תלמוד על שבת 35:2

HALAKHAH: Mishnah: “The House of Shammai say, one does not soak ink¹²Blocks of soot or sepia used to make India ink. This and the following rules are based on a fundamental disagreement between the House of Shammai, who hold that a person may not use his vessels for any procedure which he could not do on the Sabbath, and the House of Hillel who allow a person’s machines to work for him as long as he does not risk temptation to interfere with their working on the Sabbath., chemicals, or vetch,”³⁴⁸Quote from Mishnah 9. etc. What is the reason of the House of Shammai? Six days you shall work and do all your deeds³⁴⁹Ex. 20:9. The argument is quoted in Tosephta 1:21, Mekhilta dR. Simeon ben Yoḥai p. 149.. All your deeds, finish them by daylight. What is the reason of the House of Hillel? Six days you shall work on your works and on [the seventh] day³⁵⁰Ex. 23:12.. How do the House of Hillel explain the reason of the House of Shammai, six days you shall work and do all your deeds? When they work with their hands³⁵¹While work on the Sabbath is forbidden, letting machines work for you on the Sabbath is permitted.. How do the House of Shammai explain the reason of the House of Hillel, six days you shall work on your works and on [the seventh] day? Following what was stated³⁵²Tosephta 1:23, Babli 18a; Mekhilta dR. Simeon ben Yoḥai p. 149. The Tosephta stated rules common to the Houses of Hillel and Shammai even if the reasons for permission or prohibition may be different for the Houses. It is clear from the Tosephta that the House of Shammai forbid soaking ink in water during the Sabbath only because nothing of it is usable when the Sabbath begins, while watering a garden or smoking out lice from a garment is useful even if done only for a short time. The Babli disagrees, 18a (Explanation of S. Liebermann.), “One opens a water canal leading into a garden on Friday evening and it is continuously watered on the Sabbath. One puts ointment³⁵³Greek κολλύριον, τό. on an eye on Friday evening and it is continuously healing on the Sabbath. One puts a compress on a wound on Friday evening and it is continuously healing on the Sabbath. One puts burning incense under clothing on Friday evening and it is continuously smoked on the Sabbath. One puts sulfur under clothing on Friday evening and it is continuously sulfured on the Sabbath. One may not give wheat into a water mill on Friday evening unless it will be completely ground as long as it is daylight.” Rebbi Ḥaggai said, because it is making noise³⁵⁴In the Babli 18a this is an argument of the Babylonian Rabba. Since some grain will have been turned into flour, without this argument also the House of Shammai would permit milling flour in a watermill on the Sabbath.. Rebbi Yose said to him, this is fine if one holds with Rebbi Jehudah. But for the rabbis, just as they say because not every single drop was started, so they say here because not every grain kernel was started³⁵⁵This refers to Mishnah 2:4 where R. Jehudah permits feeding a burning light on the Sabbath with oil dripping from a vessel above the fire while the majority forbid it.. Rebbi Yose ben Rebbi Abun said, because he is apt to forget and will push the peg³⁵⁶According to him by biblical law milling on the Sabbath in an automatic mill is permitted according to both Houses; the prohibition is purely rabbinic; both Houses agree that it should be forbidden because the miller will hear when the milling is done and move a peg on his mill, which is a Sabbath desecration..