Zevachim 105

עלה בכבש ופנה לסובב ובא לו לקרן דרומית מזרחית מזרחית צפונית צפונית מערבית מערבית דרומית שירי הדם היה שופך על יסוד דרומית ונאכלין לפנים מן הקלעים לזכרי כהונה בכל מאכל ליום ולילה עד חצות:

HE WENT UP THE ASCENT, TURNED TO THE SURROUNDING BALCONY,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sobeb, a terrace or balcony which ran round the altar. He had to stand on the balcony because he applied the blood with his finger on the horns of the altar. For other sacrifices he stood on the pavement and dashed the blood from the vessel on to the altar.');">¹</span> AND PASSED ON [SUCCESSIVELY] TO THE SOUTH-EAST, THE NORTH-EAST, THE NORTH-WEST, AND THE SOUTH-WEST CORNERS.

<big><strong>גמ׳</strong></big> היכי עביד רבי יוחנן ורבי אלעזר חד אמר נותן אמה אילך ואמה אילך וחד אמר מחטא ויורד כנגד חודו של קרן

THE RESIDUE OF THE BLOOD HE POURED OUT AT THE SOUTHERN BASE. THEY WERE EATEN WITHIN THE HANGINGS,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' In the Tabernacle. These hangings corresponded to the walls of the Temple court.');">²</span>

אליבא דרבי אלעזר בר"ש דאמר היא עצמה אינה נעשית אלא בגופה של קרן דכולי עלמא לא פליגי כי פליגי אליבא דרבי מר סבר אמה אילך ואמה אילך כנגד קרן הוא ומר סבר כנגד חודה אין טפי לא

BY MALE PRIESTS, PREPARED IN ANY FASHION,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Roast or boiled.');">³</span> THE SAME DAY AND NIGHT, UNTIL MIDNIGHT.

מיתיבי חטאת הציבור והיחיד כיצד מתן דמן היה עולה לכבש ופנה לסובב ובא לו לקרן דרומית מזרחית וטובל באצבעו הימנית המיומנת שבימין מן הדם שבמזרק וחומר בגודלו מלמעלה ובאצבעו קטנה מלמטה ומחטא ויורד כנגד חודה של קרן עד שמכלה כל הדם שבאצבע וכן כל קרן וקרן

<big><b>GEMARA: </b></big>How did he do it?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The application on the horn.');">⁴</span> - R'Johanan and R'Eleazar [disagree].

הכי קאמר מצוה בחודה אי עבד אמה אילך ואמה אילך לית לן בה:

One maintained: He applied it within a cubit in either direction.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' He stood e.g. at the south-east corner and applied the blood either in the direction of south or east, but within a cubit from the actual corner; similarly with the other corners.');">⁵</span> The other maintained: He applied it<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lit., performed the rites of the sin-offering; cf. supra ');">⁶</span>

מאי רבי ומאי רבי אלעזר בר' שמעון דתניא דמים העליונים ניתנין מחוט הסיקרא ולמעלה דמים התחתונים ניתנין מחוט הסיקרא ולמטן דברי רבי

with a downward movement on the edge of the horn. On the view of R'Eleazar son of R'Simeon who said that its [blood] is applied essentially on the very horn [of the altar],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Infra.');">⁷</span>

רבי אלעזר ברבי שמעון אומר במה דברים אמורין בעולת העוף אבל בחטאת בהמה היא עצמה אין נעשית אלא על גופה של קרן

there is no dispute at all.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The edge is certainly unnecessary, since anywhere within a cubit from the angle is the horn.');">⁸</span> They differ on Rabbi's view:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Who holds that the blood may be applied above the line even not against the horn, v. infra.');">⁹</span>

אמר רבי אבהו מאי טעמא דרבי דכתיב (יחזקאל מג, טו) וההראל ארבע אמות ומההראל ולמעלה וגו' ארבע אמות הוא דהויא אמר רב אדא בר אהבה ומקום קרנות ארבע מקום קרנות ד' הויא אלא אימא רשות קרנות ד':

One master holds that a cubit in either direction is also against the horn; while the other master holds: Only at the edge, and n further. An objection is raised: How was the blood of the public and the private sin-offerings applied?

