Zevachim 233

נמצאו זבין וטמאי מתים משתלחין חוץ למחנה אחת והתורה אמרה (במדבר ה, ג) ולא יטמאו את מחניהם

this would result in zabin and the unclean through the dead being sent out from one camp [only],<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Viz., the camp of the Shechinah, since both are permitted in the camp of the Israelites (Pes. 67a) .');">¹</span> whereas the Torah said, That they defile not their camps:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. V, 3 q.v.; camps, plural.');">²</span> [this intimates,] assign a camp for this one and a camp for that one.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Each is sent into a different camp: he who is unclean through the dead is expelled from the camp of the Shechinah but permitted in the Levitical camp, whereas zabin are expelled from the Levitical camp too.');">³</span>

תן מחנה לזה ומחנה לזה

Said Raba to him: What then? there was no camp of the Israelites!<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' So that every place outside the Levitical camp had no status at all, and was simply like a field, whither a leper too might repair.');">⁴</span> If so, zabin and lepers would be sent to the same place, whereas the Torah said, He [the leper] shall dwell alone,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Lev. XIII, 46.');">⁵</span>

א"ל רבא אלא מאי מחנה ישראל לא הואי נמצאו זבין ומצורעין משתלחין למקום אחד והתורה אמרה (ויקרא יג, מו) בדד ישב שלא ישב טמא אחר עמו

[intimating] that no other unclean person may dwell with him? - Rather, there were all three camps after all; and what is meant by 'there were only two camps'? In respect of reception.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' An involuntary homicide took refuge in a city specially designated for that purpose (Ex. XXI, 13; Num. XXXV, 9 seq.) . In the wilderness this function was served by the Levitical camp; when they came to Shiloh, the Levitical camp lost that function.');">⁶</span> Hence it follows that in the wilderness the Levitical camp received [an involuntary homicide]? - Yes: and it was taught even so: Then I will appoint thee a place [whither he may flee]:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Ex. XXI, 13.');">⁷</span>

אלא לעולם כולהו תלתא הוו ומאי לא היו אלא שתי מחנות לקליטה מכלל דבמדבר הואי קלטה מחנה לויה

'thee' [implies] in thy lifetime;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. in Moses' lifetime; hence, in the wilderness.');">⁸</span> 'thee a place' [implies] in thy place;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' 'Thy' sc. Moses' - hence, the Levitical camp.');">⁹</span> 'whither he may flee': this teaches that they banished [a homicide] in the wilderness; whither did they banish him?

אין והא תניא (שמות כא, יג) ושמתי לך מקום בחייך מקום מקומך (שמות כא, יג) אשר ינוס שמה מלמד שמגלין במדבר להיכן גולין למחנה לויה

To the Levitical camp. From this they deduced that if a Levite committed homicide, he was banished from one district to another;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' All the forty-eight Levitical cities were cities of refuge. Hence, a Levite who committed involuntary homicide fled from his own city to another Levitical city.');">¹⁰</span> and if he fled to his own [juridical] district,<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Having committed homicide elsewhere. Rashi however reads (and Sh. M. emends) : and if he fled within his own district; and explains: if he fled from one quarter to another in his own city.');">¹¹</span>

מכאן אמרו בן לוי שהרג גולה מפלך לפלך ואם גלה לפלכו פלכו קולטו

his district receives him. Which text [teaches this]? - Said R'Aha the son of R'Ika: Because he must remain in his city of refuge:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Num. XXXV, 28.');">¹²</span> [this implies,] in the city which has already provided him with refuge.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' E.g., in the case of a homicide who fled to a city of refuge, and then again committed homicide in that city, he must remain in this same city. The same therefore applies to a Levite living in that city.');">¹³</span>

מאי קרא אמר רב אחא בריה דרב איקא (במדבר לה, כח) כי בעיר מקלטו ישב עיר שקלטתו כבר:

WHEN THEY CAME TO GILGAL [etc.]. Our Rabbis taught: Whatever could be vowed or offered as a freewill-offering<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' V. supra 2b, p. 2, n. 6.');">¹⁴</span> could be offered at a bamah;<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., at a private bamah, for statutory offerings were offered at the public bamah.');">¹⁵</span>

באו לגלגל: ת"ר כל נידר ונידב היה קרב בבמה שאין נידר ונידב אין קרב בבמה מנחה ונזירות קריבין בבמה דברי ר"מ וחכ"א לא קרבו יחיד אלא עולות ושלמים בלבד

what could not be vowed or offered as a freewill-offering<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Statutory offerings.');">¹⁶</span> could not be offered at a bamah. A meal-offering and [a sacrifice of] naziriteship<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' These were both votive, since naziriteship itself was the result of a vow.');">¹⁷</span>

ר' יהודה אומר כל שהצבור והיחיד מקריבין באהל מועד שבמדבר מקריבין באהל מועד שבגלגל מה בין אהל מועד שבמדבר לבין אהל מועד שבגלגל אהל מועד שבמדבר לא היו במות מותרות אהל מועד שבגלגל היו הבמות מותרות ובמתו שבראש גגו לא היה מקריב עליה אלא עולה ושלמים

were offered at a bamah: these are the words of R'Meir. But the Sages maintain: Only peace-offerings and burnt-offerings were sacrificed on behalf of a private individual. R'Judah said: whatever the community and an individual offered in the Tent of Meeting in the wilderness<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., all sacrifices.');">¹⁸</span>

וחכ"א כל שהצבור מקריבין באהל מועד שבמדבר מקריבין באהל מועד שבגלגל וכאן וכאן לא קרבו יחיד אלא עולה ושלמים בלבד ר' שמעון אומר אף צבור לא הקריבו אלא פסחים

were offered in the Tent of Meeting at Gilgal.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Which was a public bamah.');">¹⁹</span> What was the difference between the Tent of Meeting in the wilderness and the Tent of Meeting at Gilgal? [When] the Tent of Meeting in the wilderness [existed], bamoth were not permitted; [when] the Tent of Meeting at Gilgal [existed], bamoth were permitted, and one could offer on his bamah on the top of his roof<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' I.e., at a private bamah.');">²⁰</span> only burnt-offering[s] and peace-offerings. But the Sages maintain: whatever the community offered in the Tent of Meeting in the wilderness they offered in the Tent of Meeting at Gilgal. In both places<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Sc. both at public and at private bamoth.');">²¹</span> only burnt-offering[s] and peace-offerings were offered on behalf of a private individual. R'Simeon said: Even the community offered only Passover-offerings