Yoma 4

ואימא צוה [צוה] דיום הכפורים דכתיב (ויקרא טז, לד) ויעש כאשר צוה ה' את משה דנין צוה דלפני עשיה מצוה דלפני עשיה ואין דנין צוה דלאחר עשיה מצוה דלפני עשיה

But perhaps say that [the word] ziwwah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Written in connection with the consecrations.');">¹</span> [he commanded] has reference to [the word] ziwwah which occurs in connection with the Day of Atonement,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that the whole passage of Lev. VIII, 34 refers to that day.');">²</span> since the verse reads,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XVI, 34.');">³</span> And he did as the Lord ziwwah [commanded] Moses?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To justify inference from identity of phrase or word, there must be in the two texts a certain identity of circumstance.');">⁴</span>

ואימא צוה דקרבנות דכתיב (ויקרא ז, לח) ביום צותו את בני ישראל דנין צוה מצוה ואין דנין צותו מצוה

- One may infer from [the word] ziwwah used before conformity<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As in Lev. VIII, 34 where the phrase is, 'He commanded to do'.');">⁵</span> for another case in which ziwwah is used also before conformity,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As in the case of the red heifer where too it is, 'He commanded to do'.');">⁶</span> but one may not infer ziwwah is used before conformity<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As in Lev. VIII, 34 where the phrase is, 'He commanded to do'.');">⁵</span> for ziwwah used after conformity.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As in the case with the Day of Atonement, where the text is, 'and he did as the Lord commanded'.');">⁷</span>

ומאי נפקא מינה והתנא דבי רבי ישמעאל (ויקרא יד, לט) ושב הכהן ובא הכהן זו היא שיבה זו היא ביאה

Perhaps ziwwah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Written in connection with the consecrations.');">¹</span> has reference to sacrifices,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that every priest should require separation before offering a public sacrifice.');">⁸</span> for it is written, On the day when the Lord zawwotho<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the same root as ziwwah. Lit., 'His commanding'.');">⁹</span> [commanded] the children of Israel?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. VII, 38.');">¹⁰</span>

הני מילי היכא דליכא דדמי ליה אבל היכא דאיכא דדמי ליה מדדמי ליה ילפינן

- One may fitly infer ziwwah<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As in the case of the red heifer where too it is, 'He commanded to do'.');">⁶</span> from ziwwah,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As in Lev. VIII, 34 where the phrase is, 'He commanded to do'.');">⁵</span> but one may not infer zawwotho<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. nn. 14 and 15.');">¹¹</span> from ziwwah.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' To justify inference by gezerah shawah there must be exact identity of expression.');">¹²</span>

לכפר אלו מעשה יום הכפורים ואימא כפרה דקרבנות

But what does it matter? Did not the school of R'Ishmael teach that [in the verse], The priest shall return or the priest shall come in,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ibid. Xlv, 39.');">¹³</span> 'returning' and 'coming in' mean one and the same thing?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' For the purposes of inference v. Hor., Sonc. ed., p. 57, n. 11. So that such literalness as the insistence on differentiation between ziwwah and zawwotho is not justified.');">¹⁴</span> - These words [of the school of R'Ishmael] apply only when there is no identical word,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' From the congruity of which an analogy may be inferred.');">¹⁵</span>

מי ידעינן הי כהן מתרמי דבעי ליה פרישה אמרי אלמה לא ניבעי ליה פרישה לכוליה משמרת בית אב דנין דבר שקבוע לו זמן מדבר שקבוע לו זמן לאפוקי קרבנות דכל יומא איתנהו

but where such a similar word is used, the inference may be made only on the basis of absolute identity of expression. - [We stated above that the word] 'lekapper' [to atone] has reference to the Day of Atonement. May it not refer [also]<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. Tosaf. Yesh.');">¹⁶</span> to the atonement resulting from a sacrifice?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Offered by an individual for atonement (Rashi) ; so that every priest would need such removal before sacrificing.');">¹⁷</span>

ואימא רגלים דנין דבר שנוהג פעם אחת בשנה מדבר הנוהג פעם אחת בשנה לאפוקי רגלים דלאו פעם אחת בשנה נינהו

- How could we know which priest would happen to perform the sacrifice so that he would have to be removed [from his house]?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The priests were assigned their service by means of a lot. V. infra 22a.');">¹⁸</span> But why should we not really have to postulate such separation for the whole priestly division?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Because the task may come to anyone by the allotment. And thus the question remains, perhaps the word 'lekapper' applies also to the atonement of a sacrifice, cf. n. 3.');">¹⁹</span> - It is proper to make inference from something for which a definite time is appointed<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The consecration of the priests.');">²⁰</span> for something which similarly is fixed for a definite time.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Day of Atonement.');">²¹</span>

