פירוש על קידושין 11:3

"My 'atzurah'—what is the law?" Rashi's explanation: "The terminology of 'atzeret' is that 'You should be gathered with me in the house.' But my teachers explained it according to 'For we are atzurah from a woman' (1 Shmuel 21:6), but this is not clear. For he meant 'Separate from us' when he said that, for Ahimelekh said to David: Have the young men been guarding themselves from a woman? And David answered him: A woman is atzurah from us, and behold we are pure." [In other words: Rashi's problem is that "atzurah" in his teacher's verse means "separate" and therefore can't be used for a kiddushin formula, which is about bringing a woman closer to a man.] But Rabbenu Yitzhak responds to the biblical language according to [Rashi's teachers] and this is its explanation: There was a woman that was with us recently, but now we are pure. [In other words, the term atzurah, while it means "separate", implies that they previously were with a woman (also the verse says "recently" = מתמול שלשם), so it can be used for kiddushin.] And now it is fine because all the terms [in the sugya] are biblical language.

The Talmud asks whether certain other formulae are also valid. Many of these words are taken from the stories of Adam and Eve or from elsewhere in the Bible. I will list the references here:
מיוחדת—Genesis 2:24
מיועדת—Exodus 21:8-9
עזרתי, נגדתי—Genesis 2:18
עצורתי—Unclear, some say this is from I Samuel 21:6, but Rashi disagrees.
צלעתי, סגורתי—Genesis 2:21
תפושתי—Deuteronomy 22:28
The only of these that we know is valid is “taken by me” because the verse explicitly uses the language “takes a wife.”