Chasidut for Shabbat 61:7
שוב מעשה בנכרי אחד שהיה עובר אחורי בית המדרש ושמע קול סופר שהיה אומר (שמות כח, ד) ואלה הבגדים אשר יעשו חושן ואפוד אמר הללו למי אמרו לו לכהן גדול אמר אותו נכרי בעצמו אלך ואתגייר בשביל שישימוני כהן גדול בא לפני שמאי אמר ליה גיירני על מנת שתשימני כהן גדול דחפו באמת הבנין שבידו בא לפני הלל גייריה
On another occasion it happened that a certain heathen came before Shammai and said to him, 'Make me a proselyte, on condition that you teach me the whole Torah while I stand on one foot.' Thereupon he repulsed him with the builder's cubit which was in his hand.<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' Rashi: a cubit to measure off the amount of work done by a builder. ');"><sup>12</sup></span> When he went before Hillel, he said to him, 'What is hateful to you, do not to your neighbour:<span class="x" onmousemove="('comment',' The golden Rule; cf. Lev. XIX, 18: but thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.- V. Hertz, Leviticus, pp. 22 or 223, and cf. R. T. Herford, Talmud and Apocrypha, p. 148. ');"><sup>13</sup></span>
Pri HaAretz
The matter is according the response Hillel have to the convert who came to be converted on the condition that [Hillel] teach him the entire Torah on one leg. He received him and taught him "that which is hateful to you do not do to another...". Rashi of blessed memory explains, this is the Commandment "Love your neighbor as yourself". See the Maharsha who objects [and wonders] why [Hillel] did not phrase this to him as the positive commandment which it is in the Torah, and further [he spoke in a] translated manner (Aramaic); unquestionably, [he should have stated his response in a] positive form [for example], 'have mercy on another'. But he said it in a negated form, as if a negative commandment - 'what is hateful to you do not do to another'.
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Pri Tzadik
ויהי בימים וגו' וירא בסבלותם: In the Medrash it is written that G-d saw that they had no rest, and Moshe went and established the Shabbat day. This needs explanation - how is it hinted to here that Moshe established the day of rest for them? The verse says that G-d saw their hardships, no more no less. However, there is undoubtedly a hint towards the Shabbat day. The idea is that in every element of the creation of the world the words וירא אלהים כי טוב are used. How is it possible for the verse to say that G-d saw - didn't he see before/during his creation of the world? However, the intention of the verse is that through G-d's vision he was able to put the light (that he had created in the first day) into them. The only time it doesn't say כי טוב is when G-d created darkness and תוהו ובהו on the first day, and on the second day, G-d created Gehinom according to the Talmud in Pesachim (54A). The verse that says that G-d created evil, even though such a concept is not mentioned in the Genesis account of the creation of the world.
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Kedushat Levi
We may also use Rabbi Yehudah’s simile regarding how our actions on earth are recorded and evaluated In the celestial spheres as a means to understand Hillel’s answer given to the heathen who was willing to convert to Judaism on condition that Hillel was able to teach him Judaism during the time he was able to stand on one foot. (Shabbat 31) Hillel summed up Judaism by telling the prospective convert that “what is hateful to you do not do to any of your fellow man.”
The Talmud Baba Kamma 92 phrases it as a negative virtue when it warns us not to throw a stone into a well from which we had first drunk water.
The “fortune” that the Creator has given to each one of us for free, is our body and its organs as well as the intellectual faculties which serve us well during our life on earth. Is it conceivable that we should be so lacking in gratitude as to refuse to carry out the minimal demands made upon us by our Creator?