ואימא רגל אחד וכי תימא לא ידעינן הי מינייהו אי חג המצות הואיל ופתח בו הכתוב תחלה אי חג הסוכות הואיל ומרובה מצותו

That excludes any inference [from the consecration of the priest, an annual event] to sacrifices which are offered up every day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' There are many sacrifices offered up by the individuals.');">²²</span> Perhaps [the reference is to] the [three] festivals?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [Since the sacrifices offered on festivals serve for atonement, v. Shebu. 2a-b.]');">²³</span> - One may infer something which takes place but once a year<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' [The consecration of the priests 'once a year' is not to be taken literally; it means once in that particular year in which the consecration was held.]');">²⁴</span> from something else which took place but once a year, but inference for these festivals is excluded since they do not take place but once a year.

אלא דנין פרישת שבעה ליום אחד מפרישת שבעה ליום אחד ואין דנין פרישת שבעה לשבעה מפרישת שבעה ליום אחד

Perhaps [the reference is] to one festival.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which is an annual event.');">²⁵</span> And if you would answer [by saying], We would not know to which [it has reference], [it would be] either the festival of Passover, which Scripture always mentions<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXIII, 15; Lev. XXIII, 5; Num. XXVIII, 16; Deut. XVI, 1.');">²⁶</span> [as the first of the three], or the feast of Sukkoth, because a great number of commandments apply to it!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The laws touching the booths, the citron, myrtle, palm-branch and willow of the brook; the ceremony of the libation, etc.');">²⁷</span> -The point is, however, that you may infer the [law of the priest's] removal [from his house] for seven days before the service which he is to perform on one day<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Day of Atonement.');">²⁸</span>

ואימא שמיני דפרישת שבעה ליום אחד הוא דנין דבר שאין קדושה לפניו מדבר שאין קדושה לפניו ואין דנין דבר שיש קדושה לפניו מדבר שאין קדושה לפניו

from [another case in which the priest is] removed also for seven days for the service of one day;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the eighth day of the Consecration, v. Lev. IX, 1ff.');">²⁹</span> but one may not fitly infer that [a priest must be] removed for seven days for the service of seven<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Passover or Sukkoth.');">³⁰</span> days from the fact that a law exists obliging [the priest's] removal for seven days for the service of one day.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the eighth day of the Consecration, v. Lev. IX, 1ff.');">²⁹</span> Yet perhaps [the reference is to] the Eighth Day<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shemini 'Azereth. The Eighth Day of the Solemn Assembly celebrated after the seventh day of the Festival of Booths (Sukkoth) , in which case the inference would appear legitimate.');">³¹</span>

ולאו קל וחומר הוא השתא דבר שאין קדושה לפניו בעי פרישה דבר שיש קדושה לפניו לא כל שכן אמר רב משרשיא לא הזה כתיב כזה

because there would be a service of only one day? - One may infer [laws concerning] a day which is not immediately preceded by another [festival] sanctity<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The Day of Atonement.');">²⁸</span> from another day,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the eighth day of the Consecration, v. Lev. IX, 1ff.');">²⁹</span> which similarly is not preceded by other [festival] sanctity,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the eighth day of the Consecration, v. Lev. IX, 1ff.');">²⁹</span> but one may not infer for a day preceded by [festival] Sanctity<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shemini Azereth is preceded by the seven days of Sukkoth.');">³²</span>

רב אשי אמר מי איכא מידי דעיקר רגל לא בעי פרישה טפל דידיה בעי פרישה ואפילו למאן דאמר שמיני רגל בפני עצמו הוא הני מילי לענין

from a day unpreceded by such. But [even if the inference by analogy be unjustified] is there no legitimate conclusion a minori ad majus, viz. , if a day unpreceded by another [festival] sanctity requires [for the officiating priest] a seven day removal [from his family], how much more should a day preceded by another [festival] sanctity require it!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shemini 'Azereth, which is preceded by the seven days of Sukkoth.');">³³</span> - R'Mesharsheya answered: Scripture expressly states this day,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. VIII, 34.');">³⁴</span> that means on a day like this.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Confirming the earlier differentiation.');">³⁵</span> R'Ashi said:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Countering the suggestion that the reference is to Shemini 'Azereth.');">³⁶</span> Could there be any festival the major<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sukkoth has seven days preceding the one day of 'Azereth.');">³⁷</span> part of which would require no removal [of the priest], while its attachment<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Shemini 'Azereth.');">³⁸</span> would require it. And even according to the one who holds that the eighth day is [not a mere attachment to Sukkoth, but] an independent festival day, that applies only to