and Samuel ruled: The child is a shethuki.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Only a doubtful bastard. V. Glos. and Kid. 6. ');">⁶⁰</span> Raba said: Rab's view is reasonable where the woman was not suspected of illicit relations with him,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The man who betrothed her. ');">⁵⁶</span> but was suspected of such relations with others,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These being in the majority, the child is deemed to be the son of one of the strangers. ');">⁶¹</span>