תלמוד על שבת 63:19

HALAKHAH: “Because of three sins women die in childbirth,¹⁸⁶Quote from Mishnah 6.” etc. There are Tannaim who state, as children. There are Tannaim who state, in childbirth¹⁸⁷Babli 32a.. He who said as children, it was stated in the name of Rebbi Jehudah: Children die because of the sin of vows¹⁸⁸Babli 32b, Ketubot 72a.. What is the reason? For the vain I did hit your sons¹⁸⁹Jer. 2:30, cf. Nedarim 3:2, Note 73.. But he who said in childbirth, from here that Satan¹⁹⁰The prosecutor in the Heavenly Court. accuses¹⁹¹A Hebrew verb formed from Greek κατηγορέω “accuse”. The vocalization בְשָׁעַת is from G. only in times of danger.

“And candle lighting²²Preparing lighting for the Friday evening meal is the duty of the wife (Babli 25b) and should not be delegated to a servant. Since this is an obligation tied to a fixed time it cannot be a biblical commandment as women are not subject to positive commandments tied to fixed times. But in the Halakhah to Mishnah 6 (Note 214) the obligation of the wife to light Sabbath candles is called a (rabbinic) commandment. Cf. Maimonides, Hilkhot Šabbat 3:1..” The First Man was the light of the world, as is said²¹⁵Prov. 20:23., God’s light is Adam’s soul. Eve caused him death, therefore they handed the commandment of the light to the woman. ²¹⁶Babli 32a, Berakhot 31b. Tosephta 2:10. It was stated: Rebbi Yose says, there are three clingings of death and all three were handed to woman: These are they, the commandment of Niddah, the commandment of ḥallah, and the commandment²¹⁷This homily and the following story of R. Eliezer are the only occurrences where lighting on Sabbath Eve is called a commandment; cf. Note 22. of lighting the light.

HALAKHAH: Mishnah: “Three things a person has to say in his house,” etc. ²¹⁸Babli 32a, Tosephta 2:10. It was stated: Rabban Simeon ben Gamliel says, the practices of sancta, and purifying waters, and preparations for impurity, are of the most important practices and all three have been handed over to the vulgar. The practices of sancta, as we have stated²¹⁹Mishnah Ḥagigah 3:4. A vulgar person is a person who is not careful to keep the laws of purity in his daily life and to be punctilious in observing the laws of tithes (cf. Introduction to Tractate Demay, pp. 349–350). The Mishnah states that if a vulgar gives heave from his wine making (which everybody is assumed to do) the Cohen who is a Fellow, punctilious in all these rules, may accept the heave as pure only at grape-pressing time. But if the vulgar tells him that part of the juice is dedicated as libation offering in the Temple, the Cohen may accept it all year long since the vulgar will strictly follow all rules of purity connected with the Temple.: “If he said, I separated into it a quartarius of sanctum, he must be believed.” Purifying waters, as we have stated²²⁰Mishnah Parah 5:1. Water used for the purification rite with the ashes of the Red Cow (Num. 19) must be treated following very strict rules. Nevertheless any vulgar can be trusted in this matter since the purification rite is needed before a visit to the Temple.: “Everybody is trustworthy about purifying water.” Preparations for impurity, as we have stated²²¹Food can become impure only if it is “prepared” for impurity by intentional contact with water (cf. Demay 2:3 Note 141, Terumot 1:1 Notes 7,9, Niddah 2:6 Notes 98–100). Since the vulgar person is impure, if he asserts that something of his is pure it means that it is impervious to impurity.: “About all these the vulgar is trustworthy to say that they are pure.”It should have been necessary²²²Making a fire on the Sabbath is a biblical Sabbath violation; giving tithe and making an eruv at twilight are only rabbinical violations. It should have been necessary to first make sure that no biblical violation occurs; cf. the next paragraph.: Kindle the light, did you give tithe, did you make an eruv, kindle²²³This last word should be deleted with G.? Rebbi Ḥiyya bar Abba²²⁴In G: R. Ḥiyya bar Ada. It is impossible to decide which reading is correct. said, since you are strict with him for the easier rules he will be strict with himself with the weighty one. Rebbi Ḥaggai said, Rebbi Samuel bar Rav Isaac commanded his house, did you make an eruv, did you kindle the light? Why did he not say, did you give tithe? Because all he ate, he ate from the market²²⁵He was of Babylonian origin and never acquired land in Galilee. Since he bought his food only from trustworthy suppliers he never had to tithe anything (Demay2:2 Note 126)..