תנן התם חוט של סיקרא חוגרו באמצע להבדיל בין דמים העליונים לדמים התחתונים מנא הני מילי אמר רב אחא בר רב קטינא שנאמר (שמות כז, ה) והיתה הרשת עד חצי המזבח התורה נתנה מחיצה להבדיל בין דמים העליונים לדמים התחתונים:

He went up the ascent, turned to the surrounding balcony, and passed on to the south-east horn, where he dipped his right finger - i.e., the index finger of his right hand - into the blood in the bowl, and supported it with his thumb on this side and his little finger on the other,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Like a balanced load. The reading adopted is that of Sh. M. Cur. edd. read: 'with his thumb above and his little finger below' - a rather difficult procedure.');">¹⁰</span> and applied it with a downward movement against the edge of the horn until all the blood on his finger was gone, and thus [he did] at every horn? - This is what he means: Its regulation is [that it be applied] at the edge; yet if he applies it within a cubit in either direction, we have no objection.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As this counts as an extension of the edge.');">¹¹</span>

שירי הדם כו': ת"ר אל יסוד מזבח זה יסוד דרומי אתה אומר זה יסוד דרומי או אינו אלא יסוד מערבי

What was [this allusion to] Rabbi and R'Eleazar son of R'Simeon? - As it was taught: The upper blood is applied above the scarlet line, and the lower blood is applied below the scarlet line: that is Rabbi's view. R'Eleazar son of R'Simeon said: This holds good only of a burnt-offering of a bird; but in the case of an animal sin-offering, its [blood] is applied essentially on the very horn.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 10a.');">¹²</span>

וילמד סתום מן המפורש אמרת ילמד ירידתו מן הכבש ליציאתו מן ההיכל מה יציאתו מן ההיכל בסמוך לו אף ירידתו מן הכבש בסמוך לו:

R'Abbahu said: What is Rabbi's reason? Because it is written, And the altar shall be four cubits; and from the altar and upward there shall be four horns.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ezek. XLIII, 15.');">¹³</span>

תניא רבי ישמעאל אומר זה וזה יסוד מערבי ר' שמעון בן יוחאי אומר זה וזה יסוד דרומי

Now, was the altar [only] four cubits?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' It was much larger.');">¹⁴</span> - Said R'Adda B'Ahaba: [It means,] And the place of the horns was four [cubits].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., the horns occupied four cubits of the altar, since each was a cubit in length and breadth.');">¹⁵</span>

בשלמא למאן דאמר יסוד מערבי קסבר ילמד סתום מן המפורש

Did the horns occupy four cubits?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Since each was a cubit in length, actually only two cubits of the length or the breadth of the altar were occupied by the horns.');">¹⁶</span> - Say rather: The limits of the horns were four [cubits].<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' A distance of four cubits below the horns, i.e., as far down as the scarlet line, still ranked as the horns. Therefore Rabbi says that the upper blood, i.e., the blood which is sprinkled on the horn, can be sprinkled anywhere above the scarlet line.');">¹⁷</span>

אלא למאן דאמר יסוד דרומי מ"ט א"ר אסי קסבר האי תנא כוליה מזבח בצפון קאי ל"א כוליה פתח בדרום קאי

We learnt elsewhere: A scarlet line encompassed it about the middle, to distinguish between the upper and the lower bloods. Whence do we know it? - Said R'Aha B'R'Kattina, Because it said: That the net may reach halfway up the altar:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXVII, 5.');">¹⁸</span> thus the Torah prescribed a barrier to distinguish between the upper and the lower bloods. THE RESIDUE OF THE BLOOD etc. Our Rabbis taught: At the base of the altar<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. IV, 30.');">¹⁹</span> means the southern base. You say, the southern base; yet perhaps it is not so, but rather the western base, and the undefined is learnt from the defined?<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the blood of the inner sin-offering it is said, at the base of the altar of burnt-offering, which is at the door of the tent of meeting (ibid., 7) . Now, as one entered from the door he came first to the western base: this is therefore regarded as defined, and the question is: Why not learn v. 30, where it is undefined, from v. 7, where it is defined?');">²⁰</span> You can answer: We infer his coming down the ascent from his exit from the hekal: as his exit from the hekal was to the nearest side, so his coming down the ascent was to the nearest side.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' When he left the hekal with the residue of the inner blood, he poured it out at the western base, this being nearest to him. So also when he came down the ascent with the residue of the outer blood, after having applied the blood on the south-west corner he poured it out at the southern base, this being nearest to him.');">²¹</span> It was taught, R'Ishmael said: In both cases<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. the inner and the outer sin-offerings.');">²²</span> the western base [is meant]. R'Simeon B'Yohai said: In both cases the southern base [is meant]. As for him who maintains that both [were poured out] at the western base, it is well: he holds that the undefined is learnt from the defined.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' As in n. 3.');">²³</span> But what is his reason who holds that the southern base [is meant] in both cases? - Said R'Assi: This Tanna maintains that the whole altar stood in the north.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., to the north of the door of the hekal, and no part of the altar actually stood in front of the door; then the immediate side would be the southern. It may also mean that it stood in the north of the Temple court, five cubits of it facing the door, and one of these five cubits was the southern base, which one would face as he came out of the door.');">²⁴</span> Another version: The whole entrance stood to the south.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Of the altar. This is the same as the preceding.');">²⁵</span>