If anyone of us does not fulfill G’d’s commandments is G’d not entitled to become very angry at such a person? All we have to do to realize how unjustifiable such a conduct is, is the fact that we ourselves consider anyone not showing gratitude to a fellow human being who had gratuitously endowed us with material wealth as below contempt. What Hillel told the heathen who wished to convert is nothing else than that in Judaism we consider an ingrate as having committed the cardinal sin. The word מעלה in Rabbi Yehudah’s statement can also be translated as “virtue,” i.e. consider in your relationship with G’d that you have demonstrated on earth that you know how to practice gratitude. Surely, the gratitude you owe your Creator cannot be less than what you owe your peers on earth? Rabbi Yehudah implies that virtues we practice daily in our dealings with fellow human beings, must certainly also be practiced in our dealings with G’d.
The Talmud Baba Kamma 92 phrases it as a negative virtue when it warns us not to throw a stone into a well from which we had first drunk water.
The “fortune” that the Creator has given to each one of us for free, is our body and its organs as well as the intellectual faculties which serve us well during our life on earth. Is it conceivable that we should be so lacking in gratitude as to refuse to carry out the minimal demands made upon us by our Creator?
If anyone of us does not fulfill G’d’s commandments is G’d not entitled to become very angry at such a person? All we have to do to realize how unjustifiable such a conduct is, is the fact that we ourselves consider anyone not showing gratitude to a fellow human being who had gratuitously endowed us with material wealth as below contempt. What Hillel told the heathen who wished to convert is nothing else than that in Judaism we consider an ingrate as having committed the cardinal sin. The word מעלה in Rabbi Yehudah’s statement can also be translated as “virtue,” i.e. consider in your relationship with G’d that you have demonstrated on earth that you know how to practice gratitude. Surely, the gratitude you owe your Creator cannot be less than what you owe your peers on earth? Rabbi Yehudah implies that virtues we practice daily in our dealings with fellow human beings, must certainly also be practiced in our dealings with G’d.
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Kedushat Levi
Numbers 18,7. “I make your priesthood a service that is presented as a gift.”
When man serves the Lord this is not a gift to G’d, as he is obligated to do so from the moment he has been born. When man, in the process of serving the Lord, tries to elevate other creatures spiritually at the same time, this does constitute a gift he presents to the Lord.
When the Talmud in Shabbat 31 describes that the first question the soul is asked when appearing before the heavenly tribunal is: נשאת ונתת באמונה, commonly translated as “have you been fair and honest in your dealings with your fellow man,?” the real meaning is: ”when you engaged in business dealings with gentiles and you benefited financially by these dealings, did you use the opportunity of displaying fairness as an opportunity to bring the gentile closer to G’d the Creator?” If you did so you succeeded in rescuing these “sparks” that had strayed from their original path since they had been encased in a body. The word נשאת from the root נשא to raise, elevate,” in the line we quoted from the Talmud, refers to whether the Jew whose soul now appears for judgment in the celestial spheres being asked whether it had been instrumental in helping stray human beings to return to their sacred origins. When the Israelite, be he a priest or not, succeeds in bringing about conversion of pagans for the right reasons, he can claim to have presented his G’d with a gift, מתנה.
When man serves the Lord this is not a gift to G’d, as he is obligated to do so from the moment he has been born. When man, in the process of serving the Lord, tries to elevate other creatures spiritually at the same time, this does constitute a gift he presents to the Lord.
When the Talmud in Shabbat 31 describes that the first question the soul is asked when appearing before the heavenly tribunal is: נשאת ונתת באמונה, commonly translated as “have you been fair and honest in your dealings with your fellow man,?” the real meaning is: ”when you engaged in business dealings with gentiles and you benefited financially by these dealings, did you use the opportunity of displaying fairness as an opportunity to bring the gentile closer to G’d the Creator?” If you did so you succeeded in rescuing these “sparks” that had strayed from their original path since they had been encased in a body. The word נשאת from the root נשא to raise, elevate,” in the line we quoted from the Talmud, refers to whether the Jew whose soul now appears for judgment in the celestial spheres being asked whether it had been instrumental in helping stray human beings to return to their sacred origins. When the Israelite, be he a priest or not, succeeds in bringing about conversion of pagans for the right reasons, he can claim to have presented his G’d with a gift, מתנה.